Todmorden is an ordinary town in England. In less than two years, it has changed the way it produces its food and the way its residents think about the environment. Compared with 18 months ago, a third more townspeople now grow their own vegetables, almost 7 in 10 now buy local produce regularly, and 15 times as many people are keeping chickens. “Our aim is to make our town completely self-sufficient in food production,” said Pam Warburst, who planned the project, Incredible Edible.
The change started 18 months ago. Nick Green, who runs a company that provides workspace for local artists took on the job of doing the planting. He chose the first land in the middle of the town and it attracted plenty of attention. “We wanted everyone to see what we were doing, so they could ask questions and finally join in.” he said.
Incredible Edible was originally funded out of the participants’ (参与者) own pockets. “We were very clear that we didn’t want to look at what grants (拨款) were available and change our projects to suit them,” said Mr. Green. “We felt that what would work was to start with the town and what it needed. We’d look for money later on.” What the project leaders found was that a lot could be achieved with small amounts of cash. And awards and grants have followed.
“The important thing about Incredible Edible is that it involves (影响) everyone in the town and it’s a grass-roots project. I honestly believe it’s a good plan for every neighborhood. What we’re doing here could easily be rolled out anywhere. It’s all about involving people, giving them ownership, letting them realize it can be fun and interesting and that the food is delicious, and giving them space to set up their own ideas and run with them.”
1. Which of the following can best describe Todmorden?A.It has an artistic atmosphere. | B.It is leading a green lifestyle. |
C.It produces everything it needs. | D.It is famous for its beautiful scenery. |
A.Doing the planting. | B.Choosing the land. |
C.Nick Green’s company. | D.The workspace for artists. |
A.By raising money from the locals. | B.By winning an award from a competition. |
C.By collecting money from the participants. | D.By applying for a grant from the government. |
A.It helps the residents get rich. | B.It provides enough food for the locals. |
C.It has been achieved by ordinary people. | D.It has a strong effect on reducing pollution. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】For this year’s Fourth of July celebration, some US cities have replaced traditional fireworks with impressive drone (无人机) light shows. Maybe most importantly, the drones being employed by more and more cities for Fourdr of July celebrations don’t leave behind a blanket of smoke at a time when America’s air quality is already at its worst in decades.
“Around the world, we’ve seen consistently that, during times when firework usage is really high, we have really bad air quality.” said Pallavi Pant, the head of global health at the Health Effects Institute. And while that pollution typically disappears quickly— usually around noon on July 5th— the concentration can be high enough to worsen the condition for those with breathing problems. Cities making the switch to high-tech shows say there’re plenty of other reasons why people may want to avoid traditional fireworks.
“Fireworks can be harmful to folks who suffer from PTSD (创伤后应激障碍) or families who have dogs. Salt Lake City has more households with dogs than we do with kids,” said Lynze Twede, a manager for Salt Lake City Public Lands. “Being away from fireworks is considered by many to be the tendency of the future. Drones are reusable, while with fireworks, you have smoke, falling debris (碎片), and noise which especially stresses dogs and people with PTSD out.”
About 12, 264 fires were started by firework displays in 2021, according to the National Fire Protection Association. Those added up to around $59 million in direct property damage. But data also shows that much of the wildfire risk comes not from grand public displays, but from the small-scale shows on sidewalks.
It may be too early to tell how this tendency may get close to smaller shows and consumers, but the price is a limiting factor.
1. What is the most important reason for US cities’ giving up traditional firework shows?A.To reduce fire risks. | B.To prevent noise pollution. |
C.To protect the environment. | D.To support new technology. |
A.Their thick smoke. | B.Their falling debris. |
C.Their frightening noise. | D.Their shining bright light. |
A.Public fireworks win more people’s favor. | B.Street fireworks present more fire threats. |
C.Usage of fireworks is on the decrease | D.Prevention of fireworks is costly. |
A.Economic pressure. | B.Appreciation value. |
C.Drones’ safety. | D.Related policy. |
A.What response Americans have to drone light shows |
B.Why some US cities replace fireworks with drones. |
C.How Americans celebrate special events. |
D.How drone shows develop in America. |
【推荐2】It’s a warm June afternoon, and in a group of bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs over a leaf. The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. The forest is one of seven such extremely small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 across the Netherlands. By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, the organization proposing the country’s initiative, there will be 200.
Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the concept has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. It’s a very practical way to do something positive in the light of climate change and loss of biodiversity.
Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said.
Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. Maintenance of the forests occasionally involves removing aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wildflowers that appear, are allowed to grow.
1. What is special about the Muziekplein forest?A.It is newly planted. | B.It sits in an urban area. |
C.It grows along a railway. | D.It is shaped like a basketball court. |
A.To make people realize environmental challenges. |
B.To make nature more accessible to children. |
C.To increase the Netherlands’ biodiversity. |
D.To call for action on climate change. |
A.Benefits of mini-forests in cities. | B.Ways to keep neighborhoods green. |
C.Inspiration for planting forests in cities. | D.Importance of being exposed to nature. |
A.By listing data. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By doing experiments. | D.By making comparisons. |
【推荐3】Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free – by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheese, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called "America's Dairyland," is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of(处置)the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers waters' freezing point, causing ice to melt(融化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more environment-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the sane con-pound (化合物)in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless, right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U.S. Roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants. and eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a downside too – a shell similar to that of bad milk. "I don't really mind it," Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway commissions and came up with the idea of using cheese brine. "Our roads smell like Wisconsin!" he said.
1. Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free?A.It is soft. | B.It contains salt. | C.It is warm. | D.It has milk in it. |
A.Improving air quality. | B.Increasing sales of rock salt. |
C.Reducing water pollution. | D.Saving the cheese industry. |
A.barking up the wrong tree | B.putting the cart before the horse |
C.robbing Peter to pay Paul | D.killing two birds with one stone |
【推荐1】Three out of five women say that their caring responsibilities are preventing them from applying for jobs or promotion, while only one in five men say the same, according to new research.
The poll of 5,444 people by Ipsos Mori and the charity Business in the Community (BITC) found that nearly half of the workforce are combining paid work and care. Almost three in 10 adults have left or considered leaving a job because of difficulties in balancing work and care. The latter was particularly true of women.
The majority of those with care responsibilities in the UK are parents looking after children under 18, but 36% of carers are responsible for an adult of working age or older. Those from a black, Asian, mixed race or other ethnically diverse background were significantly more likely to say they have caring responsibilities than those from a white background. As many as 50% of carers from an ethnic minority say their caring responsibilities are holding them back, compared to 39% of white carers.
BITC Gender Equality campaign director Charlotte Woodworth said the results showed the disconnect between what workers need from employers and what they experience. “There’s a lot of competing ideas about how we should try to improve the lot of women, how we should try and create a more levelled-up society. This report tells us very clearly how significantly workplace policies and workplace cultures are undermining those efforts,” she said.
The research shows nearly one in 10 carers are “sandwich carers”, meaning they have caring responsibilities for both a child and an adult.
The charity wants the government and employers to offer new fathers more paid time off to look after their children. The research found that even among women who identify as joint carers, 52% say they do “more than my fair share”, in comparison to 10% of men. One in three men admit they do “less than my fair share”, in comparison to 4% of women.
1. How does the author show the gender difference of caring responsibilities?A.By specific data. | B.By detailed comparison. |
C.By reliable facts. | D.By several quotations. |
A.boosting | B.affecting | C.inspiring | D.impairing |
A.To raise salary for them. | B.To give paid holidays to fathers. |
C.To offer fathers pay rise. | D.To provide them with more time off. |
A.More paid time off should be given to men to care. |
B.Caring responsibilities is dragging men’s work. |
C.Women suffer more from care responsibilities. |
D.Balancing work with caring responsibilities is a dilemma. |
【推荐2】There are excellent reasons for anyone to seek out the optimistic. Optimists experience better health outcomes, live longer and are more satisfied with their relationships. Optimism enables people to hold on in the face of difficulty, while pessimism leaves them depressed and even expecting failure.
I want that hopeful, optimistic outlook for my children. But many times we may feel pessimistic. The result of negativity makes me worry that my kids’ future will be uncertain. Fortunately, research suggests ways to help our children grow up with an optimistic attitude and maintain a happier outlook ourselves.
Humanity has improved by many measures, but that success has become the water in which we swim, and like fish, we take the water for granted. While we fail to notice the positive, our brains naturally emphasize on the negative. With practice, we can help our brains to give the good stuff equal weight. Dr. Hanson’s advice: when you hear a great story or achieve something in your own life, deliberately rest your mind on that experience and stay with it. Sink into that feeling as it sinks into you. Describe what you’re doing to your kids, and encourage them to dwell on their joys and pleasures as well.
Following the "big scary" news can leave us feeling helpless. Find something in your area that makes you feel hopeful, and make it a part of your family life. Researchers found that when people with a pessimistic outlook use positive language to describe situations they find upsetting, their feelings about the situation become more positive. That’s something we can try at home.
Raising optimistic kids is hard because it demands that parents abandon the pessimistic perspective that’s the easiest response to pessimistic times. Put your energy into making sure you and your family are a part of the world around you. That might mean simply joining and being part of local clubs that feed our natural human need for connection( not of the digital kind).
1. Why do people look up to optimists?A.They’re like the water around the world. |
B.They can make pessimistic times hopeful |
C.They enable people to hold on in difficulty. |
D.They affect the government and education. |
A.People will feel pessimistic when they see no success. |
B.People will feel satisfied with their slightest success. |
C.People will think only about their joys and pleasures. |
D.People will feel frightened to hear big scary news. |
A.Big scary news can remind us of potential danger. |
B.Optimism is something one was born with. |
C.Human progress leads to the feeling of happiness. |
D.Pessimistic parents can’t raise optimistic children. |
A.The Harm of Taking Optimism for Granted. |
B.Ways to Raise Optimistic Kids. |
C.Ways to Turn Pessimism into Optimism. |
D.Introduction to Positive Language for People. |
【推荐3】When tragedy strikes, some people fall into deep depression (抑郁) sometimes losing hope and even the will to carry on. They may worry continuously about the disaster and suffer nightmares. Other people, however, react differently. Instead of becoming depressed and unable to cope, they are able to deal with painful experiences and move on.
Boris Cyrulnik is interested in this difference of reaction. To find out why some people are so deeply affected, while others are seemingly able to recover, he has devoted his career to the study of psychological resilience (复原力).
Cyrulnik found resilience is a quality that builds through a natural process. He says that alone, a child has no resilience. We build resilience from developing relationships.
Positive emotions and humour are key factors in resilience. Cyrulnik's research has shown that people who are better able to deal with life's difficulties or traumas (创伤)are able to find meaning in hardship, seeing it as a useful and inspiring experience, and even to find ways to laugh. Resilient people always remain able to see how things may turn out for the better in the future, even if the present is painful.
It had previously been thought that people who show more resilience are less emotional in general, but Cyrulnik believed that the pain is no less for resilient people than it is for others; it is a matter of how they choose to use it. The pain may continue, even over a whole lifetime, but for these people it raises a challenge that they decide to meet. The challenge is to overcome what has happened, to find strength in the experience instead of letting it defeat them, and to use the strength to move forward. Given the right support, children are especially able to complete recovery from trauma. Cyrulnik has shown that the human brain is easily influenced and will recover if allowed. If a child is well supported and loved after the trauma, his brain is able to return to normal within a year.
Cyrulnik thinks it important not to label (贴标) children who have suffered a trauma, misleading them to a hopeless future. Trauma consists of two things: the injury and the repeated description of that injury. Often the most damaging post-traumatic experience for children is experiencing embarrassing adult descriptions of events. Labels, he says, can be more damaging than the experience.
1. According to Cyrulnik's research, resilient people are________A.patient and forgiving. | B.sensitive and controlling. |
C.optimistic and humorous. | D.considerate and committed. |
A.They should be treated differently. | B.They should be labeled as poor little ones. |
C.They should be given the right support. | D.They should be helped to accept the reality. |
A.Resilience is a person's ability to grow in the face of terrible problems. |
B.Resilience is found in less emotional people in general. |
C.Resilience is built either by being alone or communicating with others. |
D.Resilience is a person's power to avoid painful experiences. |
A.A biology textbook. | B.A travel guidebook. |
C.A psychology book. | D.A sports magazine. |
【推荐1】Ireland's Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination. However, since April in 2017, the small island of just 2,700 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago.
The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh, one of the settlements on the island, awoke to a surprising sight:their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms. There were only rocks and rock pools left. For about 34 years, only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores. The area's tourism industry slowly declined, and the handful of beachside hotels, pubs, and restaurants gradually closed as well.
Then around Easter in 2017, something magical happened—an unusual tenday tide blanketed the barren 300meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand. Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves.
The locals are delighted to have their beach back, especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature, with their own eyes. However, Sean Molloy, manager at Achill Tourism, cautions against going into the cold waters just yet, saying, “Because of the sand coming in, we don't know how safe the beach is now because currents (水流) could be changed and it'll take a little bit of time.” He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area.
Interestingly, this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearing and reappearing act. It disappeared in the 1890s, for over 30 years, before returning in 1927.However, the locals are optimistic that this time around, the beautiful sand is here to stay.
1. What has brought Achill Island worldwide attention recently?A.An unusual storm. |
B.The decrease in the number of residents. |
C.The return of its beach. |
D.The building of a new tourist destination. |
A.Tourism went down gradually. |
B.Restaurants developed slowly. |
C.Storms attacked frequently. |
D.Rock pools disappeared completely. |
A.Noisy. | B.Soft. |
C.Bare. | D.Golden. |
A.Spoiling the shores. |
B.Getting into the rock pools. |
C.Playing with dolphins. |
D.Swimming near the beach. |
【推荐2】Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate (迁徙) north.
Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn’t matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What’s more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.
However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.
1. What is the major function of paragraph 1?A.To arouse the reader’s concern. |
B.To introduce the theme of the whole passage. |
C.To summarize the whole passage. |
D.To state how climate changes. |
A.To show major changes are taking place on the planet. |
B.To remind people to prevent future earthquakes. |
C.To show the damage earthquakes caused. |
D.To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future. |
A.Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear. |
B.It could lead to the spread of diseases. |
C.Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear. |
D.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious. |
A.Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly. |
B.There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change. |
C.The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration. |
D.The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change. |
【推荐3】People were already known to consume microplastics via food and water as well as breathing them in. In a new study, scientists analyzed blood samples from 22 healthy donators and found microplastics in 17. Half the samples contained PET plastic, which is commonly used in drinks bottles, while a third contained polystyrene, which is used for packaging food and other products. A quarter of the blood samples containcd polyethylene, from which plastic carrier bags are made.
“Previous work had shown that microplastics were 10 times higher in the faeces (粪便) of babies compared with adults and that babies fed with plastic bottles are swallowing millions of microplastic particles (微粒) a day. We also know in general that babies are more sensitive to chemical and particle exposure,” said Prof Dick Vethaak, a scientist at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.“That worries me a lot.”
The new research adapted existing techniques to detect and analyze particles as small as 0.0007mm. Some of the blood samples contained two or three types of plastic. The team used steel syrınge needles and glass tubes to avoid pollution and tested for background levels of microplastics using blank samples.
Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic varied considerably between the blood samples.“But this is a pioneering study,”he said, with more work now necded. He said the differences might reflect short-term exposure before the blood samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic-lined coffee cup or wearing a plastic face mask.
A recent study found that microplastics can attach to the outer membranes(膜) of red blood cells and may limit their ability to transport oxygen. The particles have also been found in the placentas of pregnant women.
“Arc the particles preserved in the body? Are they transported to certain organs? And are these levels sufficiently high to cause disease?” Vethaak said.“More detailed research on how microplastics affect the structures and processes of the human body, and whether and how they can transform cells and how they may cause cancer, is urgently needed. The problem is becoming more urgent each day,”Vethaak added.
1. What does the new study in Paragraph I show?A.Microplastic pollution is harmful to human health. |
B.Microplastics have been detected in human blood. |
C.Drinks bottles contain more microplastics than plastic carrier bags. |
D.Food packagıng is the main source of microplastics in the human body. |
A.The mass production of plastic bottles. |
B.The impact of microplastics on babies. |
C.The undeveloped digestive system of babies. |
D.The increasing amount of chemicals in food. |
A.Diverse sampling time. |
B.Pollution of blood samples. |
C.Different physical conditions of donators. |
D.Short-term exposure to plastics before sampling. |
A.Studies of Plastic Products. |
B.The Expectation of Microplastics. |
C.Pioneering Studies of Microplastic Particles. |
D.Studies of Microplastics into Human Body. |