1 .     1    

During the wartime, military technologies developed quickly. Air raids (空袭) had an extremely destructive impact on wildlife populations as they contributed to the destruction of habitats. Apart from the bombs dropped during air raids, aircraft were also a significant source of air pollution. The most devastating environmental impact of the war was caused by the atomic bombs used by the US on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The atomic bombs destroyed the natural wildlife in the area in seconds. A significant number of fish and land animals died.

·The Vietnam War

    2    . During the war, the Vietnamese hid in the forests which led to the Americans using chemical agents to clear them. The chemical agents quickly destroyed the trees’ leaves. One of the main chemicals was Agent Orange. Apart from affecting the environment it caused congenital (先天性的) disabilities among the Vietnamese.     3    . Years after the trees were sprayed, many animals and plants were unable to regenerate.

·The Rwandan Genocide

One of the major impacts of the Rwandan Genocide was the massive loss of life. It has been estimated that more than 800,000 people died.     4    . Large numbers of trees were cut down to provide wood used by the refugees (难民) as they fled from their homes. The war also reduced the population of wildlife within Rwanda’s borders.

·The Gulf War

During the Gulf War, one of the main participants, the Iraqi military, used the scorched earth policy that dramatically affected the land in Kuwait.     5    . This brought great disasters to sea animals.

A．Famous Wars in History

B．Environmental Impact of War

C．The wildlife in the region was also affected to a great extent

D．The activity also resulted in the terrible destruction of forests

E．Apart from this, they also poured vast quantities of oil into the sea

F．The Vietnamese army played a great role in destroying the forests

G．The US employed several strategies that greatly affected the environment

2 . 用本部分所学词汇知识完成下面短文(每空一词)。

    1     ( 台风) Goni, which made landfall in the Philippines with strong winds, appeared not to attack the area in and around the capital Manila, with its 13 million residents.

The storm c    2     at least 16 people’s lives in the Bicol Region of Luzon, the most populous island of the Philippines. Several died from an overflowing river, while one was killed by a falling tree. Thousands of people were r    3     and relocated, particularly those living in vulnerable (易受攻击的) areas.

Goni, which at one point was one of the most powerful storms ever recorded, had weakened to a tropical storm, according to the national weather agency. It was f    4     to reach Vietnam later with heavy rains, but not damaging winds, thus not     5     (危及) their people.

“Right now, we are busy dealing with the e    6    , including clearing the roads and fallen electricity wires and providing food and supplies,” the official in charge said.

3 . 读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Luis Sandoval was eating a sandwich after school when the phone rang. It was his father     1     (work) for the city government.

“Luis,     2     (be) your mother there?” he asked. “No, Papa. She went to the supermarket with Simon and Alex.”

“Please listen     3     (careful). Hurricane Dean is moving in our direction. It will reach our coast in three or four days. The government has declared (宣布) a state of emergency.”

“Are we     4     danger, Papa?”

“Not if we prepare. It may be as bad as Hurricane Wilma. Do you remember     5     we did then?”

“Yes, Papa.”

“Then start preparing.”

Luis remembered Hurricane Wilma very well. A rise in the ocean, usually     6     (call) a storm surge, flooded large areas along the coast. Winds up to 240 kilometres per hour destroyed homes.

Luis took out two backpacks and put some food, water, and other     7     (supply) in each one. By the time his mother and two little brothers came back, he     8     (pack) everything they needed.

The next morning, Luis and his mother and brothers left the city     9     (stay) at a storm shelter. They would be safe from the hurricane there. Luis’s father remained in the city to help those     10     could not leave.

4 . 语法填空

With climate change, bad weather often     1     (occur) in the world. I take the Tube to work and my journey is on the     2     (hot) line of the Tube system. I look through the newspaper that tells us “Hot! Hot! Hot! ” Such bad weather can’t     3     (stand).

Without air     4     (condition), the temperature inside the train     5     (reach) 35 degrees, which makes me feel a bit sick. I think     6     what happened in my workplace, a tall glass building, one hot summer —the sun reflected off it and     7     (melt) cars parked below!

When thinking about the flood in London, I must manage     8     (swim) or buy a boat and so on. The bad weather     9     (occur) due to climate change in the world,   such as a hurricane in Asia, landslides in Eastern Europe, and forest fires in Southern Europe,     10     makes me very nervous. I even plan to move to space.

However, as I step out of the station, I feel a fresh wind on my face. Maybe the condition is not the same as I’m thinking. I have been worrying a lot.

5 . 语法填空

The hurricane happened     1     (sudden), and the roof flew off. The street turned     2     a river and we were going nowhere. At first, I was     3     (please) we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. We didn’t have enough     4     (drink) water. It was hot and it smelled so bad everywhere!   What’s     5     (bad), we had nothing     6     clothes on our backs.     7     (fortunate), my mother encouraged us and the stars in the sky gave us light. After     8     few days, we were rescued and the     9     (miss) Smartie came home in time, which made us happy. Now, one year has passed, but the beauty of the stars of New Orleans inspires us and gives us     10     (confident) to move on.

6 . The world’s oldest known wild bird, an albatross (信天翁) named Wisdom, has returned to her nesting place in the Midway Atoll. The 68-­year­-old bird has just laid another egg.

The Midway Atoll is made of two small islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It is an important place for albatrosses, and an important place for scientists who want to study them. One of the ways scientists can study birds is by banding (给……戴环志) them. Putting a small numbered band on the leg of a bird, helps scientists tell which bird is which. This makes it easier to keep track of what happens among the birds. Over 250,000 albatrosses have been banded on Midway since 1936.

Wisdom was first banded by scientist Chandler Robbins in 1956, along with thousands of other albatrosses. At the time, she was at least 5 years old. Wisdom carried Robbins’ band around the world for many years. Then, surprisingly, the scientist and the bird were reunited in 2002, when Robbins returned to Midway to research albatrosses again. He rebanded Wisdom and, checking the band records, discovered he had been the first one to put a band on her — 46 years before.

Wisdom was using the same nesting place. Adult albatrosses spend a lot of their lives flying over the sea, resting from time to time on the water to eat. But they return to the same nesting place every year. When albatrosses choose a partner (配偶), they remain partners for life. But Wisdom has been alive so long that she has had a few partners.

Wisdom is not just old, she is also active. Because it takes so much time and energy for parent albatrosses to raise a chick — it takes about seven months until it can fly — many albatrosses lay eggs every other year. But Wisdom has laid an egg every single year since 2006. Because Wisdom has been laying eggs for so long, she could have her chicks and the chicks of her chicks all around her. There may soon be one more to add to the list.

1. What does the author want to do in Paragraph 2?

A．Use an example to support the topic.

B．Offer some background information.

C．Give an explanation for what happened.

D．Attract the readers’ interest in the topic.

2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．How albatrosses are banded.

B．How biologists study albatrosses.

C．The life of Wisdom since she was banded.

D．The connection between Wisdom and a scientist.

3. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Wisdom.	B．Wisdom’s chick.
C．A baby albatross.	D．A parent albatross.

4. How is Wisdom different from ordinary albatrosses?

A．She lays an egg every year.

B．She uses different nesting spots.

C．She changes partners very often.

D．She has been banded several times.

7 . 课文内容填空

Pupils lives spared during Falmont earthquake

Introduction of the earthquake in Falmont

*On 17 March, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake.   

*Only 5 students suffered slight injuries.   

*The current figures of 7 killed and over     1     injured in the disaster area at large.

During the earthquake

*Reactions of students were quick and correct.   

*Moved under their    2    , head first, and    3     the legs of the desks; remained     4     and waited calmly and quietly.   

* Alice Brown opened the     5    

The shaking stopped

*She     6     to her students to exit the classroom.   

*The whole class went down the     7     and rushed to the playground.   

*A roll call.   

*They practise earthquake safety

    8     twice a year

Girl saves 100 from tsunami
Introduction

A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of     9    

Course

a. Sabrina Andron noticed something odd:   

*The water was not calm and it wasn’t going in and then out

*These were signs of an approaching tsunami

b. Sabrina was but she soon kept her head.   She warned her parents of the danger, but her parents didn’t believe   

c. At last, the officer realized the coming danger and     10     of people

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese scientists have developed a kind of plastic that degrades in sea water and could help slow down the     1    (increase) serious plastic pollution in the ocean.

The new plastic can degrade in sea water over a period ranging from a few days to several hundred days,     2    (leave) small parts that cause no pollution, said Wang Gexia,     3     is a senior engineer. 

For a long time, people focused     4     white pollution on land. Plastic pollution in the sea only caught people’s attention when more and more     5    (report) about marine animals dying from it appeared in recent years.

Scientists combined water dissolution and biodegradation processes     6    (design) and invent     7     new plastic.

The research     8    (select) as one of the winning projects at a contest. The contest encouraged young Chinese scientists to develop groundbreaking technologies and was intended to inspire creativity. 

China has given top attention to     9    (environment) protection, contributing Chinese wisdom to     10    (resolve) global pollution problems.

9 . My dog, Nala, loves rolling around in a patch of grass any chance she gets. And it always cracks me up to watch her have the time of her life.     1    . To find out why Nala and so many other dogs like to stop, drop and roll, I reached out to Dr. Stephanie Austin, a veterinarian, who explained that dogs can roll in the grass for several reasons! Here are some of the most common explanations behind this behavior

She’s enjoying a smell.     2    . “They are picking up on hundreds of nuanced scents that we can’t even comprehend!” Dr. Austin told The Dodo. “Sometimes they want to enjoy a scent they’ve found in the grass and will roll around in it to do just that.”

She’s covering up her own scent. According to Dr. Austin, there is another theory that dogs may roll in grass to cover their own scent, as more of an inherited predatory instinct.     3    .

    4    . “It’s good to rule out any allergies and make sure your dog isn’t rolling a ton to scratch a constantly itchy back or side, but otherwise, it’s probably normal that he’s having a good time,” Dr. Austin said.

If you notice your dog rolling around in the grass, it’s probably just her having the best time ever. I’m not sure about you,     5    .

A．In other words, they want to smell like the environment so they don’t scare off prey

B．but that grass may look extra appealing to your dog

C．I’ve always wondered why she actually does it

D．She’s scratching an itch

E．It’s important to remember how incredibly powerful your dog’s nose is

F．but now I’m even thinking about joining mine next time

G．She’s cooling off

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

17­-year­-old Jackson Hinkle, a surfer, has always been aware of     1     issue of plastic pollution and its effects on ocean ecosystems. This year, however, was a big year when it came to taking action, reports Teen Vogue. He became a Water Ambassador for The Water Effect at The Ecology Center, and     2     (organize) a march against the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) in Orange County to raise people’s awareness of water rights and support the     3     (create) of a clean future. Besides, he     4     (present) serves as the founder and president of Team Zissou, an     5     (environment) club that has popped up in schools in California, Hawaii, Washington, and Canada. Jackson is also leading a campaign in his town called “Plastic Free SC,”     6     promotes the usage of reusable water bottles. “Our team is urging local restaurants and eateries     7     (join) our movement by transferring from carrying plastic water bottles to selling more sustainable paper water bottles, and is planning to equip our city     8     new water bottle refill stations and water fountains.”     9     (find) out simple ways you can start reducing your carbon footprint today and you’ll make contributions to stopping the earth from getting     10    (pollute).