1 . Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so.
In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use.
Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.
A.Garbage sorting has been a new fashion. |
B.Another kind of garbage can is even smarter. |
C.It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence. |
D.Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities. |
E.It will affect China’s transformation towards green development. |
F.Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities. |
G.The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment. |
2 . An ancient Latin proverb says “Aquila non capit muscas” —cagles don’t hunt flies—meaning that important ones shouldn’t concern themselves with small, insignificant matters.But the lions in East Africa should concern themselves with the seemingly insignificant ants, because these ants are changing their lifestyles.
The story starts with the acacia trees(金合欢树)in an African wildlife area in central KenyaSome of these acacia trees provide food and shelter for specific ant species, which in turn defend the tree against herbivores(食草动物).The ants are actively attacking and driving away herbivores that attempt to feed on the tree’s leavesThis is highly effective; the ants not only physically harm the herbivores but also release chemicals that can deter other potential attackers.
But these ants are in trouble.Another species called the “big-headed” ant is destroying entire groups of tree-protecting ants.This, in turn, sets off an entire chain of events that ends up influencing when and how lions can hunt.
This ant invasion(入侵)affects one thing after the other.It leaves the acacia trees defenseless against herbivores especially elephants.The elephants come in and eat the acacias at five to seven times the rate observed in uninvaded areas.The lions, while hunting for food, have no more trees to use for hiding.This reduced tree cover makes lions less successful at hunting and pushes them to find different areas to hunt in.
“These tiny invaders are pulling on the ties that put an African ecosystem together, determining who is eaten andwhere,” said Todd Palmer, an ecologist from Florida.
The lions, which are already endangered, are managing to cope with this by no longer focusing their attention on zebras.The zebras, of course, can see them much better on the approach given the lack of cover.Instead, they are targeting water buffalo.But this also isn’t the end of the story.Who knows what the lions’ changing strategy will mean for the ecosystem down the line?
1. What does the underlined word “deter” in paragraph 2mean?A.Direct. | B.Discourage. | C.Identify. | D.Seek. |
A.Cooperating with “big-headed” ants. | B.Damaging the hiding place for lions. |
C.Protecting the acacias from herbivores. | D.Starting off the disturbance of the chain. |
A.animals fall victim to bigger ones | B.the ecology is on the road to recovery |
C.animals are corelated in the ecosystem | D.species are firmly positioned in the food chain |
A.What ecologists find about animals. | B.Why African lions are endangered. |
C.How tiny ants affect the way lions hunt. | D.How the law of the jungle works in Africa. |
3 . You may have wondered how lavender is used for social anxiety. But first, just what is lavender? Lavender, also known as English or garden lavender, is a herb native to the Mediterranean region. Historically, lavender was used to mummify bodies in Egypt, in baths in Greece and Rome, and for curing the broken skin and mental health purposes. Today, lavender is used as a traditional or complementary remedy for relaxation, to reduce anxiety, and depression, as well as for diseases such as stomach upset and headaches.
No scientific studies have specifically examined the benefits of lavender use for social anxiety disorder. In a 2000 study, Cook and Ernst reported that in general, aromatherapy (芳香疗法) is helpful in reducing anxiety and stress in the short-term. A 2012 study also showed some evidence of the usefulness of lavender taken for anxiety. More research is needed to support the use of lavender for the treatment of social anxiety disorder.
Lavender is usually used in the form of an essential oil as part of aromatherapy. The scent is inhaled, or the oil is applied to the skin, which will benefit the anxious people quickly. Dried lavender can also be used to make a tea or liquid extract. Lavender may also be taken in pill form. Lavender tea can be made by using 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried leaves for 15 minutes in a cup of boiling water. In liquid extract form, no more than 60 drops of lavender should be taken in a day. Before taking lavender in liquid form, you should read the product label and discuss the dose with a qualified health care provider.
There is not enough scientific evidence to safely recommend lavender for children younger than 18 years. Lavender taken by mouth has the potential to increase the risk of bleeding. If you suffer from a bleeding disorder or are taking medicine that may increase bleeding,use caution when taking lavender.
1. What can we know about lavender from paragraph l?A.It can help deal with mental health problems. |
B.It was used to preserve dead bodies in Greece. |
C.It was used to cure stomach upset and headaches. |
D.It is a herb introduced into the Mediterranean region. |
A.The treatment for social anxiety disorder. |
B.The history of aromatherapy reducing stress. |
C.The benefits of lavender used for mental disorder. |
D.The researches on the use of lavender for social anxiety. |
A.By collecting data. | B.By making a list. |
C.By introducing concepts. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.It may worsen the bleeding. |
B.It’s proved to be unsafe for kids of 14. |
C.Lavender in pill form functions better than that in liquid. |
D.A dose should be decided according to the product label. |
4 . Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do, but like many products, they take a huge amount of energy to produce.
Over-consumption of plants is a big issue. It’s so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants, and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.
If you are ready and able to increase your collection, propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more, and share plants with others.
Recycling takes a huge amount of input, which can end up more damaging to the environment, so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year, buy fewer things of a higher quality.
A.But large collections call for an enormous amount of work. |
B.Many commercial growers continue to market their produce. |
C.This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture. |
D.These will last many years and be more cost-effective in the long term. |
E.So it’s important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after. |
F.Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment. |
G.Many large-scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment. |
5 . A future where insects make up a large part of the world’s diet is on the horizon. Despite the unpleasant nature of such cuisine, insects have been considered a delicacy in some parts of world for centuries. Their being low-fat and high-protein makes them a perfect choice for reducing hunger.
Animal protein from livestock (家畜), such as cows, chicken and pigs, takes up 80 percent of the entire world’s farmland, despite only making up less than one-fifth of calories consumed globally.
Insects such as grasshoppers, meal worms and crickets are packed full of protein with much higher vitamin levels than pork or beef.
It seems that insects are an ideal solution for many issues the world today is faced with.
Times are changing. The European Union last year declared that meal worms were safe for human consumption. Cricket protein powder is also increasing greatly in popularity, with Canada rapidly becoming the largest market for the product.
A.They also have a host of environmental benefits. |
B.Insects reproduce quickly and have high growth rates. |
C.Unlike agriculture, insects produce far fewer greenhouse gases. |
D.They require little space, water and technology to raise compared to livestock. |
E.However, making them a delicious cuisine can be a challenge in several cultures. |
F.By freeing up livestock space, huge expanses of land could be returned to nature. |
G.A future where insects will become invaluable to space exploration is also upcoming. |
6 . A wild African bird that will lead people to trees with honeycomb (蜂巢) seems to somehow learn the distinct whistles and calls of the human foragers (觅食者) who live near them.
This bird species has far more information about what the bees are doing than humans ever could. In Tanzania, Hadza foragers can use a special whistle to attract this bird, which will then fly down and start leading them to honey. With its noisy chattering sound, the bird is very conspicuous. Once the bird arrives at a tree with honey inside, it will rest near the beehive silently, seemingly not to disturb the bees. “That’s the signal to the Hadza to really start searching,” says Brian Wood, an anthropologist at University of California, Los Angeles. Pretty soon, the foragers will locate the hive and cut open the tree trunk.
It is found that the birds are more likely to show up when the familiar signal used by the locals is being broadcast. According to the research, the birds appear 82% of the time when Hadza whistles are being played. But they appear only 24% of the time when the researchers play the whistles traditionally used in a different country.
This makes it clear that the birds have learned what their human neighbors do when they want to partner up and go honey-hunting. “This is a very strong result which supports the idea that there’s a learning process involved,” says Wood.
But how do the birds learn? It’s still unclear. What is clear is that this human-animal communication seems to benefit both parties, and it may go back many thousands of years. When the honeycomb is out, the birds get some of the beeswax, which they love to eat. And the human foragers get the honey—which is an enormously important food for the Hadza. Wood has calculated that the Hadza get about 10% of the calories in their annual diet with the help of the birds.
1. What does the underlined word “conspicuous” in Para.2mean?A.Eye-catching. | B.Care-free. | C.Naughty. | D.Attractive. |
A.They are raised by humans. | B.They help cut open the tree trunk. |
C.They feed on honey as their annual diet. | D.They can distinguish different whistles. |
A.A complex dilemma. | B.An unfair trade. |
C.A double-edged sword. | D.A win-win cooperation. |
A.The familiar signal in the forest. |
B.A talented expert in hunting the bees. |
C.A wonderful guide to collecting honey. |
D.The human-animal communication in Tanzania. |
Long ago in Ancient China, there was a mythical figure
It is said that the home town of Shennong was a forest in Hubei Province, which today is called “Shennongjia”. This beautiful and diverse region covers
Banbiyan is famous for its stone forest, as well as its bamboo forests and grasslands that flood with
内容包括:1.时间及地点;2.展览内容和学生收获;3.活动反响。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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9 . The honeybee waggle dance has been celebrated as a most complex animal communication system. A study uncovered its new property that bees must partially learn the dance from watching experienced dancers, a discovery that torpedoes the general perception that the dance is wholly inborn. A dancer bee relays information to follower bees about the target location by adjusting herself while shaking her stomach, allowing for impressive flexibility in the angle, duration and her enthusiasm. Her body’s angle corresponds to the sun’s position relative to the nest entrance.
The distance information is conveyed by the dance duration. And the more energetic and passionate the dance, the better the food. She’ll waggle in a straight line for seconds before circling back to repeat the dance, creating the figure eight pattern.
This bee waggle dance system was long assumed to be natural behavior, but researchers made a breakthrough through an experiment. They created territories of newborn bees completely separated from mature ones. When the newborn started visiting flowers and producing their first waggle dances, they consistently made more errors in the way they reported the angle and distance to the food source than bees raised in mixed-aged territories and thus exposed to the waggle dance since they were born. They also generated looser figure eight patterns, making it harder for the follower bees to get the message. Even when placed back into a territory with mature bees, they never seemed to learn how to communicate information correctly.
These results suggest every honeybee is born with a waggle dance model that gives them a basic understanding of how to dance. By watching their elders, they’ll acquire new rules on how to generate the dance unique to their territory.
This is the first known example of such complex social learning of communication in insects and is a form of animal culture, strikingly similar to the way human language generates new languages to shape itself around the local conditions. While the waggle dance is second to human language in terms of the ability to communicate diverse information through random symbols, the newly-discovered property makes it even more language-like and just that much more mind-blowing.
1. What does the underlined word “torpedoes” mean in paragraph 1?A.Illustrates. | B.Overturns. | C.Fits in with. | D.Gives rise to. |
A.The dancer’s physical angle. | B.The dancer’s dance duration. |
C.The dancer’s dance liveliness. | D.The dancer’s body flexibility. |
A.They’re absolutely ignorant of the waggle dance. |
B.They can’t survive but for contact with mature bees. |
C.They enhance dance routines by autonomous trial and error. |
D.They can master the local dance by following elders from birth. |
A.The waggle dance. | B.Human language. |
C.The new property. | D.Diverse information. |
1. 专刊的意义;
2. 专刊的内容;
3. 寄予的希望。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。
Dear Readers,
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Warm regards,
Li Hua
Editor-in-chief