1 . Polar bears are not the only species in danger from global warming, a new report has warned. The US Center for Biological Diversity (CBD)claims 16 Arctic(北极的)animals are at risk from the melting ice as well as the polar bears.The animals have become a symbol of the environmental movement, as their numbers go down with the melting ice caps.
But they are not the only ones.A new report has warned that other animals are in danger of going extinct as well.Sea ice in the Arctic fell to its lowest level after records began in 2007 and scientists predict the area could be largely ice free in summer within 10 years.
Shaye Wolf, the lead author of the report, said Arctic foxes, whales, musk oxen(麝牛), walruses(海象)and four species of seals were all in danger—as well as polar bears.
“The polar bear is the best-known victim(受害者)of rapid melting in the Arctic, but if we don’t reduce greenhouse pollution, many more creatures will follow it down the path to extinction，” she said. “Some Arctic species have already experienced widespread die-offs and population becomes less after losing key habitats and food sources; others face extreme weather events or suffer new pressures from predators(食肉动物).”
The CBD is also afraid these animals could be in danger if mining for oil goes ahead in this area.It is estimated that eight of the world’s 19 polar bear populations are becoming less as they struggle to raise young and hunt for food on ice.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?| A．Polar bears are the only species in danger from global warming. |
| B．Why all Arctic species are in danger of dying out. |
| C．We should take measures to protect Arctic animals. |
| D．Arctic foxes, whales, musk oxen, walruses and four species of seals were all in danger—as well as polar bears. |
| A．繁衍 | B．灭绝 |
| C．存在 | D．兴衰 |
| A．Nine of the world’s 19 polar bear populations are becoming less now. |
| B．Polar bears are in danger mainly because their food sources are disappearing. |
| C．If we don’t take any effective measures to protect these animals in Arctic, more and more creatures will die out in the future. |
| D．Sea ice in the Arctic fell to its lowest level before records began in 2007. |
2 . America's greatest technological achievement, the Hoover Dam, now has a companion piece, a bridge held up by the longest arch in the Western Hemisphere (半球). The Mike O'CallaghanPat Tillman Memorial Bridge, which opened this month and connects the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, crosses the vast chasm (峡谷) 890 feet above the Colorado River that is controlled by the dam.
The striking 1,900footlong structure will improve traffic in the region and help protect the dam from being destroyed. It is the seventh highest bridge in the world, behind four in China, one in Papua New Guinea and one in the US state of Colorado.
“The Hoover Dam is the greatest civil engineering achievement in America's history,” said the bridge project manager Dave Zanatell. “Our goal was not to outdo or outshine it. Our goal was to, in a respectful way, do something that would be great for our generation and that would stand besides the Hoover Dam in a respectful and quality way that would become a part of Hoover's legacy (遗产).”
Just as the Hoover Dam was built in the heart of the Great Depression (大萧条) and was seen as an example of the nation's cando spirit, some hope this project can also provide some uplift.
The bridge is surprising: at 1,050 feet, its support arch holds up a roadway that lies on 300footlong concrete pillars (柱子), some of the tallest in the world. It contains 16 million pounds of steel.
The idea of the bridge came into being in the 1960s because the top of the Hoover Dam has been a narrow twolane road that is the fastest route from Arizona to Las Vegas and then the Pacific Northwest and Canada.
Access to the dam from each direction is a dangerously winding route, but massive trucks and passenger vehicles shared it for decades. During the day, when thousands of tourists travel to the dam from Las Vegas three times as many accidents as on a normal road will happen.
The bridge has a sidewalk on the side facing the dam. The wall on both sides is 54 inches high, so walkers can take photos there.
1. What is one of the purposes of building the bridge?| A．To protect the dam. |
| B．To save the cultures. |
| C．To outdo the dam. |
| D．To develop the tourism. |
| A．lift of the heavy object |
| B．support in money |
| C．spiritual encouragement |
| D．instruction in technology |
| A．the Hoover Dam |
| B．western America's development |
| C．a tour along the Colorado River |
| D．a recently built bridge |
3 . Healthy eating doesn’t just mean what you eat, but how you eat. Here is some advice(建议) on healthy eating.
Eat with others. It can help you to see others’ healthy eating habits. If you usually eat with your parents, you can find that the food you eat is more delicious.
Listen to your body. Ask yourself if you are really hungry. Have a glass of water to see if you are thirsty---sometimes you are just thirsty, you need no food. Stop eating before you feel full.
Eat breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. After you don’t eat for the past ten hours, your body needs food to get you going. You can be cleverer after eating breakfast.
Eat healthy snacks like fruits, yogurt or cheese. We all need snacks sometimes. In fact, it’s a good idea to eat two healthy snacks between your three meals. This doesn’t mean that you can eat a bag of chips instead of a meal.
Don’t eat dinner late. With our busy life, we always put off eating dinner time. Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. This will give your body a chance to digest most of the food before you sleep.
1. The writer gives us ________ pieces of advice on healthy eating.| A．4 | B．5 | C．6 | D．7 |
| A．Fruits | B．Yogurt | C．Chips | D．Ice cream |
| A．Snacks are bad for our health. |
| B．We should keeping eating until we are full. |
| C．Dinner is the most important meal of the day. |
| D．We should have dinner at least 3 hours before going to bed. |
| A．where to eat | B．how to eat | C．what to eat | D．when to eat |
4 . Land Art, sometimes referred to as Earth Art or Earthworks, is a form of art which involves using physical landscapes to create art, taking art out of the museum and into the outside world. Modern Land Art movement really got going in the 1960s when American artists began creating Land Art on a large scale.Today, works of modern Land Art can be seen all over the world, sometimes right alongside much older pieces of Land Art created by people who lived thousands of years ago.
Land Art, which is not necessarily unchangeable, can take a number of forms. For example, in 1970 Robert Smithson created the Spiral Jetty (螺旋状防波堤), made of a collection of stones and mud, in the Great Salt Lake. The American artist made a large jetty in a spiral shape which sticks out into the waters of the lake.
Reshaping the landscape is a common characteristic of Land Art，which can be created by moving parts around. People can also add things to the environment to create Land Art, like salt, which is added to the Spiral Jetty. It is possible to use plants.In all cases, Land Art is immovable.
Land Art is designed to gradually form, change, and eventually decay (衰落). That’s one of the biggest differences between Land Art and most of the art one sees in the museums. Some works of art can exist only for a few hours or days. Others are exposed to rain and wind so that they develop and decay over time, which is part of the attractiveness in the eyes of the artists.
1. What do we know about Robert Smithson?| A．He is a great creative artist. |
| B．He lives near the Great Salt Lake. |
| C．He made the most famous Land Art. |
| D．He is a pioneer in creating Land Art. |
| A．It shows the extreme beauty of nature. |
| B．It develops and decays gradually over time. |
| C．It combines the landscapes around completely. |
| D．It offers the artists a chance to get close to nature. |
| A．Works of Land Art. |
| B．History of Land Art. |
| C．Changes of Land Art. |
| D．Introduction to Land Art. |
5 . An 11-year-old boy who has been compared to Spanish Impressionist，the great Pablo Picasso，is holding his first exhibition at Llangollen’s Gardening Show this weekend.
Hamad alHumaidhan，who was born in Kuwait but now lives in Bath，Britain，had no previous knowledge of art history when he first picked up a brush.But he began to paint his favourite football player，Cristiano Ronaldo，using Picasso’s trademarks—bright colors and impressionistic forms.
His father said，“I’ve got lots of books about Picasso and I showed them to Hamad but he didn’t know anything about Picasso—it’s just naturally the way he sees it and he just loves to paint.”
His first painting of Ronaldo，done when he was just nine，was sold at auction(拍卖) in Bath for ￡650，which drew the attention of local art businessman Steve Turner.“A colleague sent me some pictures of Hamad’s work and I just couldn’t believe the size of it and how the colors mixed together，” he said.“He had talent and I thought Picasso had been reborn.” “I’ve shown his work to private art collectors.They liked them very much and everyone was eager to buy，so the first six paintings have been snapped up.I bought two of them myself.The next set of his works will go on show for the first time at Llangollen，which will be the first opportunity for the public to see his amazing talent.”
Hamad enjoys maths at school but ranks painting higher.“I think I prefer painting! It makes me relaxed and when I feel tired I just pick up a paint brush，” he said.“I just close my eyes and see how it’s going to look and then I just paint it—I paint every day.I just love the colours and I want people to enjoy my paintings.”
Now Hamad is nervously waiting for the opening of his exhibition.
1. What is the text mainly about?| A．Hamad’s father. |
| B．Hamad and his talent for painting. |
| C．Hamad’s first painting. |
| D．The similarities between Hamad and Picasso. |
| A．began to learn painting when he was a boy. |
| B．has read many books about art history. |
| C．likes Cristiano Ronaldo very much. |
| D．knows a lot about Picasso. |
| A．has bright colors and impressionistic forms. |
| B．was bought by Steve Turner. |
| C．was completed five years ago. |
| D．is his favourite work. |
| A．Shown to the public. | B．Bought very quickly. |
| C．Cleaned up. | D．Hung up. |
6 . A poem is defined as a composition written in verse. Poems rely heavily on imagery, precise word choice, and metaphor(隐喻), and may take either the form of measures consisting of patterns of stresses or of patterns of different-length syllables. But they don’t necessarily make use of rhyme. Poetry appears earlier than other forms of literature;however one cannot readily tell the characteristics of early poetry. Typically, as a form of literature, poetry makes great use of the forms of the words it uses. That is to say, it focuses on the features of the written or spoken word, rather than on their meaning.
The play, or drama, is another classical literary form that has continued to develop over the years. It generally consists chiefly of a dialogue between characters and is usually for theatrical performances rather than for reading. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, opera developed as a combination of poetry, drama, and music.
An essay consists of a discussion of a topic from an author’s personal point of view. The word “essay” in English is from the French word meaning “attempt”. In this sense, it could be said to mean the author’s attempt to make others accept their view.
Prose consists of writing that does not stick to any particular formal structures. Prose writing can take beautiful forms, but not because of the forms of words it uses.
A novel consists simply of a long story written in prose, yet this form has only developed comparatively recently. Early novels in Europe did not, at the time, count as significant literature, perhaps because “mere” prose writing seemed easy and unimportant. It has become clear, however, that prose writing can provide pleasure to those readers even though it doesn’t stick to poetic forms.
1. What does the passage mainly deal with?| A．The writing of poems. |
| B．Different forms of literature. |
| C．Combination of poetry, drama, and music. |
| D．Differences between novels and poems. |
| A．Poetry. | B．The opera. |
| C．Prose. | D．The novel. |
| A．provide imagery and precise word choice |
| B．provide theatrical performance rather than reading purpose |
| C．express the author’s personal point of view |
| D．distinguish itself from factual writing |
| A．develops as a combination of poetry, drama, and music |
| B．takes beautiful forms but not because of the forms of the words it uses |
| C．was not regarded as significant literature in early Europe |
| D．consists of patterns of stresses or of patterns of different-length syllables |
7 . Animals in the Arctic, including reindeer and golden eagles, are migrating earlier due to climate change, say researchers who have gathered a huge amount of data to study the behavior of 86 Arctic species over the past three decades.
“We have the ability to keep our eyes on animal movements on a very large scale,” says Eliezer Gurarie at the University of Maryland. “It seems that animals are unknowingly reacting and adapting to climatic changes, and have been doing for years.”
Gurarie and his team used GPS and satellites to track the spring migration of more than 900 female reindeer over the past 15 years. They discovered that the females are migrating to give birth about a day earlier year on year, probably as a result of warming temperatures. Earlier birthing times can be risky in northern parts of the Arctic, says team member Gil Bohrer at Ohio State University. “There are higher chances of their children facing strong and unexpected storms,” he says. If they do, many will die because they cannot deal with extreme conditions.
Similarly, golden eagles — which usually nest in the Arctic area — have been starting their spring migration half a day earlier each year over the past 25 years.
“The day-to-day change of climate is very small,” says Bohrer. “To understand how animals react to climate change, you need a very long period of observation — something that has only recently been possible.”
The researchers’ archive of Arctic animal movement currently covers more than 15 million data points related to 8000 animals. “Our archive can help to advise management methods to preserve endangered species, as climate change only becomes more extreme,” says Bohrer.
1. What can we conclude from Gurarie’s words?| A．Researchers can guide animal movements. |
| B．Animals can adapt to climate change easily. |
| C．Animals don’t know how to react to the changes. |
| D．Earlier migration is animals’ reaction to warmer climate. |
| A．Children have less opportunity to survive. | B．There will be more unexpected storms. |
| C．Fewer children will be delivered. | D．They may migrate earlier in spring. |
| A．The small change of climate. | B．The challenge of the research. |
| C．The possibility of observing animals. | D．The purpose of the research. |
| A．The observation of animals. | B．Newly-found animals in danger. |
| C．The discovery of animals’ migrating earlier. | D．Animals’ extinction caused by global warming. |
8 . Your action can speak louder than your words. It is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures(手势). However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes”, while in some parts of Greece and Turkey, it means “no”. In the southeast of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you”.
Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb(大拇指) up, it means “Everything is all right.” However, in Greece it is bad manners to do so. Also putting your clasped(紧握的)hands up above your head means “I am the winner.” It is the sign which players often make. In Russia it is the sign of friendship.
In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger(食指)in a circle, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK.” In France, it means “You are worth nothing.”
It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she may feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.
Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.
1. What does the sentence “Your action can speak louder than your words” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．What you do is better than what you say. |
| B．You try your best to be polite. |
| C．You are better understood by your gestures than through your words. |
| D．What you say is better than what you do. |
| A．Greece | B．the USA | C．England | D．China |
| A．Putting your clasped hands up above the head means friendship in Greece. |
| B．You can express “You are worth nothing” by putting your thumb up in France. |
| C．Making eye communication is not important in a talk. |
| D．Weather, sports, food and work are the topics that can be talked. |
| A．it is important to know the language. |
| B．it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner. |
| C．to know how to communicate without words is as important as to know the language. |
| D．to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language. |
9 . Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.
There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programs may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created the Pegasus spyware to “provide authorized governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”.
In my opinion, the described protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape cameras and microphones due to the lack of understanding of how their devices work and how malware(恶意软件)works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using cameras or microphones. If they need to yet any information, they get it by sending a targeted malware to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal -from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and much more.
It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it. we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.
Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant malware in your device. To prevent malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online banking accounts.
1. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?| A．Cameras. |
| B．Types. |
| C．Programs. |
| D．Devices. |
| A．group of hackers. |
| B．A company developing spyware. |
| C．A group of terrorists and criminals. |
| D．A company fighting against crime. |
| A．People know little about their devices. |
| B．Hackers have no access to others. |
| C．It hardly prevents malware from getting privacy. |
| D．It can't cover the cameras completely. |
| A．Protecting privacy on devices. |
| B．Rising trend of using tapes. |
| C．Monitoring devices via cameras. |
| D．Avoiding clicking distrustful links. |
10 . Lunch is a part of Chinese culture. When I'm back home in England, I often miss Chinese lunch.
At home, at work, at school, English lunchtime is far from a formal meal of the day. It seems that we can't wait to finish lunch as quickly as possible. People working in the office take out packed sandwiches that are not delicious. Work canteens(餐厅) are crowded with people too busy to eat, rushing to the checkout(收银台) with something in hand so that they can quickly eat up on the way to another meeting. A lot of work in England leaves little time to have our meals and enjoy them. Perhaps this is why so many of us hold such unhealthy relationships with food.
The way we plan our days in England shows we don't care about mealtimes. Meetings, lectures, interviews and so on are all planned from 12 a.m. to 2 p.m. In Beijing lunch often starts from 11:30 p.m. to 1 p.m. And owners of many shops gather in small groups to share a meal, which is hardly seen in England. I have never experienced such a culture where finding time to eat is so important.
In China, food is shared and the time is enjoyed as a moment of get-together in busy days. This is a value and practice we should hold in our lives in England. In China food is not only a necessity(必需品), but also a time for get-together with friends and family, and I love it.
1. Why can't most English people enjoy their lunch?| A．They think British food is terrible. |
| B．They are anxious to go shopping. |
| C．They are too busy with work. |
| D．They have much housework. |
| A．Its atmosphere | B．Its taste |
| C．Its price | D．Its kinds |
| A．English people don't take mealtimes seriously. |
| B．English lunchtime lasts one and a half hours. |
| C．English people never experience Chinese culture. |
| D．English people like to get together in groups. |
| A．The best way to experience Chinese lunch. |
| B．Lunch differences between China and England. |
| C．Suggestions of enjoying English culture. |
| D．The stressful lifestyles of English people. |
