【推荐2】Finding a mask which offers you a high protection level is crucial to filtering (过滤) out any particles for a long time. However, after a few hours, the mask becomes contaminated (污染) by the particles and you need to replace it with a new one. See, you have to get a mask offering active protection in addition to passive filtration.

The first rule of a mask offering you any kind of protection is that it needs to fit well. The mask also needs to be comfortable and allow you to breathe easily for you to be able to keep it on for as many hours as you need.

During long hours of wear, food and dirt may remain on the inside of your mask. All the hours spent in a place with less-than-ideal conditions for human health are wonderful news for bacteria that thrive on food particles and muck left behind on the inside of your mask. This growth opportunity for bacteria could not just be dangerous but could also cause a bad smell. So you’d better have a kind that kills off the smell-causing bacteria, leaving your mask smelling fresh.

You should look for cloth masks that have multiple layers of breathable fabric that is tightly woven, include a robust (结实的) nose wire for you to adjust the mask to the shape of your face and prevent air escaping from around your nose, do not have gaps around the nose or sides of the face and that block out the light if you hold the mask up to a bright light source. It is good for the mask to come with your choice of either head straps or ear straps, both adjustable. It is also good if the mask has different sizes ranging from kids to adults to ensure everyone stays protected.

1. What is most important about a mask according to the first paragraph?

A．Offering passive filtration.

B．Offering active protection.

C．Working for long hours.

D．Filtering out all particles.

2. Why should a mask have a robust nose wire?

A．To shape your face.

B．To block out the light.

C．To offer different sizes ranging from kids to adults.

D．For you to adjust the shape and prevent air escaping.

3. Which of the following can’t be adjusted?

A．The size.	B．The ear strap.
C．The nose wire.	D．The head strap.

4. Whom is the passage intended for?

A．Kids.	B．Doctors.
C．Citizens.	D．Mask makers.

【推荐1】It's a scene so common: Coffee shops are filled with customers who seem more absorbed in their study or work than in their drinks. The coffee shop has become a popular place for modern-day students and workers. It's less boring than the library, and yet it is still filled with the same energy as a school.

There might be a good reason why students are drawn to social spaces like coffee shops for study. A recent study conducted by researchers in Belgium indicates that productivity may increase in coffee shops.

As part of the study, about 40 participants were placed side-by-side in pairs and asked to undergo（经历）reaction-time tests. Each participant sat in front of a computer screen, which flashed different colored squares. The goal for each person was to hit the key on the keyboard that corresponded with each square. Though each participant worked separately, they were affected by how hard their neighbor was working. The researchers varied the difficulty levels of each person's test, and they found that if they paired a person working on a medium-difficult test with someone taking a very difficult test, the first person would work harder. Not only that, but the first person's accuracy would also improve.

"It seems like noticing that their partner is working hard motivated people to work hard too," a researcher explained. But the researchers couldn't exactly explain why. "One possibility is that the hard workers' body position got noticeably more tense. So next time you enter a coffee shop to study or work, sitting next to customers who are obviously in the zone may be a wise choice."

1. Why do students prefer to study in coffee shops rather than in libraries?

A．They can enjoy drinks while studying.

B．It's less boring for them to study in a library.

C．They can conduct their academic researches.

D．Coffee shops have a better atmosphere.

2. How would a participant be affected by a neighbor doing a more difficult test?

A．He would work less hard.	B．He would possibly give up.
C．He would achieve better results.	D．He would change the difficulty level.

3. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Further research will be done in the future.

B．Sit next to a hard worker if you want to study.

C．Customers should sit tensely in a coffee shop.

D．The researchers have fully explained the result.

【推荐2】At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.

Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.

The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.

The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.

Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.

Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning-running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but it’s certainly worth trying.

1. Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph?

A．To make comparisons.	B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument.	D．To provide examples.

2. What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity?

A．Plain laziness.

B．Health problems.

C．Lack of time.

D．Security concerns.

3. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?

A．She can get relaxed after work.	B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son’s study.	D．She can know her son better.

4. What should parents do if they walk along school-bus routes with their children?

A．They should make plans.	B．They should buy running shoes.
C．They should make lunches the night before.	D．They should take umbrellas.

【推荐3】Those who don’t live in cities often complain about or feel surprised at the fact that strangers don’t talk to each other in urban public places. They feel sorry about the way we seem to increasingly get lost in mobile devices, seemingly oblivious to what’s going on around us. But sociologists recognize that the space we give each other in the urban places serves an important social function.

Well known sociologist Erving Goffman developed the concept of “civil inattention” in his book Behavior in Public Places. Far from ignoring those around us, Goffman proved through years of studying people in public that what we’re actually doing is pretending to be unaware of what others are doing around us, therefore providing them a sense of privacy, as they do the same for us. Goffman proved in his research that civil inattention typically involves at first a mirror form of social interaction, like very brief eye contact, the exchange of head nods, or weak smiles. Following that, both parties then typically shin their eyes from the other party.

Goffman theorized that what we achieve, socially speaking, with this kind of interaction, is mutual (相互的) recognition that the other present causes no threat to our security, and we both agree, tacitly (默契地), to let the other alone to do as they please. When we provide civil inattention to others, we effectively approve their behavior. Sometimes, we use civil inattention to save face when we’ve done something we feel embarrassed by, or to help manage the embarrassment that another might feel if we witness them trip, or drop something.

Civil inattention is thus not a problem, but an important part of maintaining social order in public. For this reason, problems arise when this norm (规范) is broken. Because we expect it from others and see it as normal behavior, we may feel threatened by someone who doesn’t give it to us. This is why women feel, threatened by those who catcall (发嘘声) to them, and why for some men, simply being stared at by another is enough to cause a physical fight.

1. How does the author begin this text?

A．By giving people a warning.

B．By comparing some people’s feelings.

C．By describing a way of socializing.

D．By giving a problem with technology.

2. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?

A．unaware of

B．unsure about

C．tired of

D．curious about

3. What do we actually mean when we look away from a stranger, according to Goffman?

A．We are ignoring him on a rude basis.

B．We are showing our respect for others’ privacy.

C．We are protecting ourselves from physical attacks.

D．We are worrying that we could lose belongings.

4. What can be learned from the text about civil inattention?

A．Civil inattention has positive effects on social interaction.

B．Civil inattention helps save face when we’ve done something wrong.

C．Civil inattention is unlinked to social interaction according to Goffman.

D．Civil inattention is a type of normal behavior which we may feel threatened.