1 . We need to be responsible for our environment. Being a frugal(节俭的) consumer is one way to help.
Use it up
Wear it out
You do not always need to have new things. Suppose your sneakers have broken laces(鞋带), but they still fit you. Repair them and wear them longer.
When something you want is not on hand, look for something else that you already have to take its place. Suppose you are packing your lunch for tomorrow and want a butter sandwich. You are out of butter. What about using cheese to make a cheese sandwich? Learn to fix broken toys instead of just throwing them away. With a little thought, you can make something do, instead of buying something new.
Do without
Think about all those things that you would like to have.
| A．Fix it |
| B．Make it do |
| C．Do you really need them? |
| D．But, what exactly does that mean? |
| E．You can use things up instead of wasting them. |
| F．Make plans to buy what you would like to have. |
| G．You don’t need the latest iPhone until your old one doesn't work anymore. |
2 . In 2018, Pakistan promised to plant ten billion trees in an effort to slow climate change and to save a land that has been destroyed.
That program, whose name is 10 Billion Trees Tsunami, has been taking effect slowly for the past two years, but it recently has received unexpected help from the coronavirus(新冠病毒). Many Pakistanis are suddenly unemployed, so the government has given them jobs as tree-planters. Unemployed day laborers have been turned into "jungle workers", planting trees for 500 rupees a day($3). It's not much, but it can help the unemployed get by.
As the coronavirus struck Pakistan, the 10 Billion Trees campaign was halted as part of social distancing orders put in place to slow the spread of the virus. But earlier this month, the government allowed the forestry agency to restart the program and create more than 63, 600 jobs.
The program is employing three times the number of planters as it normally does, and the planting season has been extended from May(its usual end)throughout June, in order to keep workers employed. All workers are being told to wear masks and keep two meters of distance from others.
Shahid Rashid Awan, project director for Punjab province, said the project hopes to reach 50 million trees this year. “We can absorb all the unemployed laborers and workers who have fled the cities and returned to their villages in the past few weeks.”
A study declared tree planting to be an effective way to store carbon, and if planted in large quantities around the globe, a powerful solution to climate change. While it won’t fix every climate-related problem we have, it can go a long way if done widely, which is exactly what Pakistan is trying to do with such impressive determination.
And the workers will benefit greatly, too. Not only are they able to earn money and support their families at a difficult time, but they’re outside in the fresh air, away from the potential health risks from more tightly-packed urban environments. It’s a brilliant idea that all country leaders should consider copying.
1. How does the coronavirus influence Pakistan?| A．A lot of animals are starving. |
| B．Many people are out of work. |
| C．Much land is left unmanaged. |
| D．The government has lost power. |
| A．Agreed. | B．Discussed. |
| C．Stopped. | D．Doubted. |
| A．Financial support has been gained because of it. |
| B．It has persuaded people to plant trees in big cities. |
| C．Many laborers produce much less carbon dioxide. |
| D．It can contribute to fighting against climate change. |
| A．It serves as a good example. |
| B．It is not fit for other countries. |
| C．It is a waste of time and money. |
| D．It brings many economic benefits. |
3 . In September, a tragedy happened on the west coast of Tasmania, Australia. As many as 380 pilot whales became stranded (搁浅) in shallow water there and later died. This might have been Australia’s largest stranding event on record, the BBC reported.
But mass whale stranding is not uncommon. For centuries, it has happened all over the world and has puzzled scientists. Scientists say the cause is often unknown. But they have offered many different explanations.
Some say the whales chase small fish for food and end up in shallow water because they are not paying attention to where they are going.
Others think the stranding has something to do with Earth’s geomagnetic field. They say that a geomagnetic compass in whales’ brains controls their position. Unusual changes in Earth’s magnetic field can affect the whales’ compasses and send them in the wrong direction.
Another explanation suggests that mass stranding is caused by the close relationships that whales have. Pilot whales travel in large groups. One lead whale might mistakenly lead the whole group to shallow water. “And if one gets into trouble, the others will not leave,” said Sheryl Gibney, a leading biologist from New Zealand. “Some will come in and try to help, they get trapped on the beach, then more will come.”
The whales are trapped by mistake or out of sympathy. Once they get stranded, they will likely die. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the US, less than 10 percent of all stranded whales survive.
1. What do we know about the stranding?| A．It happened on the east coast of Australia. | B．It is commonly seen in September each year. |
| C．It caused the death of over 300 pilot whales. | D．It broke a world record. |
| A．run after | B．give up | C．help with | D．compete against |
| A．They will change their direction. | B．They will stay and try to help it. |
| C．They will push it near the beach. | D．They will travel with another group. |
| A．How human activity has affected whales. |
| B．What might cause whale strandings. |
| C．How whales find their direction while traveling. |
| D．What scientists are doing to save stranded whales. |
| A．Travel journal | B．Tourism magazine | C．News website | D．Science textbook |
1. 垃圾分类的益处；
2. 你周边的实施情况；
3. 你的感受。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Dear Jim,
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Yours,
Li Hua
5 . When the leaves begin to change their colors and the birds head south, we know the season is starting to change. On September 7 comes White Dew (白露), the 15th solar term (节气) of the year. It indicates (标志着) the beginning of the cool autumn. As the temperature falls, white dew is often seen on the grass and trees at night.
For w riters and poets, autumn is a difficult season to describe. It ’s the end of the summer, and therefore a little sad. The days seem to get shorter, and when you wake in the morning, t here’s mist(薄雾) and it’s cooler. Winter is just around the corner.
American writer Ernest Hemingway wrote in his book A Moveable Feast (《流动的盛宴》), “You expected to be sad in the fall. Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees and their branches (枝条) were bare (光秃秃的) against the wind and the cold, wintry light. ”
But on the other hand, autumn has its good side. There are so many changes at this time of year, such as the colorful leaves and cooler nights. French w riter Albert Camus even thought autumn was a second spring, “when every leaf is a flower.” This view is also found in the most famous autumn poem in English literature, To Autumn by John Keats. In that poem, Keats says that autumn has its own songs, just like spring.
Another theme of this season is wisdom (智慧). The arrival of autumn is thought to be similar to a person becoming mature (成熟的).
The great Irish poet W.B. Yeats used this idea in his poem The Wild Swans at Coole (《库尔的野 天鹅》), writing about the changing seasons in Coole Park in the west of Ireland. Seeing and counting 59 swans, he remembers first making the count as a young man. Seeing the swans do the same thing for all those years, he’s reminded (提醒) that even though we get older, our hearts always stay the same age.
1. What can be concluded about White Dew ?| A．It is often ignored by w riters and poets. | B．It is the time of year with the most rainfall. |
| C．It is when the temperature begins to drop. | D．It indicates the end of the autumn. |
| A．point out that autumn is very cold | B．present the sad part of autumn |
| C．show that winter w ill soon come | D．express sadness about the end of life |
| A．Autumn is an important season for man. | B．We can always stay young at heart. |
| C．Autumn is related to one’s grow ing old. | D．Nature is full of lessons to be learned. |
| A．The solar term White Dew. | B．Why autumn is a sad season. |
| C．Autumn weather and activities. | D．Famous writers’ description of autumn. |
1.目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题。
2.骑自行车的益处，如能环保有利健康等。
参考词汇：低碳生活（low-carbon life） 节能 (energy saving)
注意：1.词数：100词左右；
2.演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone!
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That’s all! Thank you for your listening!
7 . In 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants. In another place or time, the death of a single crop species might not have been so important. But in Ireland, in 1845, people depended almost on the potato for food. The death of one species caused a terrible famine. Now, some scientists are worried that such a famine could happen again.
Over the centuries, farmers have discovered thousands of different species of food crops. Some can be grown in very hot or cold climates. Others are not affected by certain diseases. However, you won’t find many of these species in your local supermarket. To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy to produce in large numbers. Meanwhile, thousands of other species are becoming extinct.
For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice; now fewer than 100 are grown there. Experts believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear.
One solution to this problem is to collect and store the seeds (种子) of as many different plant varieties as we can before they disappear. The idea was first suggested by Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov. In the 1920s and 30s, he collected around 400,000 seeds. More recently, others are continuing the work he began.
In the U.S. state of Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy wanted to protect historic plant varieties. She started a place called Heritage Farm, where people can store and trade seeds.
More importantly, the people at Heritage Farm don’t just store the seeds; they plant them. By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace that haven’t been grown for years. These food species are not just special in flavor. They also offer farmers food solutions for the future, from the past.
1. What caused many people to die in Ireland in 1845?| A．Food pollution. |
| B．Poisonous potatoes. |
| C．An incurable disease. |
| D．Lack of enough food. |
| A．Species of food crops. | B．Potato plants. | C．Farmers. | D．Seeds. |
| A．To show many food species have disappeared. |
| B．To explain how to increase food production. |
| C．To stress the importance of food diversity. |
| D．To prove the necessity of growing rice. |
| A．It’s dangerous to grow new food species. |
| B．The work started by Nikolay Vavilov was useless. |
| C．Storing seeds and planting them are both important. |
| D．Foods grown from older seeds are cheaper but taste bad. |
8 . Hashtag, a pet dog as a gift from a friend to
My husband and I had been expecting the exciting
Within moments, we were standing outside. There’s no telling what could have happened
9 . Though plastic shopping bags are cheap and useful, they cause widespread pollution. Now, we may have an unlikely helper to help clean up our garbage — a small wax worm.
The worm’s hidden skills were discovered by accident. About two years ago, Federica Bertocchini, a developmental biologist at the Spanish National Research Council and an amateur beekeeper, was cleaning out bees’ nest that had been filled with worms. She removed the worms and put them in a plastic bag while doing the cleaning. After finishing, she went back to the room where she had left the worms, and found they had escaped from the bag. When she checked, she saw that the bag was full of holes.
Realizing she may have made an important discovery, Bertocchini teamed up with other researchers to conduct further research. They began by placing 100 worms on some plastic bags and discovered that over a 24-hour period, the worms managed to chew through 92 milligrams of plastic. The researchers make an appropriate judgment that at this rate, the group of worms could degrade (降解) an average-sized 5.5-gram plastic bag within a month. To rule out the possibility that chewing was causing the degradation, the researchers spread the soft wet substance inside the body of some recently dead worms on a sheet of plastic. Sure enough, even the liquid was able to eat through the material, confirming that the worms have plastic-digesting enzymes (酶).
While the news is certainly encouraging, not everyone is convinced. The Michigan State University’s Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic-eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain, causing, even more, harm to the environment and human health. Susan Selke, director of Michigan State University School of Packaging, is concerned that the worms will not be able to survive in an oxygen-free landfills where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth.
However, Bertocchini is not planning to transport worm armies to landfills. Instead, the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic. The researcher says, maybe we can find the molecule (分子) and produce it on an industrial level, rather than using a million worms in a plastic bag.
1. What did the experiment of using dead worms find out?| A．Worms’ chewing may cause the degradation. |
| B．A plastic-eating chemical exists in wax worms. |
| C．Dead worms are effective in dealing with plastic. |
| D．It takes a long time for worms to degrade plastic. |
| A．Objective | B．Convinced | C．Questioning. | D．Optimistic. |
| A．The structure of plastic-degrading enzymes. |
| B．The use of other worms in disposing plastic. |
| C．Wax worms’ adaptability to the landfill environment. |
| D．The chance of producing wax worms on a large scale. |
| A．Can wax worms save the environment? |
| B．Wax worms have an appetite for plastic. |
| C．Why do wax worms have plastic-eating skills? |
| D．Hungry worms join the fight against plastic pollution |
More problems are caused by floods,
But only time will tell
