Those of us who shop online may look over customer reviews to get a better sense of products we can’t judge for ourselves at a physical store. We may check out online recommendations before booking a haircut or visiting a new restaurant. But what happens if some of those reviews can’t be trusted?
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recently announced that it was suggesting new measures to crack down on (严厉打击) fake (虚假的) reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. The commission published a suggested rule that would prohibit companies from writing or selling fake reviews, buying positive reviews, silencing negative reviews and more.
“Our suggested rule on fake reviews shows that we’re using all possible means to attack misleading advertising in the digital age,” Samuel Levine, director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection, said in a statement.
Research shows most people heavily rely on online reviews, but humans are also bad at telling which consumer reviews hold water and which are nonsense.
That’s potentially worrisome given that nearly one in every three reviews is fake, according to one study.
In arguing for the suggested rule, the FTC cited what action it had taken against companies that controlled reviews of their products.
In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer Fashion Nova, LLC to pay $4.2 million to settle allegations (指控) that it prevented negative reviews from being posted on its website – the first FTC action involving a company’s effort to hide negative reviews. For its part, Fashion Nova said in a statement to The New York Times that the FTC’s allegations were “inaccurate” and that it only settled the charges to avoid “the distraction (分心) and legal fees”.
Comments on the suggested rule have to be received within 60 days of its publication in the Federal Register, after which the FTC will decide whether to issue a revised final version.
1. What is the main purpose of the FTC’s suggested rule?A.To improve the quality of products and services. |
B.To ensure true reviews are presented to customers. |
C.To ban negative reviews from online platforms. |
D.To protect the interests of physical stores. |
A.Be trustworthy. | B.Be one-sided. |
C.Be official. | D.Be misleading. |
A.To remove negative reviews of its products. |
B.To post customer reviews on its website. |
C.To resolve its allegations of dishonest advertising. |
D.To prevent it from facing further criticism and legal fees. |
A.It is well-received. |
B.It is still under review. |
C.It has proven to be effective. |
D.It has faced disagreement. |
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【推荐1】The Little Baby Face Foundation(LBFF)is an NYC-based nonprofit organization with a great deal of controversy. Founded in 2002, it provides free plastic surgery for children born with facial deformities(畸形). Many teenagers who have been teased for their looks are now applying to have their problem areas “fixed” by LBFF.
Nadia, one 14-year-old teenager, had her face greatly changed in June when she went under the knife. Her classmates had been constantly making fun of her appearance. “They said I have the biggest ears that they’ve ever seen. They called me elephant ears,” Nadia said. Those comments hurt her a lot. She even considered how to end her own life.
But Nadia tried to keep the bullying a secret from her mother, Lynda. Her mother was already dealing with mounting medical bills for her 9-year-old son, Josh, who had a serious brain disease. When her mother did finally find out about the bullying, she was heartbroken.
Nadia decided to end her bullying problems with plastic surgery. Then her mother turned to the LBFF, which accepted Nadia’s application. The surgeries were very painful and it took months for her face to heal, but she did manage to return to school with a new face, a face she was finally proud of.
Nadia’s surgery may have helped her overcome her emotional pain, but should teenagers go to those extremes just because they are being bullied?
Experts warn if the deformities are not really a problem to the child, plastic surgery is not the answer! In fact, when a teen decides to get plastic surgery because he or she is being bullied, it can send the wrong message. By surgically changing the victim of a bully, it is as if you support the bullying and agree the victim is in fact worthy of all those names he or she has been called. It is like saying to teenagers: “Yes, there is something wrong with you, and you should get it fixed!”
1. What did Nadia think of her school life in the past?A.Busy. | B.Exciting. |
C.Miserable. | D.Ordinary. |
A.Her mother had heart disease. | B.She didn’t want to burden her. |
C.Her mother was afraid of being bullied. | D.She didn’t know how to share it with her. |
A.It may let bullies feel they are right. | B.It may become popular among teens. |
C.It may damage the name of the LBFF. | D.It may change victims into bullies. |
A.Why many teenagers are being teased? |
B.Is plastic surgery the answer to bullying? |
C.Why surgery helps overcome emotional pain? |
D.Should we pay more attention to appearance? |
【推荐2】Jac Grimes plays Santa in Greensboro, North Carolina. He gave up home visits which make up about a third of his business. He did it not just for his own health, but to prevent passing the virus from one family to the next. At a farmer's market where he works every year, Grimes dresses up as Santa and sits in a parking area. He talks to children who remain inside their cars.
The virus has many Santas and parents turning to online visits. Those visits have led many Santas to turn to their children and others for help in learning new computer skills. "It has been a challenge (挑战)," said Christopher Saunders, a Santa performer in Tool, a small town near Dallas, Texas. But Saunders and others say that instead of in-person visits, online visits are good, if imperfect.
Even Santas with the best jobs are hurt. Howard Graham has played Santa for eight years at New York's Radio City Music Hall. The place is known for its famous Christmas show with the Rockettes, a dance group. This year, he is making online visits and working five days with a historic railroad in Pennsylvania. “I love what I do... bringing them (children) a little bit of smile and hope," said Graham.
Brad Six first played Santa 35 years ago. He recently sat on Santa's chair for three hours at a shop in Miami. As families sat in front of a glass barrier(屏障)for photos, Six turned his head so that his face protection did not reflect (反射)the camera's light. He happily waved at children around the barrier so they could tell him their wish lists-from a distance about 1.8 meters away.
Six said the situation was a little easier physically on Santa's back because he didn't have to pick anybody up, but it was not as enjoyable because Santa didn't get the interaction (互动)he normally gets. This was definitely different, but the kids were excited and that was what mattered.
1. Many Santas learn new computer skills in order to.A.offer their services online | B.attract more visitors |
C.give up playing Santa | D.make their job easier |
A.To show the advantages of working as Santa. | B.To introduce a famous Christmas show. |
C.To compare different situations of Santas. | D.To show the great effects of the virus on Santas. |
A.They interact with children online. | B.They take pictures with children. |
C.They play Santa with safety measures. | D.They keep 1.8 metres from the children. |
A.Health Risk Changes Ways Santas Meet Children |
B.It's Hard for Children to See Santas in Public |
C.Christmas Disappoints Children This Year |
D.Santas Are the Hope in Children's Hearts |
【推荐3】Many of us like to eat out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty (丰盛的), fat-filled dishes and sugary desserts, which are not easily cooked at home.
The recent rise of light meals, however, gives us a smarter choice. According to Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fibre meals have become popular in China’s restaurants and online delivery plat-forms.
The country saw a rapid increase of restaurants concentrating on light meals, from just 600 in 2017 to more than 3,500 in 2018. According to a report published by Meituan, a major online food delivery plat-form, the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year.
Having a light meal, however, doesn’t mean eating only vegetables. Different from the meat-free lifestyle, a typical light dish avoids oily, salty and spicy food. Instead, it contains things like boiled meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Healthy nutrients (营养物) are the theme of the light meal.
These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight. That’s probably why so many people, especially the youths are into them. They see it as “a great way to avoid getting fat,” wrote the Telegraph.
“After eating several light meals, I now prefer light flavours,” Zou Jing, a college teacher in Wuhan, told China Daily. She shared a picture of her lunch: a mixture of beef, eggs, corn, mushrooms and cherry tomatoes.
These changes in eating behaviour are connected to deeper changes in how people think about food, says Walter Willett, chairman of the nutrition department at the Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, US. “Diet quality, not quantity, is important for both weight control and long-term well-being,” Willett told The New York Times.
So the next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal. It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts.
1. What are light meals?A.Fat-filled dishes. | B.Low-calorie and high-fibre meals. |
C.Sugary desserts. | D.Meat free dishes. |
A.Listing numbers. | B.Giving examples. |
C.Giving descriptions. | D.Showing other people’s opinions. |
A.They are usually colourful. |
B.They are simple and convenient. |
C.They can help people control their weight. |
D.They are cheaper than other meals. |
A.Light meals will stay popular for a while. |
B.One’s eating habit shows their personality. |
C.It’s important to eat the right amount of good food. |
D.There is a change in attitude toward healthy eating. |
【推荐1】Flexible, wearable electronics are making their way into everyday use, and their full potential is still to be realized. Soon, this technology could be used for precision medical sensors attached to the skin, designed to perform health monitoring and disease detection. It would be like having a high-tech medical center at your service. Worn routinely, future wearable electronics could potentially detect possible emerging health problems — such as heart disease, cancer-even before obvious signs appear. The device could also do a personalized analysis of the tracked health data while minimizing the need for its wireless transmission (传输).
Such a skin-like device is being developed in a project. Leading the project is Sihong Wang, assistant professor at the University of Chicago. This device would need to collect and process a vast amount of data, well above what even the best smartwatches can do today, and it would have to deal with this data speedily with very low power consumption in a very tiny space. To address that need, the team called upon neuromorphic computing (神经形态计算). This AI technology copies operation of the brain by training on past data sets and learning from experience. Its advantages also include compatibility (兼容性) with stretchable material, lower energy consumption and faster speed than other types of AI.
The other major challenge the team faced was integrating the electronics into a skin-like stretchable material. The key material in any electronic device is a semiconductor. In current rigid electronics used in cell phones and computers, this is normally a solid silicon chip.
Stretchable electronics require that the semiconductor be a highly flexible material that is still able to conduct electricity. The team’s skin-like neuromorphic chip consists of a thin film of a plastic semiconductor combined with stretchable gold nanowire electrodes. Even when stretched to twice its normal size, their device functioned as planned without formation of any breaks.
“While still requiring further development on several fronts, our device could one day be a game changer in which everyone can get their health status in a much more effective and frequent way,” said Wang.
1. What can be inferred about skin-like electronics from paragraph 1?A.More functional uses of the devices are on the way. |
B.They offer medical advice through an online platform. |
C.Accurate disease detection makes the devices popular. |
D.They can transmit a great deal of patient data wirelessly. |
A.Quicker processing and better adaptability. |
B.Better learning ability and greater stability. |
C.Wider use in life and larger storage capacity. |
D.Lower power consumption and easier operation. |
A.The excellent flexibility of the stretchable material. |
B.The unique structure of the skin-like neuromorphic chip. |
C.The application of electronics in cell phones and computers. |
D.The process of replacing silicon chips with neuromorphic ones. |
A.Uncertain. | B.Challenging. |
C.Promising. | D.Profitable. |
【推荐2】Pop music is the name for different forms of popular, commercial (商业) music. It had its beginning in the USA and spread throughout the whole world during the 1950s and 1960s. It is widely liked by the young people. The best known early form of pop music was “rock’ n’ roll”; another was “blues”. A more recent development is “folk-rock”.
Pop music has taken the place of native music in many parts of the world; it has caused the number of people for jazz to become much smaller than it was in the 1950s and earlier, and it has now begun to rule musical stage productions. It’s a big industry. Much pop music is without artistic value, but the work of some pop singers, e.g. the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the groups like Floyd and Crosby, Stills and Nash, is on a higher musical level. And there is still a great interest in it today. Pop music concerts and festivals take place all over the world.
1. Which of the following forms doesn’t belong to pop music _____.A.blues | B.rock’ n’ roll |
C.jazz | D.folk-rock |
A.much greater than | B.much smaller than |
C.as great as | D.as small as |
A.No pop music is on a high musical level. |
B.Much pop music is very artistic. |
C.Pop music is highly artistic. |
D.Not all pop music is without artistic value. |
A.it makes a lot of musical instruments |
B.it is a big musical and commercial business |
C.the pop singers are very hard-working |
D.pop music is on a very high musical level |
【推荐3】A broken heart. A sad ending to a love affair. That’s something most of us have experienced, or probably will. After all, it’s part of human life; needed, at least one time, to become more fully adult. But no question, the experience can be painful, even destructive.
But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness about your life again. It can activate empathy(同理心) and the desire to connect with others — both roads through the prison of heartache and despair.
Sad music can help heal and uplift you from your broken heart.
A recent study from Germany found the emotional impact of listening to sad music is an arousal of feelings of empathy, compassion(同情), and a desire for positive connection with others. That, itself, is psychologically healing. It draws you away from the prison with yourself, and possibly towards helping others in need of comfort.
Another experiment, from the University of Kent, found that when people were experiencing sadness, listening to music that was “beautiful but sad” enhanced their mood. In fact, it did so when the person first consciously embraced their awareness of the situation causing their sadness, and then began listening to the sad music. That is, when they intended that the sad music might help, they found that it did.
These findings link with other studies that show embracing your sad situation emotionally — accepting reality as it is — activates healing and growth beyond it. In short, acknowledging your full experience arouses hope — another seeming paradox. For example, research from Cornell University, described here and published in Psychological Science, found that embracing discomfort about a life experience or new situation, and viewing it as a step towards growth and change, create motivation to find a pathway through it, beyond it. As Churchill famously said, “If you’re going through hell, keep going.” That discomfort points you towards creating a plan, a new action. It fuels hope.
1. Which is NOT the benefit of listening to sad music?A.Making you full of sadness. |
B.Activating your feelings of empathy. |
C.Healing your broken heart. |
D.Giving you a desire to connect with others |
A.By giving examples. |
B.By telling experiences. |
C.By presenting research findings. |
D.By quoting a famous saying. |
A.People who have a broken heart. |
B.People who are suffering great pain. |
C.People who accept their sadness. |
D.People who like beautiful music. |
A.Listening to Music Brightening Your Life |
B.Listening to Sad Music Healing Your Broken Heart |
C.The Power and Beauty of Sad Music |
D.A Study on Listening to Sad Music |