1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Beautiful and fragile coral reefs (珊瑚礁) in tropical oceans worldwide are threatened     1     climate change and storms. Now     2     (traveler) can help restore them by supporting coral replanting programs.

National Geographic Explorer Paola Rodríguez-Troncoso     3     (work) on a Mexican program for six years that sustainably replanted more than 6,000 coral fragments (碎片). In this project, divers collect fragments from the ocean floor     4    have been washed away by storms or waves. Then they fasten     5     (health) pieces to the substrata (底土层) of reefs at the same or nearby sites. It’s     6     process that can vary by location. For example, in some areas, such as French Polynesia, the coral fragments     7     (place) in underwater nurseries to recover before replanting.

Conservation groups are starting to educate and involve visitors in these efforts.     8     (avoid) programs that may do more harm than good, Rodriguez-Troncoso cautions the persons who break off fragments from healthy corals on purpose or fail to get the     9     (require) permits. Though replanted fragments grow     10     (slow)，each one can be part of a reef’s centuries-long life span. Rodriguez-Troncoso says, “That will really help.”

2 . Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits with Loeb’s alien (外星的) spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit (轨道) of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.

Astronomers in Hawaii found the first known interstellar (星际的) object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away, part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris (碎片) from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.”

“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.

Loeb says that “Oumuamua’s” behavior, means it can’t be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that’s very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship’s sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs, he will immediately give in.

Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk- taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn’t mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.

1. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?

A．It is an icy comet.

B．It looks like a long photo.

C．It is actually some sort of rock.

D．It may come from another alien civilization.

2. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Searches for.	B．Depends on.
C．Turns to.	D．Goes against.

3. What do you think of Loeb?

A．He is foolish.

B．He is unsatisfied with his titles.

C．He is a firm believer in scientific truth.

D．He is uncertain about his career future.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?

B．Do We Really Know about Space Theory?

C．Scientists Are Working on High Technology

D．Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel

3 . “It has nothing in common with anything else on the Bund(外滩) "said Ben Wood, the American architect behind Shanghai's famous Xintiandi District, commenting on the Fosun Foundationafter its completion in 2016. "The great thing about the Bund is that it'sgrand. Perhaps a building that can stand out is needed here to show that acompany is progressive. But it's not grand.”

For now, however, the FosunFoundation ---a new theatre ---is proving popular with riverside tourists.

Located in the Bund FinanceCenter, the theatre was designed by co-operation of two world-known Britishdesign firms: Foster+ Partners and Heatherwick Studio. The architecturalhighlight is the outward appearance ---a golden, three-layered(层) steel bamboo curtain that hangs fromthe third floor. But what makes the architecture really unique is that it"dances" : repeatedly each day, the curtain slowly moves ---opens andcloses--- with music. This visual element, combining East and West, looks likeboth an ancient Chinese crown and a Western harp (竖琴). The building's ground floor entrancelooks unclear, but once inside, you'll see the space reveal a hall and cafe, and traditional Chinese theatres on the upper floors. Although there're onlyfour stories above ground, the building houses several music halls on its threeunderground floors.

“The opportunity to makesomething new in this culturally historic location was extraordinary, "said Thomas Heatherwick, Heatherwick Studio founder. "We tried to make itan interesting addition to show Shanghais mix of modern and historicarchitecture.”

The Fosun Foundation is only part of a bigger plan for this economicand cultural center in China. Along the Huangpu River, a massive waterfront artarea is being built. Shanghai hopes to play a larger role in the global artindustry in the coming years.

What Shanghai makes of thisnew riverside project remains to be seen. But with the Fosun Foundation open tothe public, the area's rapid transformation is bringing up discussions inChina's arts scene and beyond.

1. What did Ben Wood mainly talk about?

A．How to keep the Bund area progressive.

B．Why the Bund area doesn't stand out.

C．How to make the Fosun Foundation grand.

D．Why the Fosun Foundation doesn’t fit the area.

2. What makes the theatre unusual?

A．The colour of its appearance.

B．The material of the building

C．The movement of its curtain.

D．The music of a different type.

3. What is Shanghai's bigger plan for the Bund area?

A．To improve its influence in arts.

B．To bring up more traditional buildings.

C．To strengthen its economic role.

D．To mix modern and historic elements.

4. Which word best describes the author's attitude to the plan?

A．Worried

B．Pessimistic

C．Cautious

D．Confident

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

If the world wants to control global warming, water shortage and pollution, we all need to welcome “flexitarian” diets. This means     1     (eat) mainly plant-based foods, and is a key step toward     2     environment friendly future for all in 2050, they say.

The authors say that present food industry has a number of environmental effects including being a great driver of climate change, using up freshwater     3     causing pollution through heavy use of chemical fertilizer. The study finds that no single solution will avoid the dangers, so a combined approach     4     (need). So when it comes to climate change, the authors looked at     5     they called a “flexitarian” diet.

“We can eat a range of     6     (health) diets but what they all have in common, according to the     7     (late) scientific evidence, is that they are all     8     (relative) plant-based,” said Dr. Marco from the University of Oxford. We call it a flexitarian diet over to a vegetarian (素食的) diet.

If the world moved     9     this type of diet, the study finds that greenhouse gas emissions (排放物)from farming would be reduced by more than half.     10    (accept) by the experts, this type of diet is bound to be adopted by more and more people.

5 . Keeping curious kids from disrupting wildlife

Interacting with the wild, naturally curious kids tend to collect seashells at the beach or keep small wildlife as pets.     1     So how to help kids protect the wild while enjoying spending time outsides? Here are alternatives for some of the most common outdoor behavior no-nos.

Take an interest, not things. Kids show interest in picking flowers, rocks, or shells outdoors. They’re part of wildlife's habitat and play an important role.     2     Let kids explore with a magnifying glass (放大镜)instead of their curious fingers. Let whatever they find outside stay outside.

    3     It seems a fun idea to throw pieces of bread to ducks. Animals have unique dietary needs that are different from humans. Eating human food can make them sick or become dependent on human food. Bears are an example of animals that often have to be killed after developing a taste for human food.

Admire animal afar, not disrupt nearby. The urge to take a photo with a squirrel, bird, or slow-moving turtle can be strong for kids.     4     Instead, remind kids to stay away and show them how to use a camera's zoom button, or just admire with their eyes.

Take well-worn paths, not off-road romps (嬉戏). Kicking piles of leaves, stepping on bushes, and walking through forested areas can unintentionally scare wildlife. If surprised animals defend their homes, everyone could get hurt. Nobody likes having a guest come in and destroy their home and act rudely.    5    

A．Keep snacks away from animals.

B．Share food if animals are hungry.

C．Exposure to them develops kids’ love and curiosity.

D．The same rule applies to visiting wildlife in their homes.

E．Animals rely on plants for hiding; rocks and shells, for homes.

F．Approaching animals disrupts what they do for survival, such as eating.

G．Despite innocent purposes, kids’ curiosity accidentally damages the wild.

6 . These animal dads have some seriously strange ideas about fatherhood.

Barbary macaque

Unlike human dads boasting of their kids' winning contests or college acceptances, barbary macaques, monkeys that are native to North Africa, show off babies as a way to impress each other and build social networks. These monkeys live in troops of about 30 members, and life centers around the babies born each spring.

During baby season, males carry the infants, even picking up little ones that aren’t their own offspring (后代). However, there are status symbols, used to build male social networks and connections within the group. The infants can serve as a social passport, to approach other males and hang out with them. After all, it’s much simpler to break the ice if you have a cute baby in hand.

Sand grouse

Lots of dads bring home the bacon. But for young sand grouses living in Namibia’s dry deserts, water is the essential resource. Sand grouse fathers are the frequent flyers that travel almost 125 miles each day to fill up for the family at a watering hole.

With no other way to transport water, male sand grouses settle in the pool, rocking back and forth to bathe their belly feathers. Filling up can take 15 minutes, leaving them exposed to killers like falcons (猎鹰). But it all pays off. The dads return home after a long day and are able to provide their babies with few precious tablespoons of liquid.

Pipefish

Pregnant pipefish males-yes, males-give birth to live young from eggs that females deposit in their brood pouches (育儿袋). This mothering act has earned them praise as devoted animal dads.

But it turns out that the pregnant pipefish also has a wandering eye. If he sees a bigger female he often aborts (流产) existing eggs. If he stops exporting nutrients to the developing embryos (胚胎) while reabsorbing nutrients from abortions, he assures enough resources to invest in the more rewarding offspring.

Blue poison dart frog

Females of this species lay only about half a dozen precious eggs. That is maybe why dads are so devoted to them. Frog eggs must stay watery or moist, and these devoted dads accomplish that by regularly urinating on them over the course of 10 days, until they hatch (孵化) as tadpoles.

1. Barbary macaques carry their kids around in order to _____.

A．show how proud they are about being a father.

B．show their family strength within monkey groups.

C．center around their kids as a tradition.

D．build up better relations with other monkeys.

2. The resource of water or liquid is precious to _____.

A．barbary macaque and sand grouse.

B．sand grouse and pipefish.

C．pipefish and blue poison dart frog.

D．sand grouse and blue poison dart frog.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Sand grouse carries the water by drinking it first and then spitting it out.

B．Pipefish gives up some eggs in order to make himself stronger.

C．Male blue poison dart frog protects the eggs by keeping them wet.

D．Sand grouse has to compete for water with the falcon.

7 . More than half the world’s population live in cities, and by 2050 the UN expects that proportion to reach 68%. This means more homes, roads and other infrastructure. In India alone, a city the size of Chicago will have to be developed every year to meet demand for housing. Such a construction increase is a bad sign for dealing with climate change, because making steel and concrete, two of the most common building materials, generates around 8% of the world’s CO2 emissions (排放). If cities are to expand and become greener at the same time, they will have to be made from something else.

Wood is one of the most promising sustainable (可持续的) alternatives to steel and concrete. It is not, however, everyday wood that is attracting the interest of architects.

Rather, it is a material called engineered timber. This is a combination of different layers, each designed to meet the requirements of specific parts such as floors, panels and beams (横梁). Designers can use it to provide levels of strength like steel, in a product that is up to 80% lighter. In addition, engineered timber is usually made into large sections in a factory for future use, which reduces the number of deliveries to a construction site.

According to Michael Ramage of the University of Cambridge, a wooden building produces 75% less CO2 than a steel and concrete one of the same size. However, if building with wood takes off, it does raise concern about there being enough trees to go round. But with sustainably managed forests that should not be a problem, says Dr Ramage. A family-sized apartment requires about 30 cubic metres of timber, and he estimates Europe’s sustainable forests alone grow that amount every seven seconds. Nor is fire a risk, for engineered timber does not burn easily. Besides, fireproofing layers can be added to the timber. All in all, then, it looks as if wood as a building material may get a new lease of life.

1. Why is India mentioned in paragraph 1?

A．To point out the severe pollution.

B．To predict the population increase.

C．To indicate the high degree of urbanization.

D．To show the great need for building materials.

2. What can be learned about engineered timber?

A．It is produced at a low cost.

B．It hardly appeals to architects.

C．It helps save energy in transportation.

D．It possesses greater strength than steel.

3. What does the underlined phrase “takes off” in the last paragraph mean ?

A．Becomes cheaper.	B．Gains popularity.
C．Requires less work.	D．Proves sustainable.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Making Future Cities More Attractive

B．Living in a World with Less Emission

C．Building Sustainable Cities with Woods

D．Growing More Trees for Future Building