【推荐1】Individuals who often read fiction appear to better understand other people, empathize(共鸣) with them and view the world from their perspective. A study found a(an) _______ result in young children: the more stories read to them, the _______ their “theory of mind,” or mental model of other people’s intentions.

“Deep reading” —as _______ to the superficial reading we do on the Web — is an _______ practice, one we should take steps to _______ as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its _______ would put in danger the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as literature that can be _______ only by readers whose brains, quite _______ , have been trained to understand them.

Recent research has demonstrated that deep reading is a _______ experience, different from the mere decoding of words. ________ deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a ________ book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely conducive(有助于) to the deep reading experience. A book’s lack of hyperlinks, for example, ________ the reader from making decisions — Should I click on this link or not? — ________ her to remain fully immersed in the narrative.

The deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are different, both ________ the experience they produce and the ________ they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less ________ and less satisfying, even for the “digital natives” for whom it is so familiar.

When readers are enjoying the experience the most, the ________ of their reading actually slows. The ________ of fast, fluent decoding of words and slow, unhurried progress on the page gives deep readers time to enrich their reading with ________, analysis, and opinions. It gives them time to establish an close relationship with the author, the two of them engaged in an extended ________ like people falling in love.

【推荐2】Probably the number one complaint about reading Shakespeare is that it doesn’t always read like “normal” English. It’s a natural and reasonable ______. Shakespeare wrote for an audience over 400 years ago. Think about how word meanings and expressions change over a relatively short time; four centuries bring with them a lot of______. The Renaissance and England’s emerging status as a sea power ______ the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages. At the same time, there was no real standardization in English. Formal dictionaries and grammar textbooks ______ did not exit, and “proper education focused much more on classical Latin than on colloquial English. Despite this neglect- or perhaps because of it-English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it, of which Shakespeare ______.

So how can a reader today______ that gap between then and now? There are two critical areas to______: word usage and grammar. Once you understand there fundamental concepts, Shakespeare becomes a lot more ______. First and foremost, there have been numerous vocabulary changes in English since Shakespeare was writing. While many words are still recognizable today, others have shifted in their meaning or dropped altogether from usage. ______, when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin (a piercing tool), contumely (verbal abuse), or fardel (a bundle)? Often the context in which a word is used will help you determine its meaning. A good ______ with detailed footnotes will help you, as well as a good dictionary. The main thing is to be aware that even a familiar word from today may be used within a different meaning in Shakespeare’s works. Grammar is where the ______ of Shakespeare English is often most apparent. Parts of speech are frequently ______, such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don’t always ______. Even sentence construction can be ______, with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order. ______ we would say, “John caught the ball”, Shakespeare might treat the same statement with the same meaning as “John the ball caught” or “The ball John caught.”

【推荐3】Many people around the world have seen Danny Boyle’s movie Trainspotting based on Irvine Welsh’s novel of the same name and starring Ewan McGregor, but how many of us can really claim to ______ what train-spotting is all about? Now this is not considered the coolest hobby in town and the word   “train-spotter”, in Britain has become similar in meaning to "geek" or "nerd (蠢货或书呆子),but is this _____ really deserved?

First of all, let’s ______ train-spotting. There are said to be some 100,000 train-spotters in the UK. What do they do? Well, exactly as the title suggests, they spot trains, that is, they stand in train stations, look at the serial numbers of the trains that leave and arrive and write them down. The ______ is to have seen every train in the country.

Being keen on railways and trains is not a _____ hobby and dates back to 1804 when Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive, which pulled a load of ten tons of iron, 70 men and five wagons along a nine-mile stretch of track in two hours. As the number of trains grew and they got faster and faster, so did the interest in them grow. Is this any ______ than people who love cars?

So, what do you need to be a train-spotter? Well, it’s a wonderfully ______ pastime—all you really need is a pen or pencil and a notebook to write down the train numbers. The modern train-spotter may also carry binoculars(望远镜)and a video camera, but for the purists these are _____.

It’s interesting to note that despite the stigma(污名）of train-spotting, there have been famous railway _____ in history, such as the poet WH Auden, the comedian Michael Palin and, of course, Alfred Hitchcock, who was a fan of trains and featured them regularly in his films, especially The 39 Steps. There is evidence, too, that being a train-spotter is not necessarily a(n) _____ British hobby.

One glance at the US train sites should be enough to _____ you that transatlantic train-spotters are alive and well. In America, they try to call rail fans ‘trainfans' and talk of ‘trainfanning’.. Don’t let this _____you—these people are train-spotters and there are a lot of them. Each month, two million pages are visited on the website TrainWeb.org.

So call them ‘nerds' or ‘geeks’, but they are here to stay and this is _____ not a hobby that is violent or dangerous in any way, nor does it cause any kind of damage to the environment. What do you think is healthier—sitting in front of a TV screen and ______ those who do something that doesn’t interest you? Or going out and finding and following your ______whatever that happens to be? I know what I think.