Every year the start of the Atlantic hurricane season is another reminder for Margarite August that she still doesn’t have a roof.
The 70-year-old retired teacher’s home on the small Caribbean island nation of Dominica was mostly wiped out by hurricane Maria six years ago.
Six years after hurricane Maria, Dominicans like Margarite August still haven’t been able to rehabilitate their homes.
August is not alone. Since Maria, the government of Dominica has built 7,000 new homes—about a quarter of its housing stock-with materials to fight another Category 5 hurricane. They’ve also relocated two communities. But an untold number of the island’s 70,000 or so residents are like August, rebuilding their homes in any way they can afford.
Hurricane Maria is often referred to as a once-in-a-lifetime disaster. Scientists put much of the blame on warming ocean temperatures that could make frequent (频繁的) storms like it.
Maria damaged a terrible 95% of Dominica’s housing stock and 226% of the nation’s GDP. Before the storm, the country’s economy had long struggled since its independence from Great Britain in 1978. Unlike its more famous touristy neighbors along the chain of eastern Caribbean islands it lies on, Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (丛林) than white sandy beaches.
The jungle mountains that crash down to the coast are beautiful but disasters visit easily. “I don’t think anybody ever got over Maria,” says Christine John of the Dominica Red Cross. “There are a lot of persons today—if it just starts to rain outside, they get anxious.”
1. What does the underlined word “rehabilitate” in paragraph 3 mean?A.Rebuild. | B.Leave. | C.Decorate. | D.Buy. |
A.Over-farming. | B.Loss of the land. |
C.The disappearance of the forests. | D.Climate change. |
A.Its good economy. | B.Its architecture. |
C.Its mountains and jungles. | D.Its sandy beaches. |
A.They have to stay bored at home. | B.Their houses are easy to take in water. |
C.They don’t know how to make umbrellas. | D.They are afraid of another disaster like Maria. |
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【推荐1】Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidences of coming quakes.
However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. “We don’t understand some basic physics of earthquakes,” said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and symptoms. As it turns out,quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2500 years ago: he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently, Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since quake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface. “Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes,” Bruneau said. “Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”
1. Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult?A.Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown. |
B.Data on early warning signs are fully understood. |
C.Mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust are impossible. |
D.Earthquake prediction is the same as the diagnosis of human illness. |
A.To explain why Pherecydes was famous. |
B.To explain Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature. |
C.To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history. |
D.To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction. |
A.Scientists have methods to predict earthquake. |
B.Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake. |
C.Some quakes are harmless if quake’s energy is released. |
D.Scientists have no reliable method to predict an earthquake. |
A.The reasons for earthquake forecasting. | B.The history of earthquake forecasting. |
C.The methods of earthquake forecasting. | D.The future of earthquake forecasting. |
【推荐2】Flash floods can strike without warning. They can hit when you’re hiking in a river valley, walking through a canyon, or even simply driving to a remote destination. You can minimize your risk by knowing how to prepare for the worst and how to escape when a flood begins.
Before heading out, check the weather report, look at any flood warnings and take them seriously.
Be careful of any visual signs of danger and your surroundings while walking or hiking in a tight space.
What if, despite your preparations, you find yourself stuck in a dangerous place when flooding begins? Move to higher ground immediately, away from rivers and streams. If the situation is urgent, leave behind your possessions.
A.Avoid walking through moving water. |
B.No bag or equipment is worth your life. |
C.It takes hours for the flood waters to move away. |
D.Hundreds of people die due to drowning inside their vehicles. |
E.Be careful not to let your excitement drive you to take any chances. |
F.Keep these tips in mind the next time you head out for an outdoor adventure. |
G.The sudden arrival of dark clouds during a perfectly sunny day is one obvious sign. |
【推荐3】Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property (财产) damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experience with earthquakes might be considered insignificant (微不足道).
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes that to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the famous landmark.
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer-something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father”.Minutes later, I was safe outside.
1. The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about________.A.a new film about an earthquake | B.how to survive an earthquake |
C.his three earthquake experiences | D.how to save children in an earthquake |
A.all caused bodily harm | B.are all recorded in a website |
C.all measured more than 6.0 | D.all happened in California |
A.was staying with his daughter | B.was planting fruit trees |
C.was working | D.was in a hotel |
A.A church. | B.Disneyland. |
C.A building destroyed by an earthquake. | D.The place where the author was born. |
【推荐1】As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and French, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars (学者) from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting (记录) dying languages and the cultures they reflect. Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following that tradition. His recently published a book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, which grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not satisfied to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials, including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes, which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection. Now, through the two organizations that he has founded, the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project, Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.
1. What’s the function of paragraph 1?A.The main idea of the whole passage. |
B.To attract the attention of the readers. |
C.An introduction to the topic of the passage. |
D.To express the writer’s anxiety about the dying language. |
A.They wanted to follow those traditions. |
B.They hoped to experienced their culture. |
C.They hoped to specialized in the languages. |
D.They wanted to prevent the disappearing of the languages. |
A.He did lots of research into the materials in Cambridge University. |
B.He gathered the materials from first-hand experience. |
C.He was not satisfied with the present situation. |
D.He raised a family in a village in Nepal. |
A.How he recorded those languages. |
B.How he founded two organizations. |
C.What he did to save those languages. |
D.What he did is of great importance to protect those languages. |
【推荐2】It’s generally acknowledged that raising a child has geographic features. A recent survey, for example, looked at the personalities parents wanted their children to have in different countries. The finding was fascinating: Dutch parents focused on rest, cleanliness and routine; Italian parents preferred their children to be even-tempered, well-balanced and likeable; American parents, meanwhile, were more likely to want their kids to be intelligent or cognitively advanced.
The US preference represents the shift in the way American parents raise their children, a transition from the so-called latchkey kids of the 1980s to the helicoptered children of today. With more parents adopting the kind of intensive parenting style common in the US, parenting in European nations, traditionally more relaxed, is changing.
Intensive parenting is a type of parenting that requires a significant amount of time and money, including scheduling children for additional activities, as well as advocating for their needs and talents in communications with schools. It’s not limited to a small circle of parents but the dominant cultural model of parenting in the US.
The increasing fear of inequality makes parents feel the need to help drive their children’s education. The inequality, in their opinions, is making it critical for the kids not to be left behind. And so they will assume a parenting style that is more intense and more success-oriented. Thus the intensive parenting approach has become a parenting style influencing the overall parenting culture in Europe.
The intensification of parenting has consequences for nations, parents and children. One of the problems is that it increases economic inequality. In the 1960s, for example, when there was less emphasis on developing children’s talents and interests, parents across social classes spent similar amounts of time and money on their kids.
Experts also point to the large volume of parenting books, blog posts and articles now available to those raising families. Even if parents are skeptical of expert advice, they are still influenced by it. Turning kids into well-rounded and successful personalities is naturally becoming their life-long pursuit.
1. What does the study mentioned in the first paragraph indicate?A.A well-balanced child is more 1ikeable in Dutch. |
B.How kids are brought up varies from area to area. |
C.A kid’s cognitive ability is fixed by geographic features. |
D.Being clean is preferred by American parents. |
A.It needs much involvement of parents. | B.It makes kids more relaxed than before. |
C.It has been criticized. | D.It is out of date in the US. |
A.Weakening the ties between parents and their kids. |
B.Intensifying the inequality among the people economically. |
C.Relieving the depression and anxiety of parents. |
D.Meeting a strong protest from most European parents. |
A.American Parenting Mode Swings Back | B.Returning to the Traditional Parenting Mode |
C.Parenting Makes Parents over Stressed | D.Intensive Parenting Is Sweeping through the US |
【推荐3】Honda is developing an in-shoe navigation (导航) system to support the visually impaired (受损的) with walking, and it could be a game-changer.
The Ashirase is a navigation system consisting of a smartphone app and a three-dimensional device including a motion sensor, which is attached inside the shoe. Based on the route set with the app, the device vibrates (振动) to provide navigation. When the user should go straight, the vibrator positioned on the front part of the foot vibrates, and when the user is approaching a right or left turn, the vibrator on the right or left side vibrates to notify the user.
The navigation provided by Ashirase enables the user to understand the routes more easily, and thus the user does not have to be constantly mindful of the direction, which makes it possible for the user to walk more safely and with a more relaxed state of mind. Having navigation provided through vibration on the foot is also useful in that it does not bother the user’s hand which is holding a walking stick, or ears used to listen to surrounding sounds.
Why is a company known for its automobiles getting involved in this area? Because it matters. In Japan alone, the number of people with visual impairment including low vision was estimated to be 1. 64 million as of 2007, and the number is forecast to increase to nearly 2 million by 2030.
With the concept of “navigation which enables safety and a relaxed state of mind for the visually impaired”, Ashirase is being developed as a product which helps the visually impaired reach their destinations safely and have a more independent lifestyle.
Wataru Chino, a designer at Honda, said, “I am sure that we will face many challenges as we work toward the market launch of Ashirase; however, we’re bound to overcome them to realize the freedom of mobility for visually impaired people.”
1. What does the underlined word “notify” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Protect. | B.Assess. | C.Inform. | D.Stop. |
A.Its benefits for its users. | B.Its working principles. |
C.Its potential challenges. | D.Its future improvements. |
A.Most Japanese people expect the company to do so. |
B.The company has trouble developing new automobiles. |
C.There is an increasing demand from the visually impaired. |
D.The company determines to prevent more visual impairment. |
A.He is confident to make the system accessible. |
B.He believes the system will earn much money. |
C.He is worried about the future market potential. |
D.He finds developing the system less challenging. |