A big sandstorm hit northern China several months ago. It covered many cities with thick clouds of yellow dust (尘土).
The storm, which came from Mongolia, was the largest sandstorm in China in the past 10 years. Many flights and classes were canceled (取消) because the visibility (能见度) was lower than 500 meters.
The storm was the result of warm and dry weather in the area, together with the strong winds from Mongolia. “There has been little rainfall so far this spring and the temperature is rising. So now it is a worrying time for sandstorms,” said an expert from Beijing.
In recent years, sandstorms haven’t been as common in northern China as before. The land with desertification (沙漠化) has been falling by 7, 585 km per year in China, and the area of sandy land has been decreasing by 1, 284 km a year. This is thanks to China’s Three-North Shelter Forest Program (TNSFP, 三北防护林工程) which started in the 1970s. Millions of trees have been planted in northern China to prevent sandstorms and protect the environment.
Besides, China has a color-graded weather warning system (预警系统) for sandstorms, with red meaning the most serious, followed by orange and yellow. Therefore, people would have time to get prepared for the sandstorm.
Sandstorm visibility < 1 kilometer
Severe (严重的) sandstorm visibility < 500 meters
Super severe sandstorm visibility < 50 meters
1. What caused (造成) the sandstorm from Mongolia?
A.Cold and wet weather, together with the strong winds. |
B.Cold but sunny weather. |
C.Warm, wet weather and the strong winds. |
D.Warm, dry weather and the strong winds. |
A.In the 1970s. | B.In the 1980s. | C.In the 1960s. | D.In the 1990s. |
A.Red. | B.Orange. | C.Yellow. | D.Blue |
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【推荐1】In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common.
It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree. He died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world.
If you are indoors during a thunderstorm:
·Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it.
·Don’t stand near the windows.
·Don’t take a shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water.
·Never use the phone.
If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors:
·
·Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.
·Never use a cell phone.
A.Actually, many people are killed by lightning every year |
B.Try to get home as soon as possible |
C.Since they happen often, some people don’t take them seriously |
D.Go into a nearby building or car right away |
E.Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you |
F.But it is very important for us to learn about lightning |
G.Fortunately, you can reduce those chances by following these safety rules |
【推荐2】This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, this is the most casualties (伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.
Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. “The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia’s fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausfather added on Friday.
Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).
1. What are the numbers about in Paragraph 1?A.The causes of Australian fires. | B.The severe consequences of Australian fires. |
C.The damaged areas of Australian fires. | D.The residence destruction of Australian fires. |
A.Very quickly to adapt to. | B.Very seriously to focus on. |
C.Very easily to be protected against. | D.Very likely to be influenced by. |
A.Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading. |
B.Longer dry weather contributes to global warming. |
C.The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising. |
D.Global warming is the root cause of the bushfires. |
A.To provide some advice about reducing damage. | B.To show the methods for controlling burns. |
C.To predict the seriousness of Australian fires. | D.To stress the effects of Australian fires. |
【推荐3】The cotton harvest is about to get underway in the Texas High Plains, the windswept region that grows most of the crop in the nation’s top cotton-producing state. But Barry Evans, a third-generation cotton grower, has already walked away from more than 2,000 acres (英亩) of his bone-dry fields. “It just didn’t come up. We hardly had anything,” said Evans.
Extreme heat and a lack of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the U.S., which produces about 35% of the world’s crop. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecast that more than 40% of what U.S. farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought. Nowhere is this more apparent than the flat, dry stretch of Texas. The USDA says Texas cotton farmers are likely to abandon nearly 70% of their spring planting. That has been the worst harvest since 2009.
The region normally receives around 18 to 20 inches of rain per year, but saw less than three inches of rain from August through the summer, as nearly all of Texas baked under drought. Much of the cotton grown in the region needs rain. Even those with irrigated (灌溉的) fields are expecting low yields (产量) this year.
The losses in cotton could cost the Texas High Plains $1.2 billion after farmers receive federal (联邦的) crop insurance payments, estimates Darren Hudson, director of the International Center for Agricultural Competitiveness at Texas Tech University. That leaves out others who depend on the crop, such as cotton gins (轧棉机) and storehouses. “Any time you have a bad year in cotton, it has a role to play in the overall economy,” Hudson said.
Fortunately, most cotton farmers in this part of Texas plan to use cotton seed varieties that can resist drought. Varieties are continuously developed and will be adjusted to generate high yields if dry conditions continue. “Even though it’s drought resistant,” Hudson added, “we still have to have a little bit of help from Mother Nature.”
1. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The impact of extreme weather on U.S. farmers. |
B.The world’s cotton distribution. |
C.USDA’s measures to address drought. |
D.The amount of U.S. cotton harvest in 2009. |
A.Texas is unfriendly to cotton farmers. | B.Cotton is vital to the American economy. |
C.Farmers depend much on Mother Nature. | D.Cotton gins are unaffected by cotton losses. |
A.Build effective irrigation systems. | B.Apply for federal crop insurance. |
C.Switch to growing a different crop. | D.Use further improved cotton seeds. |
A.Drought pushes cotton prices to a new high. | B.The world’s cotton supply keeps falling. |
C.Texas cotton takes a hit during drought. | D.Drought impacts the quality of cotton. |
【推荐1】We eat plants and juice them, and now it seems we can mine them too!
After a successful experiment on the island of Borneo, the botany professor Alan Baker and a group of researchers want to introduce phytomining (harvesting minerals from plants) as a better and partial substitute (代替物) for traditional mining.
Phytomining means collecting metals from live plants. However, this can only be done with a group of plants known as “hyperaccumulators (超富集植物)”. There are around 700 identified types worldwide, and what makes these hyperaccumulators special is that they naturally attract and absorb minerals through their roots — metals poisonous to other plants — and then store huge and pure concentrations of these minerals in their bodies. The metals can then be extracted from the plants’ sap (汁), oil, or sometimes even live tissue.
Baker and his colleagues see a lot of potential in phytomining. Not only can it help meet the growing global demand for metals, but it is a way of reducing some of that damage to the environment caused by traditional mining.
One of the biggest problems with traditional mining is that it pollutes the surrounding area. Phytomining can extract metal waste, plus planting the hyperaccumulators would regrow the deforested areas caused by mining operations. Aside from this, if phytomining is able to replace part of traditional mining, then there will be fewer instances of bad mining practices like abandoned mines, which pollute the nearby waters. Also, since phytomining provides metals that are already naturally pure, there is no need to use huge amounts of energy to purify them.
Phytomining has its drawbacks. Harvesting plants on a large scale is expensive today, compared to traditional mining. Besides, plants can be wiped out by diseases or unexpected weather conditions.
However, there are many reasons to consider phytomining. After all, we need to make sure that our planet can exist persistently and sustainable practices like phytomining give us the hope that our advancement doesn’t mean sacrificing Mother Earth.
1. What makes hyperaccumulators different from other plants?A.The sap poisonous to other plants. |
B.The oil extracted from live plant tissue. |
C.The ability to take in and store minerals. |
D.The concentrations of minerals in their bodies. |
A.It can stop deforestation. |
B.It can’t be destroyed by diseases. |
C.It may reduce the deserted mines. |
D.It uses clean energy to purify metals. |
A.Pessimistic. | B.Supportive. |
C.Indifferent. | D.Skeptical. |
A.Metals From Plants. |
B.Benefits of Phytomining. |
C.The Future of Phytomining. |
D.What Are Hyperaccumulators? |
【推荐2】Here’re some of the excellent inventions in 2023. Which one do you like most?
Whiter Paint
The paint on a white building reflects 80 to 90% of the sunlight that strikes it. The rest of the light warms the surrounding area, raising air-conditioning bills. But the Whiter Paint is made of chemicals that better reflect UV rays. It reflects up to 98% of the sunlight, which could reduce AC use by 40%. “The heat is reflected into deep space,” says Xiulin Ruan, who led the Purdue University team that created the paint.
Duolingo app
Now you can take music lessons on a smartphone, using this app, which uses an on-screen piano to teach basics such as harmony and beat. You learn by interacting with more than 200 popular pieces of music. Just match sounds to notes and play along. “You don’t need natural talent to learn music,” says Karen Chow, who’s a learning scientist at Duolingo.
Model A
Model A, developed by Alef Aeronautics, is a two-seat all-electric vehicle with a flight range of 110 miles. And it looks as if it were made to be parked in a garage. In July, 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration gave Alef permission to take the vehicle on test flights. The company hopes to deliver the first Model A by 2026.
Moonwalkers
They’re actually battery-powered shoes with wheels. They let you walk normally—just faster and more easily. Moonwalkers, made by Shift Robotics, use AI to sense when you’re speeding up or slowing down, and adjust themselves accordingly. With it, you can walk at speeds up to seven miles per hour.
1. What is special about Whiter Paint?A.It powers air conditioners. | B.It warms our buildings. |
C.It absorbs more sunlight. | D.It makes us feel cooler. |
A.Duolingo app. | B.Whiter Paint. |
C.Moonwalkers. | D.Model A. |
A.They can help us live an easier life. |
B.They are supported by AI technology. |
C.They are favored by the disabled. |
D.They were created by college teams. |
【推荐3】An experiment which saw salad seeds sent into space has given hope for the future of growing food on another planet, according to a recently-published study.
The findings have appeared after two kilograms of seeds spent six months on board the International Space Station(ISS)with British European Space Agency(ESA)astronaut, Tim Peake, as part of his Principia mission.
There, the seeds could have absorbed up to 100 times more radiation(辐射)than on Earth while being influenced by the violent shaking from the stresses of space travel.
When the seeds returned to Earth in 2016,600,000 children from schools across Britain took part in an experiment, supported by the UK Space Agency, to plant them and monitor their growth, comparing it to that of seeds that had remained on Earth.
The results showed that, while the space seeds grew more slowly and were more sensitive to ageing, they were still able to survive.
Peake said, “When humans travel to Mars, they will need to find ways to feed themselves, and this research helps us understand some of the biology of seed storage and germination(发芽) which will be important for future space missions.”
The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS)tasked 8,600 schools and groups across Britain to take part in the controlled study, recording their results as a scientist would.
It was part of a project called Rocket Science, led by the RHS Campaign for School Gardening, in partnership with the UK Space Agency.
RHS manager Alana Cama said, “The Rocket Science experiment opened a window into space biology and allowed young people to be at the forefront of creative research.”
“This research project did more than just inspire; it furthered our understanding of the challenges around growing plants in unusual environments and the possibility of growing food on long-term space missions in the future. Inspiring a new generation of botanists and biologists will remain our goal to enrich everyone’s lives through plants.”
1. The findings of the experiment indicate thatA.salad seeds sent into space turned out a failure |
B.astronauts successfully grew salad seeds on Mars |
C.the future of growing plants in space looks bright |
D.the radiation makes it impossible for plants to survive |
A.can grow 100 times larger in size | B.provide enough food for astronauts |
C.stop growing when returning to Earth | D.are more likely to show signs of ageing |
A.update | B.observe | C.protect | D.improve |
A.Growing plants in unusual environments is no longer a challenging task. |
B.A new generation of botanists and biologists takes the lead in the research. |
C.The project inspires the interests of the young generation in creative fields. |
D.The exploration of growing food in space is the central mission in the future. |