1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word or phrase that best fits each blank.

One of the most common things we hear people say is "I had one of these plants once but it died", and the first thing we ask is "How were you watering it?"

Watering is one of the most important aspects of succeeding with Tillandsias(铁兰), and one of the most misunderstood. Because their common name is Air Plants, people tend to think of these plants as needing little or no water(as living on air). This is the    1    ( big) mistake you can make. Tillandsias need water.    2    they can survive for long periods of drought, they are not growing in these conditions. They are just trying to survive, and will eventually die    3    water is scarce for too long.

Your plant will also rot and die if     4    (leave)wet for too long. Basically this means your plant wants water, but needs to dry out completely before    5    ( water) again. Plants should be given enough light and air circulation to dry in no longer than 4 hours. It's best    6    (water)your plants in the morning so they dry by nightfall.

Humidity is not    7    source of water for your plant. Tillandsias    8    only obtain their water if it is on their leaves, in nature through dew, fog and rain. Humidity only delays the drying process. Get to know your plant and handle the leaves. After you water them, the leaves will feel stiff and full of water, when in need of water they will be softer to the touch and the plant will be lighter in color.

Generally speaking, water quality is not important to Trillandsias. They do not tend to show water spots and are basically only susceptible(易受……影响) to pH8 or higher, or too much salt. Artificially softened water has too much sodium(salt) for Tillandsias and should not be used    9    it will slowly cause die back(枯萎). Distilled water is too pure and will actually pull nutrients out of the plant tissue,     10    ( cause) death.

2 . Imagine that you're an insect，and that you have fallen ill because some bacteria or parasites have attacked your body. If you want to make it to a ripe old_______age，your body will need to fight off these_______.

The problem is that if you're an insect，your_______span may be only a few days long. This means that _______humans，you simply don't have the time to relax yourself in bed，watching TV and waiting for your body to_______how to fight off each disease it comes across.

Still，there's no reason for your insect self to be_______and thus lose calmness. Evolution has_______you with what scientists call inborn immunity，which you take over from your parents. Inborn immunity means that your bug body has the power to_______recognize and destroy many_______enemies.

In your bug body there is a fluid called hemolymph（血淋巴），which is________to human blood. If you're________，elements in the hemolymph interact with specialized cells in your immune system to thicken and form a hard dry covering over the________of the wound that locks your wound and prevents infection. The hemolymph also contains proteins that are ready to________enemies like bacteria or fungi. However，some attackers，like tiny parasitic insects，may be too large for the proteins to________.

In this case，your body encloses the enemy and walls it off from the rest of the body. The enveloped enemy then stays inside you for the rest of your________insect life，or until you fly into a windshield，whichever comes first.

1.

A．human

B．insect

C．school

D．retirement

2.

A．attackers

B．disorders

C．attempts

D．creatures

3.

A．wing

B．attention

C．memory

D．life

4.

A．apart from

B．speaking of

C．similar to

D．different from

5.

A．try out

B．drown out

C．figure out

D．point out

6.

A．shocked

B．frightened

C．confused

D．bored

7.

A．provided

B．decorated

C．littered

D．sheltered

8.

A．accidentally

B．temporarily

C．instantly

D．rarely

9.

A．common

B．nasty

C．public

D．dangerous

10.

A．relative

B．equivalent

C．resistant

D．poisonous

11.

A．injured

B．disturbed

C．awakened

D．stirred

12.

A．root

B．poison

C．bottom

D．surface

13.

A．kidnap

B．capture

C．kill

D．bite

14.

A．handle

B．treat

C．spread

D．separate

15.

A．golden

B．long

C．artificial

D．natural

3 . How to deal with waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste-disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult.

During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site (垃圾填埋场). Residents or trash haulers (垃圾拖运者) would transport household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by.

Factories, mills, and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.

Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, which are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas seldom have empty land suitable for this purpose. Land is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods. Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent.

Awareness of pollution dangers has led to more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow.

Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 per cent of a city’s reusable waste.

1. The most suitable title for this passage would be “ _________ ”.

A．Places for Disposing Waste	B．Waste Disposal Problem
C．Ways of Getting Rid of Waste	D．Waste Pollution Dangers.

2. During the 18th century, people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT ______.

A．recycling it	B．burying it
C．burning it	D．throwing it into rivers

3. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that in modern society ______.

A．farm areas willingly accept waste from the city

B．there is cheap land to bury waste

C．ways to deal with waste stay the same as those in the past

D．it is no longer possible to have landfills, even in rural areas

4. The main purpose of writing this article is to ______.

A．suggest a better way to get rid of waste

B．warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing

C．call on people to take part in recycling programs

D．draw people’s attention to waste management