1 .

The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be     1    , or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every     2     with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of     3     among people, just at some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be     4     is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these culture, silence is a call for     5    .

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with     6     among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show     7    between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority（权威）rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the     8     meanings of silence wen they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own persona and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not     9     too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing     10     of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.

2 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. inhabitants     B. captured       C. minimum   D. innovation E. network F. apparently       G. highlighted   H. equally     I. humble       J. expansion   K. displays

Is Boasting Good or Bad Business?

Sweden is one of the most creative countries in the world, yet has a culture that warns against boasting about its success in public. And is this    1     manner a help or an obstacle when it comes to start-up?

From household names such as Spotify and Skype, to gaming leaders King and Mojang, Sweden is a land of     2     for industrial changes and new products. Despite just 10 million     3    occupying a land mass largely defined by forest wildness, the nation has in recent years created billion-dollar companies per head than everywhere else outside Silicon Valley.

The more familiar narrative for Sweden’s start-up success story typically includes the following factors. It has strong digital facilities, a highly educated, tech-experienced workforce, and an ideal population size for testing innovations. And for those whose ideas are not in line, there is a strong social welfare     4    to set them back on their feet.

While Ingvar Kamprad, founder of Ikea, has emphasized his being modest and economical in his attitude, research is always at the heart of Ikea’s    5    . These firm-held cultural features have    6     the attention worldwide. Local and global observers are admiring their constant role in promoting Sweden’s lively economy.

“Trying to keep boasting to a    7     and finding a common ground so that everybody is on the same page” remain to be two of the most spreading practice in the Swedish workforce, says Lola Akinmade Akerstrom, a cultural commentator, who     8     this in her recent book Lagorm: The Swedish Secret of Living Well.

Rather than focus on a rock star’s or a CEO’s “killing it” , in Swedish business : “It’s about everybody getting together, making sure their voices are heard     9    , so that they can all reach a most desirable solution together,” she says.

This culture has its roots in what Swedes call “Jantelagen”, which describes a century-old tradition that discourages unnecessary    10    of wealth or success. In other words, nobody should consider themselves better than anyone else.

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be     1    , or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every     2     with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of     3     among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be     4     is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for     5    .

Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with     6         among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show     7     between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.

Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the     8     meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not     9       too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing     10    of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.