某研究性学习小组欲测量某种电瓶的电动势和内阻.
(1)用多用表直流电压50 V挡测量每块电池的电动势.测量电池A时,多用电表的指针如图甲所示,其读数为_____ V;测量时多用表的红表笔应该与电池的____ (填“正”或“负”)极相连.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/4/23/1930317006487552/1931709355368448/STEM/fdd82c7ba2ae49cf976fd4a990b841ac.png?resizew=246)
(2)接着小组成员测量电池组的电动势和内电阻中,利用了如下实验器材:电压表,电阻箱(阻值范围0~999.9 );开关、导线若干.
①用笔画代替导线,请将图甲中器材连接成实验电路______ .
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/4/23/1930317006487552/1931709355368448/STEM/9d93f0eff1f04865b9d70c87132b8047.png?resizew=198)
②某同学开始做实验,先把变阻箱阻值调到最大,再接通开关,然后逐次改变电阻箱接入电路的阻值R,读取与R对应的电压表的示数U,并将相应的数据转化为坐标点描绘在U–U/R图中,请将实验电路图中电阻箱和电压表所示的数据转化为坐标点描绘在下图所示的坐标系中(用“+”表示),并画出U–U/R图线,根据实验数据绘出的图线可以得出该电池组电动势的测量值E=____ V,内电阻测量值r=_____ Ω.(保留3位有效数字)
(1)用多用表直流电压50 V挡测量每块电池的电动势.测量电池A时,多用电表的指针如图甲所示,其读数为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/4/23/1930317006487552/1931709355368448/STEM/fdd82c7ba2ae49cf976fd4a990b841ac.png?resizew=246)
(2)接着小组成员测量电池组的电动势和内电阻中,利用了如下实验器材:电压表,电阻箱(阻值范围0~999.9 );开关、导线若干.
①用笔画代替导线,请将图甲中器材连接成实验电路
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/4/23/1930317006487552/1931709355368448/STEM/9d93f0eff1f04865b9d70c87132b8047.png?resizew=198)
②某同学开始做实验,先把变阻箱阻值调到最大,再接通开关,然后逐次改变电阻箱接入电路的阻值R,读取与R对应的电压表的示数U,并将相应的数据转化为坐标点描绘在U–U/R图中,请将实验电路图中电阻箱和电压表所示的数据转化为坐标点描绘在下图所示的坐标系中(用“+”表示),并画出U–U/R图线,根据实验数据绘出的图线可以得出该电池组电动势的测量值E=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/4/23/1930317006487552/1931709355368448/STEM/b102d4d618524635a8b891331b1138c2.png?resizew=168)
2018高三·江苏·专题练习 查看更多[1]
(已下线)2018年高考物理原创押题预测卷02【江苏卷】-物理
更新时间:2018-04-25 19:31:18
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【推荐1】小明为测量“遥控船载蓄电池”的电源电动势和内阻,利用电压表和电阻箱设计了如图甲所示的测量电路。已知该电池的电动势E约为10V,内阻r约为50Ω,且允许通过的最大电流为150mA;电压表量程(0~15V),内阻约2kΩ;R为电阻箱,阻值范围0~9999Ω;R0是定值电阻,起保护电路的作用。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/24/7921b645-1bb9-4704-a5e6-12877d2bb6ef.png?resizew=617)
根据以上所给条件,完成下列各小题:
(1)实验室备有的定值电阻R0有以下几种规格,该实验应选用______ (填入相应的字母)。
A.2Ω B.20Ω C.200Ω D.2002Ω
(2)在图乙中,已正确连接了部分电路,请完成余下的电路连接______ 。
(3)该同学连接好实验电路后,闭合开关S,调整电阻箱的阻值R,读出电压表的示数U;再改变电阻箱阻值,取得多组数据,以
为横坐标,以
为纵坐标,代入数据可画出如图丙所示的图像,对应的函数方程表达式为______ (用所给物理量的字母表示)。
(4)由丙图可得该电源电动势的测量值E测为______ V,内阻测量值r测为______ Ω。(保留两位有效数字)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/24/7921b645-1bb9-4704-a5e6-12877d2bb6ef.png?resizew=617)
根据以上所给条件,完成下列各小题:
(1)实验室备有的定值电阻R0有以下几种规格,该实验应选用
A.2Ω B.20Ω C.200Ω D.2002Ω
(2)在图乙中,已正确连接了部分电路,请完成余下的电路连接
(3)该同学连接好实验电路后,闭合开关S,调整电阻箱的阻值R,读出电压表的示数U;再改变电阻箱阻值,取得多组数据,以
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/42f33b69c68edf5e6a5b2dcad8ef3fb6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3424173db742a4d95adaa12141ead673.png)
(4)由丙图可得该电源电动势的测量值E测为
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【推荐2】某同学采用图甲所示电路测定电阻
的阻值(阻值约为
)以及一节干电池的电动势和内阻(内阻约为
),除待测的电阻和干电池之外,实验室还备有如下器材:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/12/28/2623929863372800/2623991839154176/STEM/7a1bee1a-d5eb-4798-9c28-820a95ef7581.png?resizew=376)
A.电压表V,量程为
、内阻较大;
B.电阻箱
:最大阻值为
;
C.开关、导线若干。
(1)该同学根据图甲所示电路连接实物图后,先闭合
和
,断开
,记录电压表的示数
;然后闭合
和
,断开
,调节电阻箱
,使得电压表的示数仍为
,记录此时
的阻值
,则被测电阻
的阻值为___________ 。
(2)该同学闭合
和
,断开
,通过改变电阻箱的电阻,记录电阻箱的阻值
和对应情况下的电压表的示数
,画出
随
变化的图线如图乙所示,若直线与纵轴的交点坐标为(
)、斜率为
,则干电池的电动势为___________ ,内阻为___________
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/76caa19ec164ba47b2ff45eb4a7a1f87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a09e4f8eaf2cec0f35ba8e2328edc842.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2020/12/28/2623929863372800/2623991839154176/STEM/7a1bee1a-d5eb-4798-9c28-820a95ef7581.png?resizew=376)
A.电压表V,量程为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaf1023c87754df38cf8a591fe1716ea.png)
B.电阻箱
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c41df724fc8981ad2794ad51a3265a26.png)
C.开关、导线若干。
(1)该同学根据图甲所示电路连接实物图后,先闭合
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d43eb0b274e00cbbc4a210da4165042.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/83c2d5971afbff8eca1b9aff5f76f710.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/530f5b63e797195906285c0c03eb9276.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9fd5f9ecb870fedb5b9a608d9ca2f911.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d43eb0b274e00cbbc4a210da4165042.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/530f5b63e797195906285c0c03eb9276.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/83c2d5971afbff8eca1b9aff5f76f710.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9fd5f9ecb870fedb5b9a608d9ca2f911.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2858005b9ae89ae080d83dcc13cf8e81.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
(2)该同学闭合
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d43eb0b274e00cbbc4a210da4165042.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/530f5b63e797195906285c0c03eb9276.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/83c2d5971afbff8eca1b9aff5f76f710.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b52b4f24969673c863b5aff4fb6751ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3424173db742a4d95adaa12141ead673.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc4cdfc40e3ceea825100c49f43d08a6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/da2f93552dbc3290a2069c8c8890f6c6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f0a532e15e232cb4b99a8d4d07c89575.png)
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【推荐3】某实验小组对一个待测电池的电动势E(约
)和内阻r(小于
)进行测量,可用的器材有:一个小量程的电压表(量程为
),定值电阻
,最大阻值为
的电阻箱R,开关S,他们设计如图甲的实验电路。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/23/a38f68ce-a931-4152-a122-1ce3068c53c9.png?resizew=417)
实验方案如下:
(1)在电表安全范围内,闭合开关,改变电阻箱阻值R,记录相应电压表读数U,某次测量时R的读数如图乙,该读数为______
;
(2)处理测量数据获得
图像如图丙,结果表明
与
成线性关系,其斜率为______
(保留3位有效数字);
(3)该小组将图甲中的电压表当成理想电压表,结合图丙可得待测电池的电动势![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c8c10bdae9f0ac76016f1522b2c0237c.png)
______ V(保留2位小数);
(4)该小组发现
与预期相差较大,通过查阅电压表的使用说明书,得知电压表的内阻
,结合图丙计算得![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a10353eb53b3fbac1a0c0734d95f0a0.png)
______ V(保留2位小数),![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/258e40e3883271c3580c1d3c805dcac6.png)
______
(保留1位小数)。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc2b2c17a78210bcee15917ed1101102.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c26611f3be42190e60a40165cfa6af7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/45c50983db0b609499032a6020103b66.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f83d90b28da1e9ee285415fd9c7ce015.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce26ecb8425355391771e5efe3994c43.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/1/23/a38f68ce-a931-4152-a122-1ce3068c53c9.png?resizew=417)
实验方案如下:
(1)在电表安全范围内,闭合开关,改变电阻箱阻值R,记录相应电压表读数U,某次测量时R的读数如图乙,该读数为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cffa35373ec4e4684107b42adb7a5161.png)
(2)处理测量数据获得
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/55777232cc5a4e21a62d2c24a5e66565.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3424173db742a4d95adaa12141ead673.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc4cdfc40e3ceea825100c49f43d08a6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f702734ed89fc08d86d16f3c10e9e6b0.png)
(3)该小组将图甲中的电压表当成理想电压表,结合图丙可得待测电池的电动势
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c8c10bdae9f0ac76016f1522b2c0237c.png)
(4)该小组发现
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d3b1a5427d8ff23df0f3ec194756c84c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/461e3724b4fae53afbbd9ba98e47c276.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a10353eb53b3fbac1a0c0734d95f0a0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/258e40e3883271c3580c1d3c805dcac6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cffa35373ec4e4684107b42adb7a5161.png)
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【推荐1】物理兴趣小组利用图(a)所示电路进行实验。使用的器材有:多用电表,电压表(量程0~5 V),滑动变阻器,导线若干。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/20/9bb202ec-9e82-4b43-abec-c440a4b1b4e6.png?resizew=137)
(1)对多用电表进行机械调零后,将选择开关拨到“×1 k”挡,进行欧姆调零。图(a)中多用电表的红表笔应和________ (选填“1”或“2”)端相连。
(2)调节滑动变阻器的滑片,当其接入电路的阻值为零时,多用电表和电压表的刻度盘上的指针位置分别如图(b)、(c)所示,则电压表读数是________ V,电压表内阻是________ kΩ,可以求出多用电表“×1k”挡内部电源电动势为________ V。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/20/c4b5be7a-7daa-4b89-977b-4c8c0cd5c0ec.png?resizew=290)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/20/f0c09063-663e-4766-898c-57e1ff81dbd7.png?resizew=287)
(3)用此多用电表测电阻,选择“×1”挡测20 Ω的电阻时流过表头的电流为I1,选择“×1”挡测100 Ω的电阻时流过表头的电流为I2,则I1________ (选填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)I2。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/20/9bb202ec-9e82-4b43-abec-c440a4b1b4e6.png?resizew=137)
(1)对多用电表进行机械调零后,将选择开关拨到“×1 k”挡,进行欧姆调零。图(a)中多用电表的红表笔应和
(2)调节滑动变阻器的滑片,当其接入电路的阻值为零时,多用电表和电压表的刻度盘上的指针位置分别如图(b)、(c)所示,则电压表读数是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/20/c4b5be7a-7daa-4b89-977b-4c8c0cd5c0ec.png?resizew=290)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/20/f0c09063-663e-4766-898c-57e1ff81dbd7.png?resizew=287)
(3)用此多用电表测电阻,选择“×1”挡测20 Ω的电阻时流过表头的电流为I1,选择“×1”挡测100 Ω的电阻时流过表头的电流为I2,则I1
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【推荐2】如图甲为简易多用电表的电路图。图中E是电动势为1.5V的干电池;
、
、
、
和
是定值电阻,
是可变电阻;表头G的满偏电流为
,内阻为
,虚线方框内为换挡开关,A端和B端分别与两表笔相连,该多用电表有5个挡位,分别为:直流电压2.5V挡位和10V挡位;直流电流1mA挡位和10mA挡位;欧姆“×100”挡位。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/3/17/bd940b1e-67cb-4ab8-ac39-085b8b324dba.png?resizew=541)
(1)根据题给条件可得![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/afaa29df8b168ce224a634f61ea1ecfb.png)
______
。
(2)某次测量时该多用电表指针位置如图乙所示。此时B端是与“3”相连的,则读数为______ 。
(3)假设表内干电池由于使用时间较长,导致电池的电动势变小,内阻变大,但还能进行欧姆调零。此时测量一定值电阻的阻值,在各项操作都无误的情况下,电阻的测量值______ (填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)电阻的真实值。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a2c4640b2bee411935f588fc5433c74.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98e2599548b7b123f3c8d0b91aacd5de.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/21e68c031d480eb06470a68a3554a3e0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a659adcbae6a55ae95d2829c57bad465.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b12e9680769c17f61f14b0f1ca9bc8c5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85c88a855dd0eb3836cc9f8d4c2fd73f.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/3/17/bd940b1e-67cb-4ab8-ac39-085b8b324dba.png?resizew=541)
(1)根据题给条件可得
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/afaa29df8b168ce224a634f61ea1ecfb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0047f659c182291c84c224df6b5e993f.png)
(2)某次测量时该多用电表指针位置如图乙所示。此时B端是与“3”相连的,则读数为
(3)假设表内干电池由于使用时间较长,导致电池的电动势变小,内阻变大,但还能进行欧姆调零。此时测量一定值电阻的阻值,在各项操作都无误的情况下,电阻的测量值
您最近一年使用:0次
实验题
|
适中
(0.65)
【推荐3】如图所示为多量程多用电表的示意图.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/7/9/1984855573389312/2020051731849216/STEM/c48e1fc5d9ab4f6b8c3291ef73e114bb.png?resizew=135)
当接通1或2时,为______ 挡
填电流、电阻、电压
的量程比2的量程______
填“大”或“小”
.
测量某电阻时,用
挡时,发现指针偏转角度过大,他应该换用______ 挡
填“
”或“
”
,换挡后,在测量前要先进行______ .
该同学要测量多用电表直流“
”挡的内阻
约为
除此多用电表外,还有以下器材:直流电源一个
电动势E为3V,内阻可忽略不计
、电阻一个
阻值R为
、电键一个、导线若干.
要求:
画出实验电路图_________
多用电表用
表示
;
写出
的表达式______
用字母表示,并说明所用字母的物理意义
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/7/9/1984855573389312/2020051731849216/STEM/c48e1fc5d9ab4f6b8c3291ef73e114bb.png?resizew=135)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4141b26d2c32655003494a91ad6331b5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11d71379442f28c038d367d49422cf90.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d229fadfa25eb83793c4de612b36e571.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11d71379442f28c038d367d49422cf90.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/987517758fad59f6f695761deb2a5ebd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/65863c1abad833b79c303bfca24f535c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3d07c50674b4fce86c31af0b039e22b7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11d71379442f28c038d367d49422cf90.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/10883e877e739b9d1ed508c828497482.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6d3c97e9fc67f809480a42b6392d1346.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/987517758fad59f6f695761deb2a5ebd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4bb89a362c1faf4d0c306eabbb59710.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c0157599f263eefdc7c6d83cf26a8b40.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/affb269a890737cea4a2d43f8a17a16a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ea4be2458327a16d1e68d8616aecacd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11d71379442f28c038d367d49422cf90.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/987517758fad59f6f695761deb2a5ebd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11d71379442f28c038d367d49422cf90.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0cffe17d969f96d009189767a4812f88.png)
要求:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/372470aee75717ec33c53c3434eb126d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11d71379442f28c038d367d49422cf90.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/7/9/1984855573389312/2020051731849216/STEM/367ce17ce5a141f3810e6bb439abdd87.png?resizew=21)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/987517758fad59f6f695761deb2a5ebd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c18eca8193d91e13a240dec14be339cc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a31b6c17663d8af301418bc0b91d3ee.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5ce8411079aca57f17d3ead32798f055.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/987517758fad59f6f695761deb2a5ebd.png)
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