1 . Women scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and changed the world.
Wu Chienshiung (1912—1997)
Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the world’s first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her male colleagues, but Wu’s critical role in the work was overlooked.
Hedy Lamarr (1914—2000)
Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, developed a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology.
Katherine Johns (1918—2020)
African American NASA mathematician Johnson’s calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year career at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”.
Tu Youyou (1930—)
Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize.
1. Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a(n) ________.A.composer | B.producer | C.actress | D.mathematician |
A.She treated people for cancer. | B.She is the first Chinese Nobel winner. |
C.Her discovery helped save millions. | D.Her research project is one of a kind. |
A.They shared the same interest. | B.They each constructed a theory. |
C.They were all awarded the Nobel Prize. | D.They all made a difference to the world. |
2 . The Nobel Prize is considered as one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, honoring people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its unpredictable nature of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a usable explosive. After years of efforts, in 1867, Nobel invented dynamite, which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He built up his wealth from his 355 inventions, from which dynamite was the most important.
When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper mistakenly published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was disappointed to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly blamed Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”
To Alfred, this obituary was a warning. He spent his lifetime alone inventing things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to improve his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last will, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great contributions to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel gave away 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.
1. What led to Nobel’s invention of dynamite according to Paragraph 2?A.The strong desire to make money. | B.His great curiosity and devotion to science. |
C.His lifetime dream of achieving success. | D.The valuable help from his family. |
A.34. | B.40. | C.42. | D.55. |
A.Optimistic. | B.Satisfied. | C.Upset. | D.Supportive. |
A.To be remembered as “the merchant of death”. | B.To prove the importance of his inventions. |
C.To publish his findings of scientific research. | D.To leave a good name to the public. |
1. 介绍人物及事迹;
2. 分享受到的影响。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 题目已为你写好。
4 . At 1:43 a.m. October 5, 2022, Stanford chemist Carolyn R. Bertozzi was awakened by a phone call from a Nobel committee representative who told her, “You have 50 minutes to collect yourself and wait until your life changes.” Instructed not to share the announcement outside of her tightest inner circle, the first person Bertozzi called was her father, a retired physics professor from MIT. “He’s 91 and, of course, he was just overjoyed,” said Bertozzi.
Carolyn Bertozzi, born October 10, 1966, Boston, was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for her development of bioorthogonal reactions, which allow scientists to explore cells and track biological processes without disturbing the normal chemistry of the cell. She shares the $10 million Swedish kronor (about $1 million USD) prize equally with Morten Meldal, professor at University of Copenhagen and K. Barry Sharpless, professor at Scripps Research “for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.”
Carolyn received a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Harvard University in 1988 and a doctorate in the same subject from the University of California, Berkeley in 1993. She was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1993 to 1995. She became an assistant professor at Berkeley in 1996 and a full professor of chemistry and molecular and cell biology in 2002. She also held an appointment as a professor of molecular and cellular pharmacology from 2000 to 2002 at the University of California, San Francisco. In 2015 she became a professor of chemistry at Stanford University.
“I could not be more delighted that Carolyn Bertozzi has won the Nobel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanford President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pioneering the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, Carolyn invented a new way of studying biomolecular processes, one that has helped scientists around the world gain a deeper understanding of chemical reactions in living systems. Her work has had remarkable real-world impact, providing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to treat disease. Carolyn is so deserving of this honor, and all of us at Stanford are too proud to call her one of our own.”
Carolyn’s bioorthogonal reactions have been used to study how cells build proteins and other molecules, to develop new cancer medicines, and to produce new materials for energy storage, among many other applications.
1. Why does the author mention the phone call Carolyn received in Paragraph 1?A.To introduce the background information of Carolyn. |
B.To reveal a conversation between two scientists. |
C.To arouse the readers’ interest in the passage. |
D.To show the urgency about the information. |
A.Her education and success. | B.Her delight and pride. |
C.Her kindness and devotion. | D.Her dream and ambition. |
A.He wants to cooperate with Carolyn. |
B.Carolyn has found a new cure for cancer. |
C.He benefits greatly from Carolyn’s findings. |
D.Carolyn’s findings are of great significance. |
A.A profile. | B.A news report. |
C.A journal. | D.A book review. |
5 . Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879.
Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers!
In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive!
A.Albert spent lots of time in America. |
B.Einstein loved to use his imagination. |
C.His work turned modern physics on its head. |
D.Even as an adult, Einstein was disorganized. |
E.As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems. |
F.And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. |
G.One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything! |
President Xi Jinping signed a presidential order on Tuesday to award four people national medals and honorary titles for their outstanding contributions
Zhong Nanshan, 84,
Zhong also has long been devoted to the research, prevention and
7 . An extremely rare manuscript(手稿) signed by English naturalist Charles Darwin is expected to fetch up to $790,00at a Sotheby’s auction next month. The document contains a passage from the famous 1859 work On the Origin of Species, in which Darwin put forth his theory of evolution.
The document was once thought to be a deserted page from an earlier manuscript of the work. But experts now understand it was written in 1865 and sent to the editor of the Autographic Mirror who had requested a signed writing sample from Darwin.
“While some of Darwin's notes and manuscript pages have survived over the last hundred or more years, he was known to keep revising his publications, often throwing away pages from working drafts as waste paper, making them extremely rare,” Sotheby's said in a statement.
On the Origin of Species was voted the most influential academic book of all time in a public poll held during Academic Book Week in 2015.The book offers Darwin's revolutionary idea that species evolve over generations in the process of natural selection.
Darwin backed up his theory with evidence collected during his 1831—1836 voyage on the H.M S. Beagle, during which he observed and collected specimens (标本) from a number of species. On the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador, Darwin noted that the finches(鸣雀)on the island were similar to finches on the mainland; however, the availability of different foods in each area had led to differences in beak shapes.
The manuscript will be placed on display at Sotheby's in New York between Nov.30 and Dec 8, and online bids will be accepted between Now.25 and Dec.8.The auction house estimates that the document will fetch between $600,000 and $790,000.
The auction, which is titled Age of Wonder, will also include a first edition of On the Origin of Species and a copy of scientific paper by Darwin and another naturalist.
1. What do we know about the manuscript?A.It’s a page of On the Origin of Species. | B.It’s a draft of Darwin's scientific paper. |
C.It’s a signed writing sample to an editor. | D.It’s waste paper from Darwin's study. |
A.His methods of research. | B.His adventure on the sea. |
C.The rare manuscript. | D.His theory of evolution. |
A.supported | B.explained | C.declared | D.created |
A.To put the manuscript on sale. |
B.To display Darwin's works. |
C.To vote the best academic books. |
D.To release a new discovery. |
Sharon Brown
1. 人物事迹简介;
2. 给你的启示。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Good morning, everyone. Today, I’d like to share a story about a man of perseverance.
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Thanks for your listening.
1.人物的简介;
2.对你的影响;
注意:
1.词数100左右
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯
My Role Model
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