We may be living in the digital age, but reading books is still a big part of growing up. When they’re in primary school, children read books that really challenge them. But once they reach secondary school, the level of difficulty doesn’t change much. Secondary school students tend to read books which are also read by upper primary students. They are not challenging themselves enough.
To discover these trends, I analyzed data collected by Accelerated Reader (AR) software, which asks pupils to check their understanding of the books they’ve chosen to read. The difficulty — which I call “readability”.
I also created two lists of books: one for the books that most secondary pupils had chosen to read, and another for the books they had voted as their favorites. According to the readability, these students’ favorite books tend to be much more advanced than the other books they chose, but they could still understand them. The rest of the books most often chosen by them are quite simple.
You might think that students who read harder books might make more mistakes and understand them less well. But students’ quality of comprehension does not depend on the difficulty of the book, no matter what year of secondary school they’re in. Having an interest is the most obvious factor here — if you like the book, you try hard to really understand it.
As children become teenagers, they listen less to advice from adults and more to advice from kids of their age. So, rather than trying to lecture young people on the benefits of Jane Austen, we should make the nature of the problem clear to them. Students should challenge each other to read more difficult books. Adults could help by setting up noticeboards or organizing social media networks for young people to share their recommendations. And teachers can lend a hand by setting aside time for reading in school. Young people will realize the problems that come when they don’t challenge themselves to read difficult books.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.Children spend little time on after-class reading |
B.Secondary school students seldom read tough books |
C.Children’s reading interest tends to decrease as they grow up |
D.Primary students have difficulty choosing good reading materials |
A.understand children’s different reading styles |
B.show the average time children spend on reading |
C.find out the causes of children’s reading difficulties |
D.make clear the difficulty levels of books read by children |
A.They find some advanced books interesting |
B.They often make mistakes during advanced reading |
C.They prefer to read books recommended by their parents |
D.They can hardly improve their scores on reading comprehension |
A.Basic knowledge |
B.Reading skills |
C.Motivation |
D.Instruction |
A.Designing relatively difficult textbooks is necessary |
B.Improving students’ reading is a shared responsibility |
C.Advanced technology should be used in reading reaching |
D.Students should be encouraged to read more literary works |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】When you decide to lose weight, ideas of boredom and starvation usually come to mind. But they don't have to.
Eat more often.
Out-of-control hunger is a common predictor of overeating. When you go too long without food, you tend to eat more. Instead of starving, feed yourself at least every 3 or 4 hours.
Love what you eat.
When you eat or drink anything, do so slowly, mindfully and without distraction (分心).
What’s the best workout (锻炼) for weight loss? The workout you'll actually do — not the one that was suitable for your friend, or that you heard burned the most calories. If you pick what you think is best, you’re setting yourself up for failure.
Hang with your friends.
Having support is a huge help while working on healthy lifestyle change.
A.Keep your exercise short |
B.Make weight loss a team effort |
C.Stop searching for the best workout |
D.Weight loss can be fun and enjoyable |
E.This will keep your hunger monster(怪物)at bay |
F.By doing so,it will increase your enjoyment |
G.Forget the ''dieting'' rules that make you feel bored |
【推荐2】Reading books is one of the best hobbies. It not only helps you pass your time but also helps you increase your knowledge in a meaningful manner.
● Fall into the habit of borrowing books to read.
This is a very old school practice but still it can be highly effective. When you borrow a book, there is obviously a deadline set.
● Read everywhere.
Keep a book in your bag and read it anywhere you go. This will help you to pass your time in a very productive manner.
●
This can easily be described as a new school technique. You can read out to your brother or sister and this will enable you to finish your book as well as increase the knowledge and understanding of your brother or sister.
● Choose your books very carefully.
A.Therefore, it is necessary to develop the reading habit. |
B.Realize the importance of reading books. |
C.Read out to someone else. |
D.Find an excuse to read every day just by visiting book clubs. |
E.This can encourage you to read it often to finish the book on time. |
F.It doesn’t matter whether you are traveling or are about to sleep. |
G.Yes, life is too short to read a book that doesn’t impress you. |
【推荐3】My mom is one of the least wasteful people I know. She often brings her basket to the market to carry food.
Reuse your containers
A lot of low-waste solutions require buying special containers. But you don’t need to spend money on them.
Save what you can
There are many things in your household you can save before dropping them. Maybe you can repair an old pair of jeans instead of buying a new pair. Or maybe you can cut up old T-shirts into rags (抹布).
Depend less on pre-packaged (包装) foods
Once you start noticing how much rubbish you produce at home, you can start to see places to cut down on rubbish elsewhere. Bring your own reusable fork to a restaurant that uses single-use plastic utensils (餐具). Or ask your local waiter to fill up your glass coffee cup instead of a paper one.
A.You can do much cooking at home |
B.Save part of your meal for the next day |
C.Often, food comes in wasteful packaging |
D.Look for ways to cut waste outside the home |
E.You can also live a low-waste lifestyle like this |
F.You’ll save as much as you can in such a creative way |
G.Instead, figure out a way to reuse the waste you have produced |
【推荐1】Four Books Worth Reading
The Humane Home by Sarah Lozanova
The book contains seven chapters that cover topics like energy efficiency, water conservation, passive solar heating, building materials, air quality, choosing where to live, etc. It contains numerous little projects, from building garden beds to preserving home-grown produce. The book is a quick and easy read, easily finished in an hour or two.
An AImost Zero Waste Life by Megean Weldon
The book offers suggestions for reducing waste in every area of life, from grocery shopping, to beauty routines and clothing. In urging people to choose bamboo toothbrushes and package-free goods, Weldon never mentions a single company. This may be strategic — companies come and go and such references could potentially make the book feel out-of-date — but it could leave the reader still wondering where to start.
The Eco-Hero Handbook by Tessa Wardley
The book addresses the issue of eco-anxiety by devoting a one-page answer to a commonly-asked question and, hopefully, enabling the readers to feel like they can take action. The questions range from “Is my water usage affecting the planet and nature?” to “Which foods are responsible for the worst forest damage?” and so on.
Sustainable Home by Christine Liu
This beautiful book could sit on your coffee table, with its gorgeous minimalist photography. Author Christine Liu is a sustainability blogger whose own home and DIY projects are featured in the book. She goes through all the steps you can take to avoid waste and adopt more eco-friendly practices.
1. Who may be interested in the four books?A.Those who love environmental science. |
B.Those who focus on research about nature. |
C.Those who enjoy an eco-friendly lifestyle. |
D.Those who care about endangered species. |
A.Sarah Lozanova. |
B.Megean Weldon. |
C.Tessa Wardley. |
D.Christine Liu. |
A.The Humane Home. |
B.An Almost Zero Waste Life. |
C.The Eco-Hero Handbook. |
D.Sustainable Home. |
【推荐2】Those accustomed to browsing through thousands of books in large bookstores may find Japan’s Morioka Shoten a little strange. That’s because this tiny bookstore that is located in Ginza,Tokyo sells only a single book at a time.
Opened in May 2015, Morioka Shoten is the brainchild of Yoshiyuki Morioka. He began his career as a bookstore clerk in Tokyo’s Kanda district before branching out to open his own store. It was here while organizing book reading and signing that he realized that customers usually came into the store with one title in mind. Morioka began to wonder if a store could exist by selling multiple copies of just one single book. In November 2014, he partnered with Masamichi Toyama to establish a unique bookstore with the philosophy of “A Single Room with a Single Book”.
The selections that are picked by Morioka change weekly and vary widely to attract customers with different interests. Recent choices include The True Deceiver, an award-winning Swedish novel by Tove Jansson, Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales, and a collection of Karl Blossfeldt’s photography of plants. Morioka has also selected books written by a famous Japanese author Mimei Ogawa.
To highlight his only offering, Morioka often uses clever tricks. For example, when selling a book about flowers, the storekeeper decorated his shop with the ones that had been mentioned in the book. He also encourages authors to hold talks and discussions so they can connect with customers. Morioka says his goal is for the customers to experience being inside a book, not just a bookstore.
Risky as the idea might seem, things appear to be going well. The storekeeper says he has sold over 2,100 books. Things can get better given that his bookstore is becoming increasingly popular not just among the locals but also visitors form other countries.
1. Why is Morioka Shoten unique?A.It is popular with feigners. |
B.It sells books of different topics. |
C.It is decorated with colorful flowers. |
D.It sells various copies of a book in a week. |
A.To introduce his bookstore. |
B.To advocate his philosophy. |
C.To make books better understood. |
D.To help readers make more friends. |
A.Risky | B.Promising. |
C.Unpredictable. | D.Hopeless |
【推荐3】Research has already suggested that opening a book may help improve brain function, reduce stress, and even make us more empathetic. Now, a team led by Joanna Sikora of the Australian National University is looking into the benefits of growing up around a book-filled environment.
The study assessed data from 160,000 adults from 31 countries. Participants filled out surveys which measure proficiency in three categories: literacy, numeracy and information communication technology. Respondents ranging in age from 25 to 65 were asked to estimate how many books were in their house when they were 16.
The surveys showed that the average number of books in participants’ childhood homes was 115, but that number varied widely from country to country. The average library size in Norway was 212 books, for instance; in Turkey, it was 27. However, it seemed that more books in the home were linked to higher proficiency in the areas tested by the survey. The effects were most marked when it came to literacy. Growing up with few books in the home resulted in below-average literacy levels. Being surrounded by 80 books boosted the levels to average, and literacy continued to improve until home libraries reached about 350 books, at which point the literacy rates leveled off.
The new study shows us new implications. For instance, an adult who grew up with hardly any books in their home but went on to obtain a university degree being in comparison to an adult who grew up with a large home library, but only had nine years of schooling, the study found that both of their literacy levels were roughly average. “So, literacy-wise, bookish adolescence makes up for a good deal of educational advantage,” the study authors write.
Further research is needed to determine precisely why exposure to books in childhood cultivates valuable skills later in life, but the study offers further evidence to suggest that reading has a powerful effect on the mind. And the home library size might be important because, as the researchers note, “Children follow parents who read.”
1. What does Joanna Sikora’s research focus on about books?A.Their medical benefits. | B.Their academic advantages. |
C.Their lasting influence. | D.Their mathematical meanings. |
A.Profession. | B.Talent. | C.Achievement. | D.Ability. |
A.To discuss the application of the findings. | B.To offer the evidence to support the findings. |
C.To emphasize the value of the childhood reading. | D.To show the limitations of the adulthood reading. |
A.It helps children follow their parents into reading. |
B.It proves the positive effect that books have on children’s mind. |
C.It reminds the parents that they should read as many books as they can. |
D.It explains why children exposed to books will develop better skills in adulthood. |
【推荐1】The human criterion for perfect vision is 20/20 for reading the standard lines on a Snellen eye chart without any problem. The score is determined by how well you read lines of letters of different sizes from 20 feet away. But being able to read the bottom line on the eye chart does not approximate perfection as far as other species are concerned.
Most birds would consider us very visually handicapped (缺陷)。 The hawk, for instance, has such sharp eyes that it can spot a dime on the sidewalk while perched on top of the Empire State Building. It can make fine visual distinctions because it is blessed with one million cones per square millimeter in its retina (视网膜)。 And in water, humans are farsighted, while the kingfisher, swooping down to spear fish, can see well in both the air and water because it is endowed with two foveae (凹窝)-areas of the eye, consisting mostly of cones, that provide visual distinctions. One fovea permits the bird, while in the air, to scan the water below with one eye at a time. This is called monocular vision. Once it hits the water, the other fovea joins in, allowing the kingfisher to focus both eyes, like binoculars, on its prey at the same time. A frog's vision is distinguished by its ability to perceive things as a constant motion picture. Known as “bug detectors”, a highly developed set of cells in a frog's eyes responds mainly to moving objects. So, it is said that a frog sitting in a field of dead bugs wouldn't see them as food and would starve.
The bee has a“compound”eye,which is used for navigation. It has 15,000 facets that divide what it sees into a pattern of dots, or mosaic. With this kind of vision, the bee sees the sun only as a single dot, a constant point of reference. Thus, the eye is a superb navigational instrument that constantly measures the angle of its line of flight in relation to the sun. A bee's eye also gauges (测量) flight speed. And if that is not enough to leave our 20/20 “perfect vision” paling into insignificance, the bee is capable of seeing something we can't-ultraviolet light. Thus, what humans consider to be “perfect vision” is in fact rather limited when we look at other species.
However, there is still much to be said for the human eye. Of all the mammals, only humans and some primates can enjoy the pleasures of color vision.
1. How is hawk's eyesight better than ours?A.It can identify small items more quickly than we do. |
B.It can see at a longer distance than we do. |
C.It has more cones in the retina than any other species. |
D.It has bigger eyes than we do. |
A.avoid farsightedness |
B.be able to see underwater |
C.move one eye at a time |
D.focus its eyes on the prey |
A.dividing what it sees into thousands of dots |
B.constantly gauging its flying speed |
C.using the sun as a constant point of reference |
D.measuring the angle of the sun |
A.The differences between human eyes and other species' eyes. |
B.The advantages of other species' eyes in comparison with human eyes. |
C.The factors that make other species' eyes better than human eyes. |
D.The standard that determines the "perfect vision" of human eyes. |
【推荐2】From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.
You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem. Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are the perennial (长期的) victims and martyrs. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.
You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.
Everything happens as a result of something. If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
If you associate with positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary, the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks.
In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.
1. People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because they ______.A.are ready to change their minds |
B.are easily affected by windy weather |
C.have the power to face their fate |
D.can’t exercise control over themselves |
A.success is the result of hard work |
B.working hard will lead to success |
C.their failure is only because of bad luck |
D.they don’t make efforts to succeed |
A.Whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes. |
B.Confidence can contribute to success. |
C.Thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind. |
D.Setting our expectations is essential. |
A.the proof of the author’s points |
B.the conclusion of the argument |
C.an introduction to another topic |
D.a comparison between two views |
A.Success Is a Choice |
B.Be Responsible for Our Future |
C.Develop Our Confidence |
D.Success and Self-esteem |
【推荐3】In the rainforest,thousands of species sing and call, forming sound layers so rich that the human mind can be overwhelmed.Drop a hydrophone(水听器)into an ocean and you will hear similar richness, but it is foreign to our air-adapted ears. Hundreds of thousands of other vocal(发声的)wonders ring out across the world. Every vocal species has a distinctive sound and every place on the globe has a vocal character.We live in a world of vocal wonder,yet this richness is being damaged worldwide.
In some places, vocal loss is caused by the destruction of habitats,from destroyed forests to overfished oceans. However, in habitats such as thick rainforests or oceans, sound is the only way for most animals to communicate even over short distances. This communication mating songs, cooperative signals about food, cries that indicate social, status and alarm calls allow complex animal life to boom. Elsewhere, noise is also the problem. Machines pump so much sound into water and air that other species can’t hear one another. The problem of noise is most serious in the oceans, where earthquake exploration, shipping and sonar(声呐)create a deafening sound that is uninhabitable, or nearly so, for many species.
Mankind is also affected by environmental noise, with complaints about noise pollution dating to the very first cities, recorded on clay walls from Babylonia. This noise is no mere inconvenience: It may cause diseases or deaths. The European Environment Agency estimates that environmental noise in Europe causes 12,000 untimely deaths and 48,000 new cases of heart disease per year.
What can be done to address these problems? Perhaps among the scientific studies of trends in vocal loss, activism to advocate (提倡) for justice and policy-making to reduce noise pollution and habitat destruction, we’d better also find space to listen. Just as we go out with friends to hear a concert, might we do the same for the birds in a city park? In this simple act, we might find inspiration and a direct connection to our more than-human neighbors.
1. What’s the main idea of paragraph 2?A.Reasons contributing to noise. |
B.Necessity of protecting nature. |
C.Factors leading to vocal loss. |
D.Significance of sound diversity. |
A.To stress the threat of noise. |
B.To advocate removing noise. |
C.To arouse people’s health awareness. |
D.To criticize the development of cities. |
A.Make practical policies. |
B.Conduct more scientific study. |
C.Seek inspiration from a concert. |
D.Build bonds with other creatures. |
A.Can You Hear What I Hear? |
B.Where Is the Sound Taking Us? |
C.Can You Smell Something in Nature? |
D.How Can We Protect the Environment? |