Moving forces us to face the extraneous. File cabinets and drawers stuffed to the brim, boxes piled high in the backs of closets — why keep letters and cards that we never re-read? One card with my grandmother’s handwriting should be enough.
An unnerving yet productive strategy is to envision someone dealing with the piles of papers if you suddenly weren’t here. You instantly realize that most of your accumulation will one day be thrown into a recycling bin. The things you are saving as reminders of your past are useless to others. Sure, you may value what you keep, but worth is essentially all in your head.
In a real sense, to throw things away is to prepare to die. This is not a gloomy declaration but rather an enlivening recognition of the freedom that follows when we take ourselves less seriously. It’s the same as looking at a sky full of stars and feeling the relief of being tiny and unimportant. Awareness of the briefness of our time on earth and the impermanence of both our attachments and our sufferings can become a powerful basis for clearing things and emotions alike.
A few years ago, dear friends were called home from work to a big fire. They watched as their house burned to the ground, despite the efforts of several fire crews. Everything material, cherished things, and accumulations were reduced to ashes —clothes, photo albums, furniture, paintings, books, boxes of old letters, the piano.
By nightfall, what they had left were the clothes they had worn that day and the photos they had kept at their workplaces. At first, they felt completely collapsed, but once they emerged from the initial shock and grief, they were sustained by a lot of love from family and friends. They were alive, and this is what really mattered. It is astonishing to discover how little weight our possessions carry in this calculus of true necessity.
1. What does the underlined word “extraneous” mean in Paragraph 1?A.Invaluable. | B.Irrelevant. | C.Suitable. | D.Necessary. |
A.It’s useless. | B.It’s essential. | C.It’s personal. | D.It’s recyclable. |
A.By recognizing the burden of freedom. | B.By letting oneself fade into insignificance. |
C.By being aware of the preciousness of time. | D.By treasuring the attachments and sufferings. |
A.To demonstrate the cruelty of a fire. | B.To stress the weight our possessions carry. |
C.To emphasize the importance of love from friends. | D.To show the insignificance of our possessions. |
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【推荐1】I used to be bad at playing basketball. Gym class in middle school was the worst. I was always the last kid to be picked. The only reason why I was even picked at all was that I was good friends with the best player in the class.
In the eighth grade, I finally decided I was sick and tired of being a scrub. I dedicated that entire summer to getting better. I spent every day playing basketball, practicing for hours in the gym. I remember playing pick-up games with one group of kids until they all eventually got tired and left. Then a whole different group of kids would come in and I’d play with them too.
After months of this devoted routine, something amazing started to happen. People began passing me the ball. They trusted me to take the shot. They even started picking me first to be on their team! The last game of organized basketball I ever played was the culmination of all my hard work. Against a team far more talented than mine, I scored 27 points. We still lost, but I walked away from that game feeling like a total champion.
What I learned from those years of rejection and waiting to be picked was that life really isn’t any different. Most of us spend our lives waiting for opportunities to land in our laps. What’s worse, sometimes we feel entitled to them. And when things don’t go our way—when no one picks us—we find something or someone to blame.
I could have complained when no one wanted me on their team. I could have convinced myself that I deserved to be picked. But I didn’t. Instead, I took matters into my own hands and put in the work to become better.
Should we have our fate controlled by a few people who in most cases don’t even know us? I certainly don’t think so. We have a choice. We can choose to create something meaningful, to move forward with our ideas.
1. What can we know about the author in the first paragraph?A.He was always to be picked. | B.He was picked because of his good friend. |
C.He was once crazy about playing basketball. | D.He used to be really good at playing basketball. |
A.A short person. | B.A superior player. |
C.An important player. | D.An insignificant person. |
A.People still refused to play with him. | B.Now he is good at playing basketball. |
C.He gained people’s trust through his effort. | D.His team was defeated by a more talented one. |
A.To wait for opportunities. | B.To control our fate by ourselves. |
C.To create something meaningful. | D.To have our fate controlled by others. |
【推荐2】On a hot summer day in America a little boy decided to go for a swim in the old swimming hole behind his house. He dived into the cool water, not realizing that as he swam towards the middle of the lake, a crocodile was swimming toward him.
His mother in the house was looking out of the window and saw the two as they got closer and closer. In great fear, she ran toward the water, shouting to her son as loudly as she could. Hearing her voice, the little boy became alarmed and made a U-turn to swim to his mother. It was too late. Just as he reached her, the crocodile reached him. From the shore, the mother grabbed her little boy by the arms just as the crocodile snatched his legs. That began an incredible tug-of-war (拔河) between the two. The crocodile was much stronger than the mother, but the mother was much too passionate to let go. A farmer happened to drive by, heard their screams, raced from his truck, took aim and shot the crocodile.
Remarkably, after weeks and weeks in the hospital, the little boy survived. His legs were extremely scarred by the attack of the animal. And, on his arms, were deep scratches where his mother's fingernails dug into his flesh in her effort to hang on to the son she loved.
The newspaper reporter, who interviewed the boy, asked if he would show him his scars(伤疤). The boy lifted his legs. And then, with obvious pride, he said to the reporter, “But look at my arms. I have great scars on my arms, too. I have them because my Mom wouldn’t let go.”
Never judge another person's scars, because you don't know how they were made.
1. Which of the following is most related to the underlined word “passionate”?A.Anxious. | B.Determined. |
C.Frightened. | D.Courageous. |
A.A farmer. | B.The boy’s mother. |
C.The boy. | D.The boy’s father. |
A.scars always remind people of their past experiences |
B.it’s dangerous to swim alone in the water |
C.the boy also feels painful in his mind |
D.scars do not necessarily mean pain at all times |
A.A Terrible Experience |
B.Women Hold up Half the Sky |
C.Scars of Love |
D.Don't Judge by Appearances |
【推荐3】“How do you explain the fact that even though you were both blind and deaf, you were able to accomplish so much?”Queen Victoria of England asked Helen Keller.
Ms Keller answered,“If it had not been for Anne Sullivan, the name of Helen Keller would have remained unknown.”
In fact,“Little Annie”, as she was called when she was young, was no stranger to hardship. She was almost sightless herself(due to a childhood fever)and was, at one time, diagnosed as hopelessly“insane(精神错乱的)”and locked in the basement of a mental institution. On occasion, Little Annie would even violently attack anyone who came near.
An elderly nurse believed there was hope, and she made it her mission(使命)to show love to the child. She still continued to visit for she believed Little Annie could recover, if she was shown love.
Eventually, doctors noticed a change in the girl.Where they witnessed anger and coldness they noted gentleness and love. They moved her to the upstairs where she continued to improve. Then the day finally came when this seemingly“hopeless”child was released.
Anne Sullivan grew into a young woman with a desire to help others as she, herself, was helped by the kind nurse. It was she who saw the great potential in Helen Keller. She loved her, disciplined(训练)her,played with her and worked with her until the weak candle became a beacon of light to the world. She worked wonders in Helen's life, but it was a loving nurse who first believed in Little Annie and lovingly transformed an uncommunicative child into a compassionate(充满同情心)teacher.
If it had not been for Anne Sullivan, the name of Helen Keller would have remained unknown. But if ithad not been for a kind and devoted nurse, the name of Anne Sullivan would have remained unknown. And so it goes. And how far forward will it lead?
1. When she was young, Little Annie ______________ .A.enjoyed being locked in the basement |
B.complained about her loneliness |
C.showed her friendly attitude to others |
D.suffered from mental illness |
A.Because an efficient way was found by doctors to cure her illness. |
B.Because a nurse who was concerned about her helped her constantly. |
C.Because she was taken good care of by her relatives. |
D.Because the illness was defeated by her own strong will. |
A.She devoted all her time to dealing with everything for Helen Keller. |
B.She promised Helen Keller she would never leave her. |
C.She trained Helen Keller to control her behaviour. |
D.She encouraged Helen Keller to make friends with others. |
A.A caring nurse | B.Chain of love |
C.Without respect without success | D.No pain, no gain |
【推荐1】A study of violinists found that merely good players practised as much as better players, leaving other factors such as quality of education, learning skills and perhaps natural talent to account for the difference.
This finding challenges the 10, 000-hour rule promoted in Malcolm Gladwell’s 1993 study of violinists and pianists. Gladwell states that enough practice will make an expert of anyone. “The idea has been popular and entrenched in our culture for years. It’s not an idiom but an overstatement,” said Brooke Macnamara, the lead author. “When it comes to human skill, a complex combination of environmental factors and genetic factors explains the performance differences across people.”
Macnamara and her colleagues set out to repeat part of the 1993 study to see whether they reached the same conclusion. They interviewed three groups of 13 violinists regarded as best, good, or less accomplished about their practice habits, before having them complete daily diaries of their activities over a week. While the less skillful violinists reached an average of about 6,000 hours of practice by the age of 20, there was little to separate the good from the best, with each reaching an average of about 11,000 hours. In all, the number of hours spent practising accounted for about a quarter of the skill difference across the three groups.
Macnamara believes practice is less of a driver. “Once you get to the highly skilled groups, practice stops accounting for the difference. Everyone has practised a lot and other factors are at play in determining who goes on to a higher level,” she said. “The factors depend on the skill being learned: in chess it could be intelligence or working memory; in sport it may be how efficiently a person uses oxygen. To complicate matters further, one factor can drive another. Children who enjoy playing the violin, for example, may be happy to practise because they do not see it as a trouble.”
The authors of the 1993 study are unimpressed. Macnamara said it was important for people to understand the limits of practice, though. “Practice makes you better than you were yesterday, most of the time,” she said. “But it might not make you better than your neighhour or the other kid in your violin class.”
1. What does the underlined word “entrenched” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Rooted. | B.Advanced. | C.Changed. | D.Unconfirmed. |
A.It convinced Malcolm Gladwell. | B.It involved violinists and pianists. |
C.Its process was similar to the 1993 study. | D.Its result is consistent with the 1993 study. |
A.Practicing for 11,000 hours is their main driver. |
B.They enjoy keeping diaries about their progress. |
C.Environmental factors have little relation to their success. |
D.More practice makes little difference to their further progress. |
A.What makes an expert? | B.Does practice make perfect? |
C.The early bird catches the worm | D.Enthusiasm is the key to success |
【推荐2】We spend a third of our adult lives working and another big part preparing for our careers. Historically, work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose. During the vast majority of our 300, 000-year human evolution(进化), work was in fact pretty simple. We worked to eat and avoid being eaten. Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else, like spirituality, art, religion, or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful-is a rather modern, if not postmodern, invention. Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see a worker who returned from a typical workday at a factory complain to their folks that they didn’t earn much or they were worn out and rare to see that they complain they didn’t experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly, the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice. Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago. His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work role. Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day, without bringing their whole self to work. Work is just not a core aspect of their identity, and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother, husband, American, Christian, captain of the local soccer team, etc.
Others, however, have very low psychological distance with their work role, seeing it as essentially intertwined(交融的) with who they are. They don’t just come to work, they are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs. They are, it seems, almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.
1. Why did we spend much of our adult lives working?A.To prepare for future careers. | B.To find the water sources. |
C.To help us evolve. | D.To make us survive. |
A.To help us find meaning at work. | B.To prove that the idea was modern. |
C.To show us the bad old days. | D.To complain about the experience. |
A.Employees have different understandings about their work role. |
B.Every employee must bring their whole self to work. |
C.To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea. |
D.Workers’ core identity is built on art categories. |
A.Those who see work as a job. |
B.Those who identify with their work role. |
C.Those who are fully devoted to their work. |
D.Those who possess experience. |
【推荐3】Everyone dreams of pleasure, but few know how to obtain it and at what cost. Surprisingly, some of the most useful tips come not from modern psychology but from a 2,000-year-old Greek philosopher, Epicurus.
Yes, he dreamed of a life of pleasure but not as we typically think of the word. For Epicurus, pleasure consisted not of a presence of anything but an absence—a complete lack of anxiety. “It is better for you to lie upon a bed of straw and be free of fear, than to have a huge palace yet be troubled in mind,” he said.
We now live in a golden age of pleasure. So many options lie just a click away: delicious food, better smartphones and nicer cars…
“Such things are traps,” Epicurus would say. “Beyond a certain point, pleasure cannot be increased—just as a bright sky cannot get any brighter—but only varied. The new smartphones or cars represent pleasure varied, not increased. That is why the new car that thrilled you on the test drive bores you after a month on the road. Yet our entire consumer culture is based on the assumption that pleasure varied equals pleasure increased. It leads to needless unhappiness.”
Epicurus also thought a lot about a question we have ignored very often: How much is enough? “Live a natural life and welcome whatever goodness comes its way. Don’t grow dependent on unnatural pleasures since each of them comes with hidden costs-not only monetary but also psychological,” Epicurus would say. “Don’t live beyond your natural needs. Nature has made the necessary desires easy to satisfy and the unnecessary ones difficult. Bananas grow on trees. Expensive cars don’t. Natural desire will guide us toward the highest pleasures and away from the unnecessary ones.”
Friendship, Epicurus thought, is life’s greatest pleasure, especially during mealtimes. “To eat and drink alone is to devour like the lion and the wolf,” he said. “The meal does not have to be good. With the right mindset, and in the right company, even a simple pot of cheese will turn out to be a feast.”
1. What did Epicurus consider important for a happy life?A.A lot of money. | B.Ambition for a palace. |
C.Equal opportunities | D.Freedom from anxiety. |
A.Types of consumer goods. | B.Rich choices in our age. |
C.Traps of consumer culture. | D.Convenience in modern life. |
A.The unnatural pleasure. | B.The natural need. |
C.The unnecessary desire. | D.The highest happiness. |
A.He enjoyed exchanging ideas with his friends. |
B.His followers would like unaffordable foods. |
C.He avoided having dinner with other people. |
D.His lifestyle was very popular in ancient Greece. |