1 . China landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time last Saturday. This makes China the first country to make a successful landing on Mars on its first mission to Mars. China's Zhurong rover （探测车），named after a traditional Chinese fire god, has touched down on the martian surface, the China National Space Administration confirmed on the morning of Saturday, May 15,
The rover is part of the Tian wen-1 mission, which consists of an orbiter, a probe, and a lander. The mission was launched in summer last year, and took seven months to complete its journey to the red planet. It arrived at Mars in February this year, and since then the spacecraft has been performing operations such as capturing images of Mars.
Believe it or not, traveling to Mars is actually the easy part of such a mission. The truly hard part is landing on the planet's surface, as landers must contend with factors like the planet's thin atmosphere, its variable dust storms, and a communication delay between Mars and Earth. This delay makes it impossible for people in mission control on Earth to control a craft in real time as it approaches the planet, so the landing must be performed autonomously.
To slow its speed as the lander approached the surface, it used both a parachute （降落伞）and a retrorocket (减速火箭）in its own "seven minutes of terror" as it moved through the atmosphere. It then landed in the Utopia Planitia area, a large impact basin, part of which was exploded by NASA's Viking 2 lander in the 1970s.
According to China's slate news agency Xinhua, President Xi Jinping said he was sending "warm congratulations and sincere greetings to all members who have participated in the Mars exploration mission.'
The rover will now begin its three- month mission to explore the Utopia Planitia area, where it will be searching for surface and subsurface ice. The mission will involve both the rover and the orbiter working in concert to create a map of water ice, with the orbiter focusing on the planet's polar regions.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?| A．The Tianwen-1 mission includes four space missions. |
| B．Zhurong was known as a great astronomer in ancient China. |
| C．The spacecraft has carried out a series of experiments in advance. |
| D．China achieved success in landing on Mars creating a new record. |
a. Mars's atmosphere. b. Mars's bad weather
c. The landing instructions. d. The communication delay.
| A．abc | B．bed | C．abd | D．abcd |
| A．The landing way is quite different. | B．The landing process is full of danger. |
| C．The landing site is unknown to NASA. | D．The landing time is calculate precisely. |
| A．The analysis of ice samples. |
| B．The mapping of the Mars's polar regions. |
| C．The exploration of the Utopia Planitia area. |
| D．The collection of surface and subsurface ice. |
| A．Space | B．Fiction | C．Medical | D．Nature |
姓名：杨利伟
出生年月：1965年6月
籍贯：辽宁省绥中县
简历：1983年6月参军
1992年调到成都空军某部
1996年8月1500名飞行员参加体检，杨利伟进入14人之列
1998年1月正式成为我国首批航天员，经过5年训练光荣地选为我国首次载人航天飞行首飞队成员
2003年10月15日乘“神舟5号”飞船遨游太空
出生于农民家庭，从儿时起向往蓝天，在部队聪明好学，训练刻苦。
参考词汇：astronaut 宇航员 manned-space aircraft 载人航天飞机 research 研究 candidate 候选人
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3 . Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon---a total lunar eclipse (月食)---on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh-grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed-Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search,” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density (密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world,” Dobek says.
Dobek’s design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or Self-Crowing Farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek’s design. A simulation (模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual (虚拟的) reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions.” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do they should push for it and always try their best.”
1. Dobek first became interested in space when .| A．she was still a seventh-grader |
| B．she studied at a junior high school |
| C．she lived on the top of their house |
| D．she watched an eclipse of the moon |
| A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life |
| B．she had no other students interested in Mars |
| C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts |
| D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance |
| A．The environment on Mars. |
| B．The safety of the supplies. |
| C．The activities for astronauts. |
| D．The comfort of the astronauts. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词角斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分；
3.将改正后的答案按要求写在答题卡的相应位置。
Yang Liwei has wanted to fly since he was a young boy. Lucky, his dream was encouraged by his family. In 1983, he joined the army, and went to flight schools. He graduated in 1987 and become a pilot. In 1998, he applied to join that is now called Shenzhou. He was one of the only 14 selecting from 1,500 candidates. In 2003, three out of the 14 candidates was picked, and Yang was one of they. He took various of tests to prove he was fit for this task. Although Yang didn’t get best scores on every test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests which won him the status as China’s first astronaut.
5 . NASA's Jet Propulsion(喷气推进) Laboratory (JPL) attracted Marlyse Reeves from an early age. Growing up in Pasadena, California, in JPL's backyard, Reeves developed a love for everything related to outer space, and the lab was a regular destination for school field trips. Even as a child, Reeves, now as an MIT senior, knew she wanted to work in the space industry. Her love of space was cultivated at home, too. At MIT, Reeves quickly found her place in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics (航空航天系).
As a junior, Reeves was selected to participate in the GordonMIT Engineering Leadership Program. The program focuses on leadership for engineers—people who may have high technical IQs but who may be not good at expressing themselves. Reeves holds the point that in industry, people have to communicate with other engineers—to explain their ideas and fit into the organizational structure.
In the second year of the program, students become coaches for the new students, which means a team coach observes, and instructs the younger group. So Reeves thinks it's really the secondyear students who are guiding the firstyear students into how they can improve as leaders.
Reeves has been with Women in Aerospace Engineering (WAE) since its beginning in her sophomore year. The group builds a community for women in all aspects of aeronautics. Last month, Reeves helped organize the first WAE Day, an event for 18 high school girls in the Boston area to come to MIT to learn about aerospace engineering. Reeves says events like these are especially important for exposing young women to the possibilities of the field.
Just as she says, “Being a person who has gone into the aerospace industry and has seen the lack of women, there are often times when I am the only female in the room. I think it's important for young women and girls to have role models, and just see that there are women doing it. I have met a lot of strong female role models for myself in industry... A lot of our events are open to men as well. We want to build a community of people who support women in aerospace.”
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?| A．Reeves seldom visited JPL at an early age. |
| B．Reeves became interested in space from childhood. |
| C．Reeves is now a new student studying at MIT. |
| D．Reeves would like to study in the Department of Mathematics at MIT. |
| A．It is aimed at developing engineers' leadership. |
| B．It focuses on increasing students' technical skills. |
| C．It tends to improve students' observation abilities. |
| D．It aims to train excellent engineers for MIT in advance. |
| A．She thinks the industry is prejudiced against women. |
| B．She thinks women have a higher IQ than men in the field. |
| C．She believes having role models has a positive effect on women. |
| D．She feels it is difficult for women to become successful in the field. |
| A．Because it's a girl's dream. |
| B．Because it makes her a leader. |
| C．Because it helps women experience more about aeronautics. |
| D．Because it can strengthen the community. |
6 . July 20, 1969 is a day that will forever go down in the history books as a day that changed the world forever. That was the day when American astronaut and explorer Neil Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the moon.
The moon is located almost 240,000 miles from the Earth. Armstrong and his crew, which included fellow astronauts Michael Collins and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, began their journey into space on the Apollo 11 Lunar Module (登月 舱) on July 16, 1969. Armstrong was the commander of the mission (任务) and he was the one who piloted the aircraft to the surface of the moon. At almost 11 pm on July 20, 1969, Armstrong exited the craft and set foot on the moon, saying the now famous words, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Aldrin later exited the Apollo 11 Lunar Module as he and Armstrong collected samples (样品) from the moon that they could bring back to the Earth with them and study. Also, they took photographs of the moon and its surroundings as well as their footprints on the moon. Michael Collins, the third member of the crew, remained in the command module during this time.
The mission began its return from the moon on July 24, 1969, four days after its historic landing. The Apollo 11 returned, landing just west of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The three-member crew was kept away from others for three weeks just to be sure they were not carrying any unknown diseases or illnesses. After all, it was the first time the moon had been explored, so nobody really knew what to expect. Following that, they were treated as heroes.
1. What do we know about the mission?| A．It ended on July 16, 1969. |
| B．Michael Collins piloted the craft. |
| C．Three astronauts were in the craft. |
| D．Edwin Aldrin was the commander. |
| A．The first time man has landed on the moon. |
| B．Three members’ successful cooperation. |
| C．Mankind’s first time to know the unknown. |
| D．The shortening distance between the moon and the Earth. |
| A．He studied the samples. | B．He also collected samples. |
| C．He took some photographs. | D．He stayed in the command module. |
| A．Because they had become ill. |
| B．Because they needed to take a good rest. |
| C．Because they carried unknown diseases on them. |
| D．Because they might have brought back hidden dangers. |
7 . July 20, 1969 was an important day. Two
Going to outer space is a little like going camping. You have to carry with you all the food and equipment you need for your trip, so your food can’t be too heavy or hard to prepare. Plus, there are no refrigerators to keep food cold and fresh. Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn’t spoil(变坏). So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets.
On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. But there’s no gravity in space. To keep food from floating(漂浮) away, astronauts on the Space Shuttle attach the packets to a special tray(托盘). The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut’s lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut’s nose.
Liquids float right out of cups and glasses, though. So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw(吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good. Some, such as apples and pudding, are the same as the foods you eat on Earth.
Astronauts eat tortillas instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs(碎屑). Floating crumbs could get stuck in equipment or an astronaut’s eye.
Your body uses food in space the same way it does on Earth. Your body must deal with waste in space too. During takeoff and landing, astronauts can’t leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers(尿布) under their spacesuits instead. The Space Shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet.
1. Why do astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper to prepare food?| A．Liquid doesn’t spoil. |
| B．Liquid is convenient to use in space. |
| C．Liquid is lightweight. |
| D．Astronauts are in great need of water. |
| A．Most of them taste pleasant. |
| B．They are mostly fruits. |
| C．Most of them are rather cold. |
| D．They contain too little meat. |
| A．drink from cups and glasses |
| B．always wear diapers in space |
| C．can move freely during landing |
| D．must pay attention to crumbs in space |
| A．Astronaut’s hard life in space. |
| B．How astronauts go to the bathroom. |
| C．The various foods astronauts eat in space. |
| D．How astronauts eat and deal with waste in space. |
9 . Over the next 20 years, we are going to send more and better robots to Mars. Those robots will send back better pictures, maps, samples, and weather reports. There is a limit to what robots can tell us, though, so eventually we will have to send people to study the planet.
Before people can visit Mars, we need to invent a spaceship that can take us there. Mars is very far away. Depending on where Mars and Earth are in their orbits around the sun, it could take between six months to a year to get there.
The moon is much closer, and we were there, 25 years ago. Over the next 10 years, we are going to work on building a new spacecraft that can go to the moon. Using this craft, we will practice the skills we need to go to Mars.
Once we return to the moon, we are going to build a station so that people can live and work on the moon for months at a time. This is important so that we have a place to start from when we want to visit Mars, but it is also important because it gives us practice (实际经历) with living away from Earth.
By the time you are old enough to be an astronaut, we will have people spending months on the moon. By the time you are old enough to be a commander of a space mission, we will be taking trips to Mars. By the time your kids are old enough to be astronauts, we may have people living on Mars. Wouldn’t it be cool to get a postcard from someone who was building a house on Mars? Wouldn’t it be cooler if it was you who sent the postcard?
1. We eventually have to send people on Mars because_________.| A．robots could not send back pictures |
| B．robots can’t tell us all we want to know |
| C．robots are controlled by us humans |
| D．robots are no longer of any use to us |
| A．it gives us experience with living on other planets |
| B．people can plant crops in it |
| C．the new spacecraft can only land in it |
| D．it is a place for astronauts to have fun |
| A．thinks that trips to the moon are impossible |
| B．encourages all kids to become astronauts |
| C．hopes to receive a postcard from the moon |
| D．thinks people’s dream of living on Mars may come true |
