1 . In a large survey of people's first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional, according to findings published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
Current research indicates that people's earliest memories date from around 3 to 3. 5 years of age. However, the study from researchers at City, University of London, the University of Bradford, and Nottingham Trent University found that 38.6% of 6, 641 participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming memories from age 1 or younger. This was particularly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults.
As many of these memories dated before the age of 2 and younger, the authors suggest that these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments(碎片) of early experience—such as a pram(婴儿车)，family relationships and feeling sad—and some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations.
“Further details may be unconsciously inferred or added, e. g. that one was wearing nappy when standing in the cot(幼儿床)," added Shazia Akhatr, first author on the study and Senior Research Associate at the University of Bradford.
“When we looked through the responses from participants we found that a lot of these first 'memories' were frequently related to infancy, and a typical example would be a memory based around a pram," explained Martin Conway, Director at the Centre for Memory and Law at City, University of London and coauthor of the paper.
“For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something like 'mother and a large green pram'. The person then imagines what it would have looked like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top," he added.
"Crucially, the person remembering them doesn't know this is fictional," Conway noted. "In fact when people are told that their memories are false they often don't believe it. This partly due to the fact that the systems that allow us to remember things are very complex, and it's not until we're 5 or 6 that we form adult-like memories due to the way that the brain develops and due to our maturing understanding of the world.
1. What does the underlined word "prevalent" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Unique. | B．Crazy. | C．Common. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Some people have clear knowledge about their own infancy. |
| B．Added details are an important clue to recall the childhood. |
| C．Most people claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. |
| D．Talks between family members influence the earliest memories. |
| A．By making comparison. | B．By setting examples. |
| C．By analyzing data. | D．By referring to documents. |
| A．Many people's earliest memories may be fictional. |
| B．People's earliest memories can date back to 2 or younger. |
| C．The middle-aged and adults specialize in detailing their first memory. |
| D．Memories develop due to our maturing understanding of the world. |
2 . When Kirk Alexander went missing for 11 days, an unlikely savior came to his rescue： his neighborhood pizza store.
Almost every night for more than ten years. Kirk Alexander, 48, of Salem, Oregon ordered a late dinner from his local Domino's pizza store. He had no signature order. Sometimes he would call for a salad, sometimes a pie, sometimes chicken wings. The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino's was that they would see Alexander's name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p. m. and midnight several times a week.
Until suddenly, for nearly two weeks at the end of April 2016, they didn't.
It was a slow Saturday night on May 7th when Domino's general manager Sarah Fuller felt she could no longer ignore Alexander's recent absence.
“I went and looked up to see how long it had been since he last ordered,” Fuller told KATU. com. “It was 11 days, which was not like him at all.”
Fuller knew Alexander worked from home, and neighbors said he rarely left. She also knew that he had suffered some health issues in the past. Something, Fuller worried, was wrong.
Around 1 a. m. on Sunday. May 8, Fuller sent longtime delivery driver Tracey Hamblen to stop in at Alexander's home. Hamblen approached Alexander's door as he had countless times before and knocked. He could plainly see that Alexander's TV set was on, as were his lights; but after several minutes, Alexander still didn't answer the door.
Hamblen rushed back to the store to relay the upsetting developments to Fuller. She encouraged Hamblen to dial 911. Soon, officers were on their way.
When deputies from the Marion County Sheriff's office arrived at Alexander's house, they heard a man “calling for help from inside the residence, deputies said. They broke the door down, and found Alexander on the floor in need of immediate medical attention. One day later, and they might have been too late.
Alexander was rushed to Salem Hospital, where he was listed in stable condition shortly after the dramatic rescue. In the following weeks, Fuller, Hamblen, and other store employees went to visit him with flowers and cards, noting that Alexander greeted them with knowing smiles.
1. How did Fuller sense that something was wrong?| A．She knew Alexander had serious health problems. |
| B．Alexander hadn't ordered chicken wings for nearly 2 weeks. |
| C．Alexander had never before broken his routine in the store for 10 years. |
| D．Alexander had disappeared from the store's ordering system for about 2 weeks. |
| A．Hamblen was fond of knocking at Alexander's door. |
| B．Hamblen was more than an acquaintance to Alexander. |
| C．Every time Hamblen arrived at Alexander's house, he would knock first. |
| D．When Hamblen had enough time in the past, he would go to Alexander's house. |
| A．Life. | B．Technology. | C．Healthy. | D．Entertainment. |
| A．Born in distress, die in peace | B．Details determine success or failure |
| C．Even the wise are not always free from error | D．Better late than never |
3 . The summer before my 10th birthday my father and mother moved our family of nine children to a farm! We had always lived in a small city, in the house my dad bought from my grandparents. But he wanted fresh air, healthy food and lots of room for his children to play. He'd worked multiple jobs at a time and saved for many years…and could finally afford a place in the countryside. Now a minor concern: the house had no running water or electricity. But there were 150 acres to run around in, walk through the woods in, swim a stream in, and otherwise yell, sing and laugh in every day!
That first year my dad put in electricity, because my mom simply announced, “I won't have kerosene lamps with children running around!” Indoor plumbing had to wait another year(an outhouse came with the property). Different friends, who my dad knew from work, asked if he'd take their large dogs who couldn't run free in the city. So we all now played with a big orange-brown boxer and a sporty German Shorthaired Pointer, who we simply named Billy and Molly. Absolutely all our clothes were hand-me-downs, bananas and oranges were “exotic” fruit that we'd see at holidays, and there was ONE birthday party a year! We'd take turns once every 10 years a child would have his/ her own party!
We thought we were rich. My mother was always singing, yelling hugging, or praying. And she told us we were blessed with plenty! To this day, each of my brothers and sisters remember those years as an abundance of chores, laughter, arguing, making peace, and playing together! Every challenge was a game aimed to outwit, and any failure was chance to learn. Money was so scarce, but joy was everywhere.
1. Why did the author's family move to a farm?| A．They had to work on the 150-acre farm. |
| B．They couldn't afford the house in the city. |
| C．They succeeded to a house from grandparents. |
| D．They believed living there was beneficial to them. |
| A．Their life was more comfortable. | B．Their house was short of space. |
| C．Their dogs are quieter than the author's. | D．They greatly envied the author’s father. |
| A．Prepare. | B．Win. | C．Manage. | D．Avoid. |
| A．Simple but happy. | B．Wealthy and cheerful. |
| C．Poor and misery. | D．Rich but disappointed. |
4 . For the past decade, Noutsady has been working with the Power Construction Corporation of China (POWERCHINA) and grown into an experienced and reliable staff member of its Laos' branch company.
Noutsady, born in 1986 in central Laos' hilly Hin Heup District, went to the capital Vientiane alone at the age of 21 to look for a job and go on with her study. In 2009, with sound knowledge of accounting and favorable English communication skills, she stood out from many applicants and became an employee of POWERCHINA's Lao Cement Industry Co., Lid. Noutsady showed her talent and ability soon in the accounting position, completing nearly 200 payments for more than 50 downstream carriers every month, timely and accurately.
Working and spending time together has brought Noutsady and her Chinese colleagues closer. "I feel great with POWERCHINA, and I will try to achieve the same like POWERCHINA to 'keep promises and make promises valuable' and start a new life here," Noutsady told reporters.
When talking about the cement products of the company, Noutsady is full of pride. "We are one of the earliest cement producers in Laos," she said. "From the many hydropower plants around the country to the broad 450th Anniversary Avenue in the capital and the splendid Lao National Convention Center, even many house buildings in my hometown, our cement is used."
In the last decade, the Lao lady has not only seen the development of the cement company, but also set up her own small family. Now, Noutsady lives with her daughter in a comfortable apartment provided by the company. At the end of 2019, she was honored as an outstanding foreign employee of POWERCHINA. "Another new decade has begun and I will value it even more, loving my daughter, loving my life and loving my POWERCHINA," said Noutsady.
1. What does Noutsady do in the company?| A．An interpreter. | B．An accountant. | C．A salesperson. | D．A reporter, |
| A．Worthwhile. | B．Competitive. | C．Challenging. | D．Unique. |
| A．Many power plants have been built in Laos. | B．Laos has changed a lot in the past ten years. |
| C．Noutsady is satisfied with her achievements. | D．Cement of POWERCHINA is popular in Laos. |
| A．A Successful Lao Woman Living in China |
| B．POWERCHINA's Significant Influence on Laos |
| C．Valuable Memories of a Lao Lady Working in China |
| D．Noutsady's 10-year Experience in a Chinese Company |
5 . With over 4. 1 billion people, or around 55 percent of the world’s population, living in urban areas, cities and towns worldwide are getting increasingly congested. In addition to spending many hours stuck in traffic, residents are also exposed to high air pollution levels caused by transportation emissions. Now, Saudi Arabia hopes to revolutionize urban living with “The Line”— a city designed around nature, without cars and roads!
“The Line” is designed by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS). Located in NEOM — a 10,000-square-mile high-tech planned development on the Red Sea coast in the northwestern Saudi province of Tabu — The Line will be the cornerstone of MBS s Saudi Vision 2030. The plan aims to diversify Saudi Arabia’s oil-dependent economy into other sectors, like tourism, and create exciting job opportunities for its citizens.
The 105-mile-long city, expected to cost between $100 billion and $200 billion, will be built along a straight line and is made up of several self-sustaining communities. To ensure all services are within a short, five-minute walk, each community will feature a three-layer infrastructure (基础设施).
The top “pedestrian layer” will be void of cars and roads, allowing residents to freely walk and bike in the surrounding green spaces. The second “service layer”, will include all essential daily services, such as schools, leisure facilities and grocery stores. The third “spine layer” will house high-speed subway and autonomous vehicles capable of transporting residents across communities in less than 20 minutes. The entire city will be powered with renewable clean energy sources such as solar and wind, and possibly even hydrogen.
If all goes according to plan t construction of this complex project will start before the 1st quarter of 2021. In addition to providing up to a million residents with a clean and stress-free living environment, The Line is expected to create 380,000 new jobs, start economic diversification, and contribute an astounding $ 48 billion to Saudi Arabia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2030. More importantly, MBS believes it will provide governments worldwide a “blueprint for how people and planet can co-exist in harmony.”
1. We can infer that “The Line” will be_________.| A．temporary | B．primitive | C．eco-friendly | D．conventional |
| A．Low crime rates. | B．High unemployment. |
| C．Super communities. | D．Diverse economic sectors. |
| A．Medical clinics. | B．Bus stops. |
| C．Underground trains. | D．Cycling lanes. |
| A．Saudi Arabia Has Created A Green City With No Cars Or Streets |
| B．“The Line” Will Be The Cornerstone Of MBS's Saudi Vision 2030 |
| C．“The Line”— Blueprint Of People And Animals Co-existing In Harmony |
| D．Saudi Arabia Announces “The Line”— A Low Carbon City Without Cars |
6 . COVID-19 Campus Rules Of UBC Okanagan
The rules apply to all students, faculty and staff at UBC’s Okanagan campus.
Travel in BC
A Public Health Order for all health regions in British Columbia calls on all individuals, places of work and businesses in BC to significantly reduce social interactions and travel. The current order is in effect until February 1, 2021.
As many are currently making plans for the upcoming Winter Break, all members of the campus community are reminded all non-essential travel should be avoided. The current orders suspend all events and social gatherings to significantly reduce COVID-19 transmission related to social interactions. The order allows for university students to join family for the holidays as this is not considered a social gathering, but it is important to maintain a narrow household bubble.
International travel
If you plan to travel out of Canada during the Winter Break, make sure you are aware of current travel restrictions and are prepared for your trip. Carefully review the updated Travelling to Canada Guide for important information on who is eligible to travel, documents to prepare, ensuring you have health insurance, making a quarantine (self-isolation) plan, and more.
Measurement of body temperature and daily self-assessment when coining to campus
UBC's COVID-19 Campus Rules require that all students, faculty and staff must have their temperatures taken and assess themselves daily for COVID-19 symptoms prior to attending UBC premises. Please use the BC self-assessment tool at https：//bc. thrive, health/. Anyone experiencing symptoms should follow the guidance provided in the self-assessment tool.
Maintaining physical distancing and wearing non-medical masks
Public Health Orders require all members of our community maintain physical distance and wear non-medical masks. As a reminder, UBC (University of British Columbia) students, faculty, staff and visitors are required to wear non-medical masks, when indoors on our campuses.
Be well, be safe and thank you for following public health and campus rule guidance.
1. According to the current orders, a university student is allowed to________.| A．attend a concert | B．host a party |
| C．organize a football match | D．get together with his family |
| A．To stand in line. | B．To wear medical masks. |
| C．To have temperatures taken. | D．To show health insurance. |
| A．in December | B．in February | C．in August | D．in September |
7 . A study, led by researchers from the University of California, San Diego, tracked the same 875 mother-child pairs in Chile for 16 years, conducting assessments at ages 1, 5, 10 and 16. At each visit researchers screened the mother for signs of depression and used cognitive (认知的) development tests on the child. They also asked questions to assess the home life, characterizing the level of engagement (密切联系) between the mother and child.
Researchers found that signs of depression in moms when the child is one are associated with lower scores on cognitive function tests for the child at age 16. “We found that mothers who were highly depressed didn’t invest (投入) emotionally or in providing learning materials to support their child, such as toys and books, as much as mothers who were not depressed. This, in turn, impacted the child’s IQ at ages 5, 10 and 16,” Patricia East, PhD, research scientist with the Department of Pediatrics at UC San Diego School of Medicine and one of the lead authors on the study, said in a statement.
The authors found the relationship in reverse to be true, as well — lower development scores early in the childlife promoted less engagement from mom and that only increased signs of maternal (母亲的) depression as the child entered into adolescence.
Children who had severely depressed mothers were found to have an average verbal IQ score of 7. 30 compared to a score of 7. 78 in children without depressed mothers.
Although seemingly small, differences in IQ from 7. 78 to 7. 30 are highly meaningful in terms of children’s verbal skills and vocabulary, said East. “Our study results show the long-term consequences that a child can experience due to long-term maternal depression.”
However, the authors recognize these families in Chile can be very different from mothers and children of other cultural backgrounds or nationalities. Besides, all the families studied were from a similar cultural background and socioeconomic status and had a similar level of education.
1. What did the researchers do in the study?| A．They screened the child for signs of depression. |
| B．They tested the cognitive abilities of the mother. |
| C．They evaluated the mother-child pairs’ relationship. |
| D．They ignored the mother’s educational background. |
| A．A kid’s IQ scores were decided by the mother’s. |
| B．A kid’s IQ scores were different at different ages. |
| C．Depressed mothers gave birth to kids with low IQ scores. |
| D．Mothers’ depression might negatively impact their kids’ IQ. |
| A．a mother’s depression might lead to her kid’s depression |
| B．a kid’s lower IQ prevented him from succeeding at school |
| C．a mother’s depression prevented her engagement with her kid |
| D．an adolescent with lower IQ worsened the mother’s depression |
| A．They don’t sound controversial. |
| B．They may encourage public debate. |
| C．They may not be very representative. |
| D．They have been confirmed in a large scale. |
8 . When was the last time you thought about breathing? Most people usually do not. When we are healthy, breathing happens naturally and easily. Without much effect on our part, the human respiratory system（呼吸系统）works hard. Experts say we take about 20,000 breaths every day.
One such expert is James Hoyt, a doctor at the University of Colorado’s Health Pulmonology Clinic. He notes our “respiratory muscles are working every minute of the day, every day of our lives.” A muscle called the diaphragm（横膈膜）separates the chest and abdominal cavities（腹腔）. As we breathe in, the diaphragm tightens. The chest cavity opens, and the lungs expand. When we breathe out, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, pushing air out.
When you breathe deeply, the air coming in through your nose fully fills your lungs, and the lower belly（腹部）rises. On its website, Harvard Medical School notes that deep breathing may slow the heartbeat, lower blood pressure and lower stress. Deep breaths help your body fully exchange incoming oxygen with outgoing carbon dioxide. However, many people do the opposite of deep breathing. They take short breaths and have shallow breathing. Shallow breathing makes you feel short of breath and worried, or anxious.
The American Lung Association notes that shallow breathing, over time, leaves old, stale air in the lungs. This leaves less room for the diaphragm to bring in fresh oxygen. And that means lower oxygen levels and less oxygen for exercise and activity.
Several health websites explain an easy deep breathing exercise. Find a place to sit or lie down Place one hand just below your ribs（肋骨）. Take a slow, deep breath-or inhale-through your nose. Feel your hand go up. Your stomach should rise and expand. Now breathe out slowly through your mouth. Make sure to breathe out-or exhale-all the way. Feel your hand and stomach go down.
1. How can we breathe air out?| A．By the diaphragm’s tightening. | B．By the chest cavity’s opening. |
| C．By the lungs’expanding. | D．By the diaphragm’s moving upward. |
| A．It’s harmful. | B．It can cause anxiety. |
| C．It can reduce stress. | D．It’s bad for the heart. |
| A．No longer new. | B．Not beneficial. | C．Poisonous. | D．Available. |
| A．Special News. | B．Health Report. |
| C．The Making of a Nation. | D．People in America. |
9 . It was a cloudy Monday in late October 2012 when Hurricane Sandy approached Long Island. I was confident that Sandy would pass through, leaving us undamaged because of our experience with Hurricane Irene last year.
Some of my neighbors chose to leave, but my husband and I decided to stay. My husband moved my car to higher ground and left his in the driveway. We pulled out our candles and flashlights and felt prepared for Hurricane Sandy.
The sky had become very dark. The heavy winds and rains had moved in. Power lines moved from side to side rapidly and water rose quickly in my front yard. My husband put pumps in the garage to fight against the water. I watched in disbelief and helplessness as I realized that even the most powerful pump could not manage it.
My husband went to turn off the main power of the house to prevent a fire and move his car to higher ground. The time that he was gone felt like an eternity and I was afraid to be alone. When I opened the door, my husband was standing there and informed me that the water was too deep for us to try to go through We had to stay and wait out the storm.
When the water reached the third step of our high ranch home, we decided that we would climb to the roof if the water continued to rise.
We were not prepared for Sandy. The cost was huge in the loss of personal items-such as pictures, videos…—that tied us to special memories of our past. Despite that loss.l feel we areblessed to be alive and share our story.
1. Why did the couple decide to stay?| A．They wanted to experience Sandy. |
| B．They had too many things to look after. |
| C．They had previous experience. |
| D．They were informed Sandy would be gentle. |
| A．The house would be flooded. |
| B．The sky became dark. |
| C．Pumps broke down. |
| D．Power failed. |
①The writer felt blessed to be alive and share her story.
②They pulled out their candles and flashlights for Sandy.
③Hurricane Irene struck the writer’s neighbourhood.
④The husband wanted to move his car to a higher place.
⑤They decided they would climb to the roof in case.
| A．②①③④⑤ | B．②③⑤④① | C．③⑤②④① | D．③②④⑤① |
| A．Pleased. | B．Regretful. | C．Thankful. | D．Relieved. |
10 . The sun appears to experience far fewer changes in brightness and intensity than other stars like it. Researchers reported last week on their examination of 369 stars. They compared each one to the sun in terms of surface temperature, size and rotation. They found that on average, the other stars had five times more brightness variability than our sun.
The lead author was Timo Reinhold, an astronomer with the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Germany. He told the Reuters news agency that the variability in brightness results from dark spots on the surface of the star moving in and out of view.
“A direct measure of solar activity is the number of sunspots on the surface,” Reinhold said. “Finding such stars with very similar parameters as our sun but being five times more variable was surprising.”
The sun —made up mainly of hydrogen and helium—is an average-sized star that formed more than 4.5 billion years ago. It stretches about 1.4 million kilometers across and has a surface temperature of 5,500 degrees Celsius.
The researchers compared scientific data on the similar stars to historical records of the sun’s activity. The records included about 400 years of observational data on sunspots. The researchers also studied about 9,000 years of data based on chemical element variants in tree rings and ice buildup tied to solar activity. These records show the sun has not been much more active than it is now.
The researchers said increased magnetic activity related to sunspots can lead to electromagnetic events that effect Earth. For example, large releases of plasma—a collection of charged particles—from outer areas of the sun’s atmosphere could cause problems for satellites and other communications equipment.
The discovery may be good news for life on Earth A much more active sun might have had more major effects on Earth’s geology and ancient climate. “A ‘too active’ star would definitively change the conditions for life on the planet, so living with a quite boring star is not the worst option,” Reinhold said.
The findings, he noted, do not rule out the possibility that the sun may be in a quiet period and could become more variable in the future. However, the researchers say there are no signs that solar activity will be increasing any time soon.
1. According to Timo Reinhold, what causes the variability in brightness of the sun?| A．Hydrogen and helium in the sun. |
| B．The surface temperature of the sun. |
| C．The diameter (直径) of the sun. |
| D．Dark spots on its outer part. |
| A．Scientific data of all the other stars. |
| B．Data of sunspots observed in the past 400 years. |
| C．9,000 years of data of the activities of the sun. |
| D．Data of chemical element variants in icy trees. |
| A．There will be a decreased magnetic activity. |
| B．The geology and climate of the Earth will be different. |
| C．Satellites and other communications equipment will work better. |
| D．People on the Earth have to live with the quite boring star. |
| A．The sun: less active than similar stars |
| B．The sun: less bright and intense than before |
| C．Sun spots: a direct measure of solar activity |
| D．Sun spots: the cause of electromagnetic events on Earth |
