1 . With the sea on your doorstep, a large fleet of boats to choose from, and a team of experienced instructors, the outdoor activities centre is there just for you! Courses available:
Dinghy Sailing
Our boats are chosen carefully to provide a wide range of safe and exciting learning opportunities. Instructors will take you through the basics of rigging, launching and sailing.
Catamaran Sailing
For those with little or no experience, this course is a good introduction to this fast and exciting form of sailing. If weather condition is favourable, students should be able to handle a catamaran single-handedly during the course.
Cost for each course (age 16 years and over): £165 non residential, £180 residential
Canoeing or Kayaking
The outdoor activities centre is the ideal venue for kayaking. With the sea close at hand, our one-day course will introduce the skill of kayaking at sea. There will be an opportunity to try a variety of different canoes and kayaks and to take part in a short kayak sea journey.
Cost for one-day course: £35
Windsurfing
Our centre runs a JUNIOR WINDSURFING CLUB on Monday and Wednesday evenings during the summer season and is open to anyone up to 18 years old. Aimed at those who already have some windsurfing experience (level one certificate), this club aims to give young windsurfers the opportunity to progress within a safe and exciting environment.
Cost: £7 per session or £6 per session if four sessions are booked in advance
1. How much would it cost an adult living at the center to take both sailing courses?| A．£165. | B．£180. |
| C．£345. | D．£360. |
| A．A travel journal. | B．A sports advertisement. |
| C．A training report. | D．An exhibition guide. |
2 . Researchers have discovered a protein that actually supports healthy brain function.
For many years, researchers have known that the human brain loses cells throughout our lives, part of the natural process of aging. In fact, we lose about 85,000 brain cells per day, that is one per second, over 31 million brain cells every year! This impacts every aspect of your life...how you think and how you feel.
Recently, scientists have made a significant breakthrough in brain health with the discovery that apoaequorin can support healthy brain function, help you have a sharper mind and think clearer.
Supports Healthy Brain Function
Apoaequorin is in the same family of proteins as those found in humans, but it was originally discovered in one of nature's simplest organisms——the jellyfish.
Supports a Sharper Mind
Now produced in a scientific process, researchers formulated this vital protein into a product called Prevagen. Prevagep is clinically shown to help with mild memory problems associated with aging.
Improves Memory
This type of protein is vital and found naturally in the human brain and nervous system. As we age we can’t make enough of them to keep up with the brain's demands. Prevagen supplements these proteins during the natural process of aging to keep your brain healthy. Prevagen comes in an easy to swallow capsule. It has no significant side effects and will not interact with your current medication.
Supports Clearer Thinking
Just how well does Prevagen work? In a computer assessed, double-blinded, placebo（安慰剂）controlled study, Prevagen improved memory for most subjects within 90 days.
Try Prevagen for yourself and feel the difference.
1. What is “Apoaequorin” according to the text?| A．A protein | B．A product | C．A jellyfish | D．A capsule |
| A．It may help with severe memory problems. |
| B．It can improve memory just within 90 days. |
| C．It has not any side effects. |
| D．It contains apoaequorin. |
| A．Science fiction |
| B．Literature works |
| C．A guidebook |
| D．A health magazine |
3 . Even if all fossil fuel emissions (排放) ended immediately, greenhouse gasses from the food we eat could drive global temperatures above internationally agreed warming limits, a new study has warned.
The system to feed Earth’s 7.7 billion people accounts for nearly a third of global total greenhouse gas emissions, including from land clearing and deforestation, fertilizer use and livestock.
Researchers in the United States and Britain said the only way to avoid devastating (毁灭性的) levels of warming would be to transform what we eat, how it is produced, and the amount we waste. “Our work shows that food is a much greater contributor to climate change than is widely known,” said co-author Jason Hill, a professor in the Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering at the University of Minnesota. “Fortunately, we can fix this problem by using fertilizer more efficiently, by eating less meat and more fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts, and by making other important changes to our food system.”
The study in the journal Science forecasts future food system emissions using expected trends in population growth, dietary changes and the additional amount of land thought to be needed to feed the world.
The authors found that, if left untouched, these future food-related emissions would by themselves push Earth above the 1.5 degrees Celsius warming limit by 2050. By the end of the century, they would lift temperatures to nearly 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels -- the limit set in the 2015 Paris Agreement.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．Fossil fuel emissions are mainly to blame for the increasing global temperature. |
| B．Most of the greenhouse gas emission comes from land clearing and deforestation. |
| C．Feeding global population leads to about one third of the greenhouse gas emission. |
| D．The emissions from the food we eat are greater than those from burning fossil fuels. |
| A．It is not known that food is a great contributor to climate change. |
| B．It is impractical to avoid devastating level of warming from food. |
| C．Changes to our food system will be necessary to solve climate change. |
| D．Future food-related emissions will push global temperature above the limit. |
| A．A research paper. | B．A science magazine. | C．A textbook. | D．A guidebook. |
4 . 
The Paint Creek Recreation Trail is the flagship pathway of a planned trail network in the Ohio counties of Fayette, Ross and Highland. Nearly 35 miles of paved trail are currently open linking the communities of Washington Court House, Frankfort and Chillicothe.
The vast majority of the trail occupies a former railroad corridor acquired by the local nonprofit trails group in 1994. However, the trail does leave the original corridor where the right-of-way could not be acquired from its current owners. The diversions are usually short, with the longest stretch being a 2.5 mile stretch of highway cast of the Washington courthouse.
Because most of the trails through rural Ohio are dominated by seemingly endless fields, trail users are exposed to the sun for long periods of time. Fortunately, the path occasionally winds through a more wooded corridor near local waterways, such as Paint Creek and the Scioto River.
The Paint Creek Recreation Trail also passes through the downtown areas of the three towns along the way, offering many opportunities for rest and energy. Just before Chillicothe, trail users will want to stop at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. The Hopewell Mound Group, a part of the park visible from the trail along Sulphur Lick Road, features earthworks and tombs built by the local people nearly 2,000 years ago.
The existing Paint Creek Recreation Trail will one day make a significant contribution to local leisure and transportation. There are plans nowadays to develop new trails along former railroad corridors from Washington courthouse northwest to the existing Xenia-Jamestown Connector, southwest to Wilmington and cast to Circleville in Pickaway County.
1. Which of the following is true about the trail?| A．Most of the trail is not well remodeled. |
| B．Most of the trail used to be a railway passage. |
| C．Most of the trail goes through the centers of 13 towns. |
| D．Most of the trail is close to the local railway lines. |
| A．It will take on a new look. |
| B．It will be part of a national historic park. |
| C．It will be bought by a nonprofit company. |
| D．It will play an important role in leisure and transportation. |
| A．An American website on travel. | B．An English scientific magazine. |
| C．A lecture by a professor of geography. | D．A travelers' notebook. |
5 . Experts studying the state of the Australian reef system-one of the seven natural wonders of the world-reported that it is disappearing faster than thought.
“We found the number of small, medium and large corals on the Great Barrier Reef has declined by more than 50 percent during the so-called bleaching episodes (白化期） since the 1990s,"said Terry Hughes of the University of Queensland, Australia. “The decline occurred in both shallow and deeper water and across nearly all species-but especially in branching and table-shaped corals.”
Branching and table-shaped corals provide build structures on the reef that are important for other sea life, such as fish. Their loss is reducing population sizes and sea food productivity. When ocean temperatures are too high, corals drive away their colorful symbiotic algae (共生藻类） that provide them with food-turning them a bleached white. If the ocean cools quickly enough, the algae can return. But if it stays too hot for too long, the corals begin to starve.
＂Both small and large reefs have become increasingly rare," said paper author Andy Dietzel of Queensland's ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. “This indicates declines in reproduction, recovery potential of coral populations.”
The Great Barrier Reef consists of more than 2,900 individual reefs and some 900 islands-and is bigger than the entirety of the UK. The natural wonder is home to around 1,625 species of fish and 30 different types of whale and dolphin.
＂We used to think the Great Barrier Reef was protected by its size," commented Professor Hughes." But our results show even the world's largest and relatively well-protected reef system is increasingly compromised and in decline.”
1. What can we learn about the bleaching episodes from the passage?| A．The decline of corals occurred in all species. |
| B．Corals will never come back to life once bleached. |
| C．Reefs have increased in Australia with climate change. |
| D．The Great Barrier Reef plays a vital role in sea ecosystem. |
| A．Ambiguous. |
| B．Concerned. |
| C．Optimistic. |
| D．Indifferent. |
| A．A magazine. |
| B．A textbook. |
| C．A tourist brochure. |
| D．A science report. |
6 . Luo Xinlin, 22, experienced her first ride in a self-driving taxi in Changsha, the capital of China's Hunan Province “I made an appointment soon after setting the starting and ending points in the app,” said Liu. “A safety supervisor contacted me and the taxi arrived in about 10 minutes.”
“The taxi drove very smoothly by itself. and the safety supervisor and technician sitting in the front basically didn't have any manual control of it,” said Liu after a 10-minute-long test ride. “The taxi passed through three or four intersections and it was a safe ride without any unexpected situations.”
The self-driving taxi, named Robotaxi, is operated by Hunan Apollo Intelligent Transportation Co., Ltd. based in Xiangjiang New Area in the city. On April 21, the company announced that a group of 30 self-driving taxis had entered public use in the city and users can hail one for a free ride.
“The in-car touch screen can display barriers and dynamic predictions within the 360-degree field of vision and clearly present the conditions of passing vehicles, intersections and traffic lights,” said Cheng Li, director of the test and vehicle operation department of the company. Cheng added users can learn information such as the vehicle's sped and remaining distance through the screen in real time.
In September 2019, the company launched a trial service for a group of citizens, who had to first complete training and other procedures. The technical personnel have started testing self-driving taxis and accumulated a lot of test data since the second half of last year.
China allowed local governments to arrange road tests for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), which cover different degrees of autonomous driving, in April 2018. An increasing number of cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, have issued license plates for road tests of ICVs.
1. What is Liu's attitude to self-driving taxis?| A．Mixed. | B．Cautious. | C．Uncertain. | D．Supportive. |
| A．It had unchanging routes | B．No one but the passenger was in it. |
| C．It allowed passengers to have free use. | D．A safety supervisor controlled it. |
| A．Vehicle operation. | B．The vehicle's speed. |
| C．Road conditions | D．Remaining distance. |
| A．Fashion. | B．Technology | C．Society. | D．Business. |
7 . Vegan leather(纯素皮), a cruelty-free and environment-friendly substitute for animal leather has long been the ultimate goal of sustainable fashion. Now, an alternative may be making the jump from the lab to cupboards, and its source may surprise many people: the forest floor.
Mycelium(菌体丝), the fibrous roots of fungi(真菌), is being made into durable clothes and bags with a lower carbon cost than animal's skin or plastic, and it's a material that won't pile up in landfills. While products made from it aren't available to buy yet, industry experts say the material has great potential to influence the market for animal and synthetic(合成的)leathers. And it has a unique look and feel.
Leather production relies on skin from cattle and sheep, whose raising is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Leather processing also uses dangerous chemicals and generates large mounts of waste from treating raw skin. By contrast, fungi's growth is effectively carbon neutral since they catch and store carbon that would otherwise be emitted or remain in the atmosphere, according to Nature. Pure and untreated fungi-leather also breaks down easily.
A number of companies are relying on consumer's interest in a true fungi leather. Some 66% US respondents to a survey by the consulting firm Mckinsey & Company said they consider sustainability when making a luxury purchase. California-based Mckino is perhaps closest to producing a commercially available product called Reishi. "It has the same quality and artistic value as animal leather and it will be launched in partnership with top brands in the coming months," said Sophia Wang, the company's co-founder.
One of the challenges with fungi-leather is making a uniform "mat" with consistent thickness, appearance and color, according to Nature. It's also necessary to balance durability with biodegradability(降解).
1. What do we know about Mycelium?| A．Its products are available now. |
| B．It is likely to gain some market share. |
| C．It has a high carbon emission. |
| D．It accounts for a large part of waste. |
| A．By making a comparison. |
| B．By reasoning and arguing. |
| C．By analyzing the research process. |
| D．By providing background information. |
| A．Most people like animal leather. |
| B．Consumers are indifferent to Reishi. |
| C．Sophia has confidence in Reishi. |
| D．Mckino ranks among top brands |
| A．Opinion. | B．Agriculture | C．Fashion. | D．Lifestyle. |
8 . On a scale of 0 to 10, I’d say my happiness ranks at about 6. I’m glad to know I’m a 6, because, as a famous management saying puts it, “You can't manage what you don’t measure.” If you want to improve an aspect of your life, you need to be able to assess progress toward your goal-and that means measuring it.
The goal of this column is to help you manage and improve your happiness. A number of people have asked me whether quantitative happiness measures are really accurate and reliable-and it’s a reasonable question. So let’s take a look behind the curtain. But not just for intellectual curiosity; as you will see, understanding the measurement of happiness can itself make you better at improving your own well-being-and avoid some critical errors.
The best method scientists have to understand with confidence how something affects something else is a randomized, controlled trial. Think of the tests currently under way to find a vaccine for COvID-19. They take a long time because the drug companies with trial vaccines are conducting experiments that randomly assign people to a treatment group they get the vaccine and a control group (they get a placebo), and then waiting to seif the drug is effective and safe by comparing the two groups after enough time has passed.
In the research on happiness, this usually isn’t possible. Want to know if people are truly happiest in Denmark, as some studies suggest, and test it with a randomized experiment? You would need to randomly take two groups out of their homes, move one group to Copenhagen, and the other to, say, Dayton, Ohio- but make sure they think it might be Copenhagen and never get the truth. Follow up a few years later to see who is happiest. Obviously, that’s ridiculous. So with randomized controlled trials largely not available to them, happiness researchers instead rely on self-reported happiness surveys, where large groups of people anonymously report their levels of life satisfaction. Then, the researchers use fairly complex statistical techniques to mimic（模拟）a controlled experiment in order to show how different aspects of people’s lives affect-or at least are associated with-their happiness.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?| A．An aspect of life. | B．One's goal. | C．Happiness. | D．Progress. |
| A．To introduce a latest medical breakthrough. |
| B．To show the difficulty in finding the vaccine. |
| C．To illustrate the process of randomized experiments. |
| D．To prove the impossibility of randomized researches on happiness. |
| A．The experiment takes a long time. |
| B．It is difficult to analyze the data collected. |
| C．It is impossible to carry out the process strictly. |
| D．The subjects are unwilling to share their feelings. |
| A．A magazine. | B．A diary. | C．A science report. | D．A textbook. |
9 . It’s easy to assume that a vacation to Bali will cost a small fortune. There are plenty of accommodations, food and local transportation, and even the spas offer massages and treatments at value prices. However, you can easily spend a week or two in Bali for under $2,000, without having to sleep on the beach. Here are a few things to consider when planning Bali on a budget.
What is the best time to visit Bali on a budget?
If you’re on a budget, consider visiting Bali during the lower, wetter season, which runs from October through March. The crowds will be fewer, and both hotel rates and flights from abroad are often cheaper, except during the holiday period between mid-December and early January, when crowds swell. The only trade-off for the lower prices is the wet season. This time of year isn’t always ideal for sunbathing, and serious rainfall can make outdoor activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing. That said, even during rainy season, it doesn’t usually rain all day long. Expect bursts of sunshine between the storms.
What is the cheapest way to get around Bali?
The absolute cheapest way to get around Bali is by local bus, but it can take a long time. There are also tourist buses, including hop-on, hop-off options, that travel between different hubs across the island. Bali is well-served by taxis, both of the car and motorbike variety, and the prices tend to be affordable by international standards. Most drivers will offer you a fixed rate for full-day hires or to get from point A to point B, rather than using a meter.
Remember to bargain; doing so is particularly easy when a driver is on his own rather than at a taxi stand.
How much does food cost in Bali?
If you’re into fine dining, you can end up spending a large chunk of your budget on food. Eating at the average restaurant geared towards tourists is the best way to have a meal in Bali on a budget. A good meal should cost you around 100,000 rupiah (around $7), but if you’re willing to subsist mostly off of local specialties such as nasi goreng (fried rice) and eat at local restaurants, you can expect to pay around 30,000 rupiah ($2) to get fed. Best of all, most hotels and guesthouses in Bali come with free breakfast, and many offer heavier options of noodles and meat that may keep you full until lunch.
1. Which of the following situation can be best described by the underlined word trade-off in paragraph 2?| A．Jack got a reward after he returned the lost bag to its owner. |
| B．Lily spent much money buying some handicrafts at the local fair. |
| C．Wendy cancelled her trip in order to prevent the spread of the virus. |
| D．Sam was scolded by his parents for what he did in school last night. |
| A．It’s better for outdoor enthusiasts to visit Bali during the off season. |
| B．Passengers had better fix the price with drivers before the taxi pulls out from the station. |
| C．If on a tight budget, one is advised to visit Bali at the end of December every year. |
| D．It’s relatively economical to eat merely at average restaurants tailored to visitors. |
| A．City and Transport. | B．Travel and Recreation. |
| C．Nature and Environment. | D．Food and Health. |
10 . Have you ever noticed little specks (斑点) in the iris (the colored part) of your eyes? The specks, which occur in about 60% of the population, are clusters (组,族) of abnormal melanocytes (黑素细胞).Experts suspect that, like skin freckles, they may develop in response to sun exposure."We think that the pathway involved in iris freckles formation could be quite similar." Christoph Schwab, MD, wrote in an email to Health.
To investigate this theory, Dr.Schwab teamed up with other ophthalmologists (眼科医生) and dermatologists (皮肤病专家) to examine the skin and eyes of more than 600 people.Seventy-six percent of the participants possessed at least one eye freckle.They tended to be older than folks who had no eye freckles.And they were also more likely to report a high number of sunburns during their lifetime, and have sun-damaged skin and age spots.The researchers also noted that the participants were recruited（招募） from public swimming pools.They may have led outdoorsy lifestyles, with greater exposure to UV light than the average person.
While eye freckles themselves are usually not dangerous to health, they may serve as a warning sign for sun-related health problems, the researchers concluded."The presence of iris freckles also indicates sun damage to the skin, a risk factor for several different kinds of skin cancer.Within this context, there is certainly a need for further studies investigating the association between skin cancer and iris freckles, they wrote.
"The investigation of iris freckles in several eye diseases could lead to new knowledge regarding their pathogenesis (病原)," says Dr.Schwab.
For now, Dr.Schwab urges caution: If someone exhibits iris freckles, especially at a young age, I would reconsider current sun protection strategies."To keep your skin safe and your eyes freckle-free, remember to apply plenty of SPF even when it's cloudy, and wear shades or a hat to protect your eyes from the sun.
1. What is to blame for eye freckles?| A．Skin freckles. | B．Sun exposure. | C．Personal lifestyles. | D．Abnormal melanocytes. |
| A．prove more population owns them | B．find out the reasons for them |
| C．prevent people from skin cancer | D．find the link between skin and eyes |
| A．Take more exercises. | B．Apply plenty of SPF. |
| C．Work in public swimming pool. | D．Wear shades or a hat outdoors. |
| A．Health. | B．Society. | C．Education. | D．Technology |
