People around the world take celebrating seriously, and many of them are willing to go to great effort and expense to plan and participate in public celebrations.
Exactly when and where human beings began coming together in public to celebrate as a group can date back to hunter-gatherer societies, when success in the never-ending search for food, clothing, and shelter must have aroused the need to celebrate together.
Besides the need for food and survival, there are records of religious parades dating back to 3000 B.C. Parades were also used to demonstrate military power and celebrate military victories; to attract customers to events such as the circus by giving the public a sample of the entertainment; or to celebrate ethnic (民族的) connection and holidays. The New York Times of October 28, 1917, summed it up by saying, “If you take the parades out of history, you have precious little history left.”
Of course, many modern celebrations are not connected to any religion. In the Internet era, electronic communication makes it possible to organize celebrations almost instantly. “Flash mobs” are a new way of gathering and celebrating. Secretly planned online, they bring together tens, hundreds, or thousands of individuals to perform some unusual or funny act in a public place. Flash mobs not only reflect the increased speed of communication but also a lighter attitude to celebration. No longer is public celebrating something necessarily linked to human survival, religion, or deep traditions.
This does not mean, however, that modern celebrations are not socially conscious. One striking image inspiring community spirit is Edwards’ photograph of crowds in Australia, who were gathering in the rain for a music festival to raise funds for wildfire relief. Throughout history, across countries and cultures, celebrations are always worth significant amount of time and money spent planning, preparing, organizing, and carrying out an event. The priority given to celebrating seems to put it alongside food, shelter, love, and freedom as a basic need of humanity.
1. According to the passage, which one of the following events can make celebrations happen?A.A business has made a huge profit. | B.It has been sunny for a week. |
C.Farmers harvest in the autumn. | D.A new museum opens in the city center. |
A.If there is no parade, human history will be more precious. |
B.Students should be taught the importance of parades in history class. |
C.Only parades can be recorded in history books. |
D.Many significant historic moments featured a parade. |
A.Four strangers meet at a concert and then decide to perform together in a public square. |
B.Someone announces openly a series of performances to take place at school. |
C.An online group plans and performs a dance in a crowded train station. |
D.The number of people watching a street performer grows to several hundred. |
A.Why We Celebrate? | B.Celebration and Social Responsibility |
C.Planning a Parade | D.The Origin of Celebration |
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【推荐1】We’ve been celebrating moms for thousands of years. Yet, the origin (起源)of day that belongs to mom actually comes hundreds of years later.
Philadephia,1876, Social activist Ann Jarvis was wishing for someone to honor moms during a Sunday school lesson. Her daughter, Anna Mane, took note.
On May 8 1907, Ann passed away. Anna was sad, but determined to make her mother’s dream come true.
Anna organized the first official celebration of Mother’s Mother Day on May 10 1908. Hundreds attended, but Anna didn’t. Instead, she sent 500 white carnation (康乃馨)flowers to all guests, as well as a letter describing how important the day was. Six years passed and Anna continued her fight for a national holiday.
In 1914, the U. S. President signed a law officially recognizing Mother’s Day as a national holiday. The first national Mother’s Day was held on May 10, 1914. And with that Anna realized her mother’s wishes. Mother's Day soon spread around the world.
But Big business saw the holiday as a chance for big returns. Anna intended for the day to be celebrated with mothers and families, while wearing white carnations. Soon, however, Mother's Day became combined with flowers, candy, cards and other gifts.
Anna spent her later years feeling angry at the corporate machine that had made money by taking advantage of her mother’s dream. She even tried to get the government to drop the holiday completely.
And by 1948, she was completely against Mother’s Day. She died later that year, aged 84. Anna never married, nor did she have any children. All she had was a dream and a wish from her mom.
That dream lives on, though she originally intended, and is still celebrated each year around the world. Commercialization(商业化) ruined the dream for Anna ,but we suppose the feeling behind Mother's Day lives on.
1. When did Mother’s Day become a national holiday?A.In 1907 | B.In 1908 |
C.In 1914. | D.In 1948 |
A.Give flowers to moms. | B.Buy presents for moms. |
C.Make wishes for moms. | D.Wear white carnations. |
A.It’s worth celebrating | B.It’s already out of date |
C.It keeps its original meaning. | D.Its celebration should be stopped |
A.By the order of place | B.By the order of time |
C.By giving examples | D.By raising questions |
【推荐2】The Torch Festival (火把节) is a traditional festival which is celebrated among some ethnic groups in southwestern China, such as the Yi, Bai, Hani, Lisu, and Lahu, etc. It usually falls on the 24th or 25th of June, with three days of celebrations. The festival came from worship (崇拜) of fire by ancestors ( 祖 先 ). For some ethnic groups, it’s a tradition in the festival for elders to share farming experience with young people and educate them about taking care of crops.
During the festival, big torches are made to stand in all villages, with small torches placed in front of the door of each house. When night falls, the torches are lit and the villages are bright. At the same time, people walk around the fields and houses, holding small torches and placing the torches in the field corners. Inside the villages, young people are singing and dancing around the big torches that keep burning throughout the night. Other activities like horse races are also held during the festival.
In a horse race of the Yi people in Yunnan, torches are used to form hurdles for riders to get through. The Hani people in Yunnan traditionally tie fruits to torches with strings. When the strings are broken after the torches are lit, people struggle for the fruits for good luck.
For the Lisu people in Sichuan, the festival is an occasion for holding torch parades. Big torches are carried by teams of people, which is like a fire dragon. If different teams meet, it’s a tradition to exchange the big torches with one another.
1. What can we know about the Torch Festival from the first paragraph?A.It is a festival to show worship of fire. | B.Its celebrations usually last two days. |
C.It is a traditional festival of all China. | D.It has nothing to do with farming. |
A.Why the festival is enjoyed. | B.How the festival is celebrated. |
C.What torches are used for the festival. | D.Where the festival is celebrated. |
A.Small torches are put in front of the door. |
B.Big torches are burnt all day and all night. |
C.Yi people use torches to form hurdles to get through. |
D.Young people like singing and dancing around the big torches. |
A.Struggling for fruits for good luck. | B.Tying fruits to torches with strings. |
C.Holding torch parades. | D.Using torches as hurdles for a horse race. |
【推荐3】Yuletide (圣诞节) Brunch With Dickens
Thursday, December 8, 10:00 am ~ 1:00pm
Join us for a special brunch featuring delicious foods free from much salt and fat, soft beverages, and a special appearance of Gerald Charles Dickens! Reservations and advance payment are required. $30 per person. More information can be found by calling 800-448-3883.
Yuletide Brunch With Santa
December 17 & 18, 9:00 am ~ 2:00 pm
Santa will appear in the morning. $35 per person. Children, ages 2 to 12, half off; children under 2 are free. Members receive 10% discount on parties of up to four. For reservations, call 302-888-4826.
About Glass Matters Wine Seminar and Tasting
Hosted by Riedel, the wine glass company
Wednesday, December 14, 6:30 pm ~ 7:30 pm, Brown Horticulture Learning Center
Join us for a unique and fascinating wine seminar featuring Riedel crystal and delicious wine. Our speaker will demonstrate how the shape of the glass influences our enjoyment of the wine. Price includes comparative tasting of four different wines and four crystal glasses from Riedel’s Veritas Collection to take home (a retail value of $138). The option to purchase more wine glasses sets at special pricing: $80 per member; $90 per nonmember. Purchase tickets online or by calling 800-484-3283. Tickets to this event include admission to Yuletide Jazz & Wine in the Galleries Reception Atrium on that evening.
1. Which phone number could people ring if they want to enjoy some healthy food?A.800-448-3883 | B.302-888-4826 |
C.800-484-3283 | D.800-888-4826 |
A.December 17, 8:00 am. | B.December 18, 1:00 pm. |
C.December 17, 1:00 pm. | D.December 18, 10:00 am. |
A.Enjoy the performance of Santa. |
B.Taste all kinds of different wines. |
C.Appreciate Gerald Charles Dickens. |
D.Learn how glasses influence the taste of the wine. |
【推荐1】In 2018 measles ( 麻疹) infected almost 10 million people around the world and killed 420. Countries that achieved high vaccination(苗接种) rates or had formerly eradicated the disease also failed to have narrow escape .
Fortunately, apart from troublesome measles, many inspirational global health stories happened in the last decade, new viruses, vaccines, and treatments were discovered, once again showing the significance of science.
Huge progress was made in virus research. For instance, a kind of virus named Medusavirus, which can turn an amoeba, a kind of single-celled living creature, into a "stone", was identified by Japanese scientists. The virus has one of the largest and most complicated viral genomes(基因组) that have ever been found. Besides, a new virus, Alongshan virus, was discovered in a group of patients in Inner Mongolia. Researchers also found for the first time that an insect RNA virus, the Providence virus, was able to infect plants and mammalian cells, which indicated that plants could serve as hosts of human viruses.
We also saw improvement in treatments and vaccines. Ebola virus is good case in point. According to the Royal Free Hospital in Britain, the drug MIL77, which had been developed by Academy of Military Medical Sciences, an institution in China, jointly with some other companies, was adopted to treat a Briton infected with the disease and helped her recover from the deadly virus. This has indicated China's capability of offering an economical and practical drug fighting Ebola virus worldwide. Furthermore, the Chinese and British medical research teams have worked on genome sequencing of the virus, making it possible to develop drugs and vaccines that are more effective. Therefore, Ebola is no longer a death sentence.
Thanks to investment in global supervision transnational partnership, and scientific research, many new viruses, vaccines, and treatments were successfully discovered in the last decade. But the journey will continue and much more needs to be done. For example, we need to have a deeper understanding of bow climate change influences the spread of infectious diseases
1. What does the underlined word "eradicated” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Got rid of. | B.Conducted research on | C.Lost control of | D.Come down with. |
A.It is a newly identified virus . | B.It has the largest viral genome |
C.It was discovered in Inner Mongolia. | D.It can infect both plants and humas |
A.MIL77 is an effective Ebola vaccine. |
B.No death will be caused by Ebola virus anymore. |
C.China has made great contributions to fighting Ebola virus. |
D.Genome sequencing of Ebola virus is too complicated to he carried out. |
A.Science keeps improving global health | B.A victory over deadly diseases |
C.Global cooperation in fighting viruses | D.Serious global health problems |
【推荐2】English spelling has been changing for over a thousand years and the spelling difficulties we have today is the result of many different things that have taken place over this time.
It was a tricky beginning for English spelling. Quite simply, the 23-letter Roman alphabet has never been enough — even Old English (spoken 450-1150) had about 35 sounds, and the number is now even bigger. But the English spelling was and still is based on the Roman alphabet.
More spelling problems came in when the French introduced new spelling rules — their own of course? and not always helpful. Using “c” instead of “s” for words like city was confusing because “c” also sounds “k” in words like cat.
And then printing arrived in the 15th century — and with it more mess (混乱). William Caxton (who set up the printing machines in the first place) liked Dutch spellings and so he introduced the “gh” in ghost and ghastly. Some printers were Europeans and they introduced favourite spellings too from their own languages. Such spelling rules were not helpful either!
One of the biggest problems for English spelling has always been changes in pronunciation. Printing helped to stablise (使……稳定……) the spelling of words, but then some sounds changed their shape? and others even disappeared altogether. Think of those silent letters in words such as walk, through, write, right, know — these were once pronounced.
Many silent letters appeared just because some famous busybodies wanted to make the language look more beautiful. This caused serious mess. Let’s take rhyme as an example. It came from the French word rime. But it was changed to rhyme to give it a nicer look. It was an interesting idea, but hardly helpful for someone trying to spell the word! The 16th and 17th centuries saw many extra letters introduced in this way.
All these events lead to the messy spelling system we have today. But you know, there are in fact over 80% of words spelled according to regular rules.
1. How many letters are there in the Roman alphabet?A.23. | B.26. | C.35. | D.48. |
A.Sit. | B.Cycle. | C.Calm. | D.Knee. |
A.Sound changes. | B.Silent letters. |
C.Borrowed spelling rules. | D.Printing mistakes. |
A.To call for a much simpler spelling. |
B.To tell how to recognize foreign words. |
C.To explain why English spelling is so difficult. |
D.To show how to pronounce difficult words. |
【推荐3】Yellowstone National Park became America's first national park in 1872. The National Park Service was formed 44 years later in 1916.Yellowstone, which is mostly in the state of Wyoming, is considered an example of the success of the National Park System.Humans have been present in Yellowstone for more than 11,000 years.
Yellowstone contains beautiful mountains, deep canyons(峡谷), lakes and rivers.The name Yellowstone comes from the river running through the area. At first known as Rock Yellow River, it became known as the Yellowstone River.
Yellowstone is host to many different species of plants. However, the park is most distinctive because of what lies underneath it. It sits on top of an ancient super volcano, known as The Yellowstone Caldera. The caldera is 48 by 72 kilometers. And it remains an active volcano.
It is believed that the last time the volcano erupted was one half million years ago. The area has had three major eruptions in the last three million years.Experts say it may erupt again in another 1,000 to 10,000 years. But each year, there are thousands of earthquakes at Yellowstone. Most are too small to be felt by people visiting the park.
Yellowstone is filled with the beauty of many hot water springs. hot water and gasses are trapped under the earth. they rush to the surface in the form of hot water and steam. Old Faithful is The most famous one . It erupts about every hour or hour and a half. The eruption can last from one and a half minutes up to 5 minutes. The amount of hot water it expels(排出) in that time can be as much as 31,000 liters or more.
In addition to its beauty and wonder, Yellowstone is an animal sanctuary(保护区). It is home to the largest group of wild animals in the United States. As you travel through the park, you can sometimes see them in their natural habitat and hear their calls .
1. What was Yellowstone named after?A.Rock Yellow River | B.The amazing mountains. |
C.The stones with yellow color | D.The first discovery in wyoming. |
A.The scenery is beautiful. | B.There are a lot of explorers. |
C.It’s home to many plants. | D.Its location is very special. |
A.The earth. | B.Yellowstone. |
C.Old Faithful. | D.The Yellowstone Caldera. |
A.The Yellowstone Caldera has been dead for years. |
B.Yellowstone is a shelter for the protected wildlife. |
C.Big earthquakes happen frequently at Yellowstone. |
D.Yellowstone National Park has attracted visitors for centuries. |