Scientists are trying to find out how things affect our feelings. How you feel is controlled by many things, such as your personality, the actions (行动) of others. Maybe you don’t know the weather can affect your feelings as well.
People often say they feel good when the sun is shining and sad when it is cloudy. In fact, sunlight makes us feel good. When sunlight hits our skins, our bodies make vitamin D. Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical. This special chemical affects our brains and makes us feel happy. However, there are long dark winters of little sunlight in Sweden and Norway, so many people in these countries often feel sad. To help the people in these countries feel better, scientists build special “sunrooms” for people to go there and get “sunlight” for an hour or two!
The weather can also affect people’s feelings in other ways. Hot weather can make people angry because they don’t feel comfortable. In the same way, rain can make people angry because people hate to be wet all over. As you can see, the weather can have an effect on the chemicals which control our brains and affect our feelings. Sadly, only the weather can change us, we cannot change the weather.
1. Which of the following statements is true about vitamin D?| A．It is a kind of special food. | B．It makes us worried by affecting our brains. |
| C．It is helpful to our bodies. | D．It is in the sunlight. |
| A．食物 | B．组成成分 | C．化学物质 | D．精神 |
| A．We will feel good when we are in the fine weather. |
| B．We will be happy when we are in the rain. |
| C．All people in Norway and Sweden feel sad in winter. |
| D．The less vitamin D we have, the happier we will be. |
| A．Why we feel sad in winter. | B．Weather influences our feelings. |
| C．The importance of vitamin | D．D. How to deal with bad feelings. |
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【推荐1】Like you and your pet dog, plants are living things: they eat, drink, and grow. Unlike you and your dog, they can’t run away, use fists or teeth, or hide under the covers when they're threatened. But they can fight back.
Why would a plant need to fight back? To avoid being eaten, of course! Plants have several ways of protecting themselves. A plant can grow in a hidden or hard-to-get-to place. Think of plants you’ve seen growing on steep, rocky cliffs （悬崖）. Or, a plant could make only some parts of itself attractive to hungry insects and animals. For instance, if a plant produced really tasty leaves, herbivores （creatures that eat only plants） might eat the leaves instead of the seeds, which the plant needs for making more plants. Some plants have sharp or slippery （滑的）parts that discourage insects and other animals from getting too close, like the thorns （刺）on a rosebush.
But the most interesting way is that plants can produce chemicals. Plants take minerals from the soil and combine them into chemicals that do a lot of work. For example, plants produce chlorophyll （叶绿素）, which helps convert sunshine and water into the sugars that plants eat. They also produce chemicals to help protect themselves. One kind of tobacco plants releases a chemical into the air whenever small bugs begin to eat it. The chemical signals large bugs, saying "Dinner’s ready!" The big bugs come to eat the little ones and save the plant.
Most plants use chemicals in a more direct way against their enemies. In other words, plants make poison.
1. What does the underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 3 mean?| A．Form. | B．Separate. | C．Change. | D．Produce. |
| A．Some plants hide under the covers when faced with threat. |
| B．Some plants produce tasty leaves to protect their seeds. |
| C．A plant grows on rocky cliffs to draw people’s attention. |
| D．Plants produce chemicals to meet the needs of big bugs. |
| A．How plants use poison. | B．Why plants make poison. |
| C．Different kinds of plants. | D．Different kinds of signals. |
| A．Plant enemies | B．Plant self-protection | C．Plant poisons | D．Plant information |
【推荐2】When you hear the word “shapeshifting (变身) ”, you may think of magic in some movies and not the climate (气候) . But that’s what animals are doing to go on living in the world.
A new study suggests that some animals are slowly growing larger beaks (喙) , legs and ears. In this way they can cool themselves down more easily as the earth gets warmer. When we talk about the climate change, we often ask “What can humans do with this?” or “How can we live in the future?”. “But we should know that animals also have to face these changes,” said Sara Ryding, from Deakin University, Australia. “If animals do nothing to keep their normal body temperature, they will die.”
In one example, the beaks of some kinds of Australian parrots (鹦鹉) have grown 4 to 10 percent larger. The study says it has a lot to do with the hotter summer over the years. There are other similar examples. Wood mice have longer tails and bats (蝙蝠) in warm climates have bigger wings.
Although the changes are still small, they could be common as the weather becomes hotter. “Body parts like ears may become bigger, so we might be able to see a real Dumbo (big-eared elephant from a Disney cartoon) in the near future,” Ryding told the reporters.
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。1. Why do animals grow bigger body parts?
| A．To become stronger. | B．To enjoy a better life. | C．To keep normal body temperature. |
| A．2. | B．3. | C．4. |
| A．Changes. | B．Tails. | C．Wings. |
| A．The word “shapeshifting” is only used in some movies. |
| B．Humans can deal with the climate change easily. |
| C．Some Australian parrots have larger beaks than before. |
| A．Why climate changes so much. |
| B．How animals deal with hotter weather. |
| C．When the climate starts to change. |
【推荐3】We often learn that many people, especially women, don’t like the sunshine. They are afraid of getting sunburnt and making their skin deep-colored. But a growing body of scientific research suggests that completely avoiding sunlight isn’t such a good idea. Researchers at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute say that avoiding the sun can be as bad for you as smoking. Here is why you should soak up(吸收)some sunshine every day.
It promotes bone growth. “Vitamin D is a hormone(激素)that promotes calcium absorption and is necessary for bone growth,” tells Dr. Roizen. Since sunlight is a primary source of Vitamin D, the hormone is also called as “the sunshine vitamin”. “The Vitamin D found in our body needs activation. The sun helps to change inactive Vitamin D levels to active,” explains Dr. Roizen. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), getting anywhere from 5 to 15 minutes of sunlight on your arms, hands, and face twice or thrice a week is enough to get the vitamin D.
It is good for your heart. People are more likely to die of heart disease in winter than in summer. According to researchers from Copenhagen University Hospital, those with the lowest levels of vitamin D are 81% more likely to die of heart disease compared with those with the highest levels of the vitamin. Sun exposure cut the risk of heart attack and stroke by reducing blood pressure, according to the research.
It makes you feel happier. “We always feel better when the sun is shining, but is not on rainy or cloudy days.” says Emma Derbyshire, public health nutritionist and spokeswoman for Health and Food Supplements Information Service. The sun works through a number of receptors in the brain to affect our mental status (精神状态). Moderate sunlight exposure helps improve your mood and focus by boosting the serotonin (血清素) levels, which known as the “happiness hormone”. “A test found that safe sun exposure can actually help treat depressive (抑郁的) symptoms,” says Emma.
In addition, a 2017 study published in the Journal of Human Resources found that students who get more sunlight every day perform better in tests. To soak up moderate sunlight every day is important for us. But if you’re going to be outside for more than 15 minutes, it’s a good idea to protect your skin. You can do that by applying sunscreen or wearing a protective hat and shirt can also help.
1. According to the text, women dislike the sunlight because _______.| A．they are afraid of being sunburnt |
| B．the sun is bad for eyes |
| C．it’s more likely to have skin cancer |
| D．they feel unhappy |
| A．sunlight helps improve vitamin D levels in our bodies |
| B．sunlight helps lower your blood pressure levels |
| C．sunlight can produce happy hormone |
| D．sunlight can be bad for us as smoking |
| A．The more we soak up the sunshine, the better. |
| B．Sunlight decreases the risk of depression. |
| C．People feel better in rainy or cloudy days. |
| D．Sunlight helps students get good grades in test. |
| A．To discuss our problems of avoiding sunlight. |
| B．To introduce some ways of enjoying the sunlight. |
| C．To explain why sunlight is good for us. |
| D．To share researchers’ ideas on sunlight. |
