I began writing poems fifteen years ago while I was in college. One day I was in the library, working on a term paper, when I came across a book of contemporary poetry. I don’t remember the title of the book or any of the titles of the poems except one: “Frankenstein’s Daughter.” The poem was wild, almost rude, and nothing like the rhyme-and-meter poetry I had read in high school. I had always thought that poetry was flowery writing about sunsets and walks on the beach, but that library book contained direct and sometimes shocking poetry about dogs, junked cars, rundown houses, and TVs. I checked the book out, curious to read more.
Soon afterward, I started filling a notebook with my own poems. At first I was scared, partly because my poetry teacher, to whom this book is written for, was a serious and strict man who could see the errors in my poems. Also, I realized the seriousness of my devotion. I gave up geography to study poetry, which a good many friends said offered no future. I ignored them because I liked working with words, using them to reconstruct the past, which has always been a source of poetry for me.
When I first studied poetry, I was single-minded. I woke to poetry and went to bed with poetry. I memorized poems, read English poets because I was told they would help shape my poems, and read classical Chinese poetry because I was told that it would add clarity to my work. But I was most taken by the Spanish and Latin American poets, particularly Pablo Neruda. My favorites of his were the odes ― long, short-lined poems celebrating common things like tomatoes, socks and scissors. I felt joyful when I read these odes, and when I began to write my own poems, I tried to remain faithful to the common things of my childhood — dogs, alleys (小巷), my baseball mitt (手套) and the fruit of the valley, especially the orange. I wanted to give these things life, to write so well that my poems would express their beauty.
I also admired our own country’s poetry. I saw that our poets often wrote about places where they grew up or places that impressed them deeply. James Wright wrote about Ohio and West Virginia, Philip Levine about Detroit, Gary Snyder about the Sierra Nevadas and about Japan, where for years he studied Zen Buddhism (禅宗佛教). I decided to write about the San Joaquin Valley, where my hometown, Fresno, is located. Some of my poems are absolute observations and images of nature — the orange yards, the Kings River, the Sequoias (红杉). I fell in love with the valley, both its ugliness and its beauty, and quietly wrote poems about it to share with others.
1. What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The author’s experiences with poetry. |
B.The author’s method of writing poetry. |
C.The author’s appreciation of poetry. |
D.The author’s interest in studying poetry. |
A.“Frankenstein’s Daughter” was a flowery poetry |
B.the author was able to memorize most poems he read |
C.the author began to get in contact with poetry of different styles |
D.the author was curious to read more of rhyme-and-meter poetry |
A.Moving love stories in history. |
B.Observations of classical poems. |
C.True feelings of human friendship. |
D.Appreciation of wild valley flowers. |
A.The author’s friends all encouraged him to give up geography to poetry. |
B.The author became devoted to poetry because of his teacher’s strictness. |
C.The author loved to find sources of poetry from nature and from the past. |
D.Spanish and Latin American poems influenced the author as much as Chinese ones. |
相似题推荐
Going to extremes
James Kevin recently jumped out of a plane over a mountain, and then snow boarded down it.
One popular theory is that extreme sports have evolved as a reaction to our increasingly safe lifestyles. In the past, just staying alive and finding enough food to eat was a daily challenge but now in most developed countries, that is no longer the case.
Another theory argues that extreme sports attract adrenaline junkies.
However, for psychologist Eric Brymer, neither of these theories is accurate. Having interviewed many extreme sports men and women, he doesn’t believe they are thrill-seekers who risk their lives for an adrenaline high, or people who find modern life too safe so feel the need to take risks.
It seems that extreme sports participants may have been given a bad press. Whichever theory you believe, you may be able to benefit from some extreme sports. They aren’t all as dangerous as base jumping. So why not give one a go?
A.Critics say that these foolhardy people endanger themselves and others and should therefore have to pay for their own treatment. |
B.These are people who do them for the danger, because they get an adrenaline rush and feel a “high” when they participate. |
C.Last year he tried base jumping and whitewater kayaking. |
D.Not everyone enjoys the thrill of extreme sports-- for some people that are a terrifying experience. |
E.In contrast, his research shows that for participants risk-taking doesn’t come into it at all. |
F.As a result, some people feel that need to experience the thrill of risk-taking to counteract this. |
【推荐2】A recent study points out a so-called “gender-equality paradox(性别平等悖论)”: there are more women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) in countries with lower gender equality. Why do women make up 40 percent of engineering majors in Jordan, but only 34 percent in Sweden and 19 percent in the U.S.? The researchers suggest that women are just less interested in STEM, and when liberal Western countries let them choose freely, they freely choose different fields.
We disagree.
From cradle to classroom, a wealth of research shows that the environment has a major influence on girls’ interest and ability in math and science. Early in school, teachers, unconscious prejudice push girls away from STEM. By their preteen years, girls outperform boys in science class and report equal interest in the subject, but parents think that science is harder and less interesting for their daughters than their sons, and these misunderstandings predict their children’s career choices.
Later in life, women get less credit than men for the same math performance. When female STEM majors write to potential PhD advisors, they are less likely to get a response. When STEM professors review applications for research positions, they are less likely to hire “Jennifer” than “John,” even when both applications are otherwise identical—and if they do hire “Jennifer,” they pay her $4,000 less.
These findings make it clear that women in Western countries are not freely expressing their lack of “interest” in STEM. In fact, cultural attitudes and discrimination are shaping women’s interests in a way that is anything but free, even in otherwise free countries.
“Gender-equality paradox” research misses those social factors because it relies on a broad measure of equality called the Gender Gap Index (GGI), which tracks indicators such as wage difference, government representation and health outcomes. These are important markers of progress, but if we want to explain something as complicated as gender representation in STEM, we have to look into people’s heads.
Fortunately, we have ways to do that. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a well-validated tool for measuring how tightly two concepts are tied together in people’s minds. The psychologist Brian Nosek and his colleagues analyzed over 500,000 responses to a version of the IAT that measures mental associations between men/women and science, and compared results from 34 countries. Across the world, people associated science more strongly with men than with women.
But surprisingly, these gendered associations were stronger in supposedly egalitarian (主张平等的) Sweden than they were in the U.S., and the most pro-female scores came from Jordan. We re-analyzed the study’s data and found that the GGI’s assessment of overall gender equality of a country has nothing to do with that country’s scores on the science IAT.
That means the GGI fails to account for cultural attitudes toward women in science and the complicated mix of history and culture that forms those attitudes.
Comparison | A recent study | The author’s idea |
Opinions | “Gender-equality paradox” | The environment including cultural attitudes and discrimination is |
Facts | • Early in school: Girls perform • Later in life: Female STEM majors are more likely to be | |
Tools | It is | IAT |
Findings | Women in liberal Western countries tend to | • The GGFs assessment of overall gender equality is not • The GGI can’t |
【推荐3】When I was very young, I usually watched my grandma throwing out the crusts of the bread that were not fresh for the birds. Not surprisingly, this attracted few birds apart from the odd sparrow or starling. Later on, we discovered packets of "wild bird food" at the local store, which brought in more interesting species. Since then feeding garden birds has come a long way for me. Today, I can enjoy a wide variety of birds.Sometimes I wonder if we might be feeding our garden birds better than our kids.
All this comes at a cost to us of an estimated £200 million a year. But I firmly believe what the scientists from a university said, “Our generosity is having a major effect on the behavior, ecology and even evolution of these familiar species. ” Take the goldfinch for example. When I began birding in the 1960s, this was a fairly rare bird, found along low bushes or in fields with weeds. Today, they can be seen in four out of five gardens.
During the bitter winter of 1890-1891, workers in London gave the small amount of their packed lunches to starving songbirds. And in the 1980s, the British were encouraged to offer food to garden birds. Then, in 2005, came Springwatch, who put paid to the widespread belief that we should only feed garden birds during the winter. In fact, we should provide food all year round: the most crucial time is the early spring, when natural resources are at their lowest.
Some argue with greater reasons that because most birds coming to feeders are the larger, commoner and more aggressive species, they will gain an unfair advantage over the smaller and weaker ones. But this ignores one major benefit of feeding garden birds 一 the way it connects millions of people to the natural world. This is especially important for people who may find it hard to gain access to the wider countryside, including young children and sick, old, disabled people who prefer to stay at home most of time.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?A.The author sets a life goal. | B.The author spreads a family tradition. |
C.The author develops a lasting hobby. | D.The author chooses a promising career. |
A.It is helpful to affect those around. | B.It is worth making the great effort. |
C.It is our duty to protect the ecology. | D.It is valuable to be generous to them. |
A.Come up with. | B.Bring an end to. |
C.Offer evidence for. | D.Express approval of. |
A.It causes fierce survival struggle among species. |
B.It can satisfy the requirements of certain people. |
C.It makes it possible for people to step into nature. |
D.It encourages people to maintain a healthy lifestyle. |
【推荐1】Julia Whelan climbed into the recording room in her home office. In preparation, she had avoided alcohol the night before, had avoided milk since waking at 6 a.m. and had run through the warm-up voice exercises.
Whelan, 38, is the calm, confident female voice behind more than 400 other audiobooks, as well as the narrated versions(叙事版本) of many articles. Once she has taken on a project, she reads through the book once or twice, deciding on themes to highlight when she gets into the recording room by using different tones and accents, and emphasizing certain words. “Narrating a book really is a performance,” she said, “and it can be harder to do than acting, because I can’t use my eyes or facial expressions to convey something to the audience.”
As she spent time subsuming herself in the writing of others, she began to think more about her own creative ambitions. Just before the pandemic, she began “Thank You for Listening,” combining her writing with the experiences she has collected as a narrator.
Writers say that Whelan has helped them understand their own work. “When I listen to Julia read my stories, it sounds like she is calling you over to tell you a great story,” said Nuzzi, whose work has been narrated by Whelan. “When I write now, I try to think like that, that I am calling a reader over to tell him a great story. It has completely changed my approach.” Whelan said that she also learns about her writing when she experiences it as a narrator. “There is something about it that changes when you’re performing it,” she said. “I read the book out loud during every stage of its revisions but it’s different when you sit down and have the microphone in front of you, when I finally am in all the characters and the story comes to life.”
1. Before recording a book, Whelan __________.A.acts out its narrated version |
B.builds up strength through exercise |
C.determines the focus of its subject |
D.varies its emphasized words |
A.dismissing | B.involving | C.maintaining | D.presenting |
A.It enables her to think in readers’ view. |
B.It inspires her to be absorbed in the story. |
C.It provides her with diverse life experiences. |
D.It reminds her to pursue her creative ambition. |
A.Excellent narration is based on convincing stories. |
B.Narrating is a more rewarding ambition than writing. |
C.An influential writer is definitely a wonderful narrator. |
D.Experiences as a narrator can change the writing approach. |
【推荐2】A Florida public school district is defending its decision to add a parental advisory notice to over 100 possibly “unsuitable” books as the new school year begins.
Collier County Public School has added an “advisory, notice to parents” label to physical copies in its library and the district’s online catalog (目录). Each label says, “This Advisory Notice shall serve to inform you that this book has been identified by some community members as unsuitable for students. The decision as to whether this book is suitable shall be the decision of the parents who have the right to oversee their children’s education.”
To ensure that parents control what their children are reading from the media center collection, the school provides parents with directions for entering the online system to view books checked out by their children.
PEN America, a group that tracks book censorship (审查), published a list of all 110 flagged titles. “This alarming development is just the latest in attacks against students’ freedom to read in Florida,” Jonathan Friedman, PEN: America’s director, said in a statement, “Even if reading these books is not technically limited, the labeling of these books risks having a negative influence, making the books hard to sell.”
But Nicole Neily, president of the conservative Parents Defending Education, compared Collier’s advisory notice to rating a movie or video game for mature content. “This is a creative solution to an ongoing issue in society: the library isn’t prohibiting books, but merely providing parents with information so they can make an informed decision,” he said.
Book challenges have intensified in the wake of Florida’s Parental Rights in Education Law. Several states have passed versions of the law, which Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis regarded as a defense of parents’ right to direct their children’s education. He thinks school districts should work with parents and keep the lines of communication open.
1. What’s the purpose of the parental advisory notice?A.To gather advice from parents. |
B.To monitor school daily management. |
C.To warn parents of inappropriate content in books. |
D.To remind parents to attach importance to children’s reading. |
A.Panic among parents. | B.Resistance to paper books. |
C.A decline in the book sales. | D.A fall in students’ reading interest. |
A.Giving away. | B.Caring about. | C.Drawing on. | D.Holding back. |
A.The Growing Book Challenges |
B.The Booklist Unsuitable for Students |
C.School Works with Parents for Students’ Growth |
D.School District Defends Parental Book Advisories |
【推荐3】Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy (盗版) and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and Harper Collins license e-books with most libraries.
Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money. If these people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, book files can be downloaded at home.The files disappear from the device when they are due.
E-lending is not simple, however.There are lots of different and often incompatible (不兼容的) e-book formats, devices and licenses.Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, which secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s global market dominance, as the company can control fees and conditions. Publishers were annoyed when OverDrive cooperated with Amazon. the world’s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon’s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon’s website, where they must use their Amazon account to secure a loan.
According to Pew, an opinion researcher, library users are a perfect market for Amazon. Late last year Amazon introduced its Kindle Owners’ Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month.
Library supporters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their c-books.
So publishers keep adjusting their lending arrangements in search of the right balance.
Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and Harper Collins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 1?A.Several big publishers have sold c-books to libraries. |
B.Most publishers are hesitant to cooperate with libraries. |
C.Libraries are eager to keep strong relationship with publishers. |
D.Libraries and publishers face the same problem of e-books’ piracy. |
A.E-books must be checked out and returned to libraries regularly. |
B.There is no time limit for the book files downloaded on the device. |
C.There are lots of different and incompatible c-book formats available. |
D.Book sales may drop sharply because of convenient electronic borrowing. |
A.Amazon is adopting measures to win more customers. |
B.Over half of Americans are borrowing e-books from libraries. |
C.E-books can be lent at libraries as many times as you like. |
D.OverDrive distributes e-books and audio files to publishers. |
A.The Uncertain Economics of E-lending. |
B.The Hopeful Future of Publishing Business. |
C.The Dull Relationship between Libraries and Publishers. |
D.The Close Cooperation between OverDrive and Amazon. |