1 . 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

With limited space for parks and gardens, architects and city planners often find it challenging to include greenery in neighborhoods in cities. One creative solution is to grow plants on unused areas like walls and rooftops. It’s a popular idea, and now rooftop gardens and green walls have been sprouting up（大量冒出） in cities around the world.

There are many benefits of having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment — what was once a gray cement（水泥） wall can become a colorful, blooming garden. The CaxiaForum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is a famous example — one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species. In other cities, green walls are being used more functionally, to cover up construction sites and empty buildings and to decorate the lobbies of office buildings.

Using plants to cover walls and rooftops can also keep cities cooler in the summer. Buildings and roads absorb the sun’s heat and hold it, causing a building or neighborhood to stay warmer longer. Plants, on the other hand, provide an enormous amount of shade. There is evidence that growing a roof or wall garden can lower a building’s energy costs.

In New York City, public schools plant rooftop gardens that can reduce heating and cooling costs. In addition to saving the school money, teachers and parents love the gardens because of their educational value — it’s a fun and healthy way for their kids to investigate the world around them. “For the children, it’s exciting when you grow something edible（可食用的）,” said Lauren Fontana, principal of a New York public school.

Rooftop gardens and green walls may require a bit more effort to grow and maintain. However, hard work always brings rewards, and with green spaces, the rewards are plentiful.

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2 . 你校英文报正在策划一期以环保为主题的专刊。假如你是该报编辑李明，请给大家写一封倡议书，要点如下：1.步行或骑车上学；2.及时关水龙头、关灯；3.不乱扔垃圾。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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3 . Floods are second only to fire as the most common of all natural disasters. They occur almost everywhere in the world, resulting in widespread damage and even death. Consequently, scientists have long tried to perfect their ability to predict floods. So far, the best that scientists can do is to recognize the potential for flooding in certain conditions. There are a number of conditions, from deep snow on the ground to human error, which cause flooding.

When deep snow melts it creates a large amount of water. Although deep snow alone rarely causes floods, when it occurs together with heavy rain and sudden warmer weather it can lead to serious flooding. If there is a fast snow melt on top of frozen or very wet ground, flooding is more likely to occur than when the ground is not frozen. Frozen ground or ground that is very wet cannot absorb the additional water created by the melting snow. Melting snow also contributes to high water levels in rivers and streams.

Rivers that are covered in ice can also lead to flooding. When ice begins to melt, the surface of the ice cracks and breaks into large pieces. These pieces of ice move and float down the river. They can form a dam in the river, causing the water behind the dam to rise and flood the land upstream. If the dam breaks suddenly, then the large amount of water held behind the dam can flood the areas downstream too.

Broken ice dams are not the only dam problems that can cause flooding. When a large human-made dam breaks or fails to hold the water collected behind it, the results can be devastating. Dams contain such huge amounts of water behind them that when sudden breaks occur, the great force of the water is like a great tidal wave. The dam waters can travel tens of kilometres, cover the ground in metres of mud and litter, and drown and crush every thing and creature in their path.

Although scientists cannot always predict exactly when floods will occur, they do know a great deal about when floods are probably going to occur. Deep snow, ice-covered rivers, and weak dams are all strong conditions for potential flooding.

1. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
("P" stands for "Paragraph".)

A．	B．
C．	D．

2. Why does frozen ground probably contribute to flooding when deep snow melts?

A．It is likely to form an ice dam.

B．It is too hard for water to run off.

C．It cannot take in more water.

D．It makes the snow melt too quickly.

3. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word "devastating" in Paragraph 4?

A．Positive.	B．Disappointing.
C．Impressive.	D．Damaging.

4. What is mainly talked about in the passage?

A．How floods come into being.	B．Where floods usually occur.
C．Why floods do huge damage.	D．How to prevent floods effectively.

4 . Haikou—A shark was killed after being dragged to shore at Yalong Berth beach in Sanya, South China’s Hainan Province, on Sunday afternoon.

It was the first time a shark had been caught in the beach area, a popular tourist site in Hainan.

Local fishermen said they caught the 3-meter-long, l-ton shark by chance when they were fishing in sea water 1,000 metres deep near the beach.

Police temporarily protected the shark while oceanographers(海洋学家) decided whether it was a species belonging to State protection.

Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale shark and therefore not under State protection.

The shark was believed to have drifted into the area from the deep sea due to strong waves caused last week by Typhoon Imbudo. It had no open injuries but experts said they believed it suffered from internal bleeding.

Local police officer Fu Chenggeng said beachgoers should not feel threatened by sharks because the fish never attack human beings on their own initiative. Fu said he had never heard of any shark attacks at the Sanya beach since he first started work there eight years ago.

However, police said they will improve the security system to safeguard tourists’ safety on the beach.

1. A possible title of the article should be______.

A．Tourists in Danger

B．Killing Whale Shark

C．Shark Caught in Beach Area

D．Whale Shark in Danger

2. From the article it can be learned______.

A．the shark was caught because of obvious injuries

B．the number of the whale shark may be small

C．typhoon Imbudo may have brought the shark to the area

D．it’s not unusual to see a shark on the beach

3. The underlined word“confirmed”probably means______.

A．said	B．believed
C．thought	D．made sure

5 . 阅读下面的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top     1    (attract).

So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I     2    (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be     3    (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back     4     my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,     5     I was the first Western TV reporter     6    (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include     7    (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by     8    (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few     9    (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,     10     other is with mum—she never suspects.

6 . The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.

Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.

I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.

The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote.

“You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory(领地)。You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing - not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.”

I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears(矛) and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.

1. There is no more hunting in India now partly because___.

A．it is dangerous to hunt there

B．hunting is already out of date

C．hunters want to protect animals

D．there are few animals left to hunt

2. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly____.

A．to make the countryside safe

B．to earn people’s admiration

C．to gain power and influence

D．to improve their health

3. What do we learn about the big-game hunters?

A．They hunt old animals

B．They mistreat animals

C．They hunt for food

D．They hunt for money

4. What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?

A．Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face

B．Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons

C．Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers

D．Modern hunters should put their safety first

7 . One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world.
“The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing,” says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York’s Central Park last year tallied the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country’s largest populations of raccoons (浣熊) now lives in Washington D.C., and moose (驼鹿) are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons(游隼) dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on (捕食) pigeons.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (避难处)have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent￡750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.
For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (悬崖栖息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
1. The first paragraph suggests that ________.

A．environment is crucial for wildlife

B．tour books are not always a reliable source of information

C．London is a city of fox

D．foxes are highly adaptable to environment

2. Which of the following is NOT a reason that wildlife is returning to the cities?

A．Food is plentiful in the cities.

B．Wildlife is appreciated in the cities.

C．Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities

D．Air and water quality has improved in the cities

3. The underlined word “tallied” in Para. 2 means __________.

A．distinguished

B．described

C．counted

D．excluded

4. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.

A．Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos.

B．Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city

C．Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside

D．Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a problem

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Wildlife returning to large cities

B．Foxes returning to London

C．Wild animals living in zoos

D．A survey of wildlife in New York

8 . A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean, leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.

Grimsvom is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier (冰川) of ice up to 12 maters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it, which then forms a layer (层) of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano, keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier, the pressure lifts. The lava (岩浆) from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.

Now, airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM, one of Europe’s biggest airlines, airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplane’s engines, causing damage to the plane.

The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp. Glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash-covered grass to the sharp object.

1. What makes Grimsvom different from other volcanoes?

A．It is below ice.	B．It lies under the sea.
C．It is the largest volcano.	D．It is lava affects the airlines.

2. What keeps Grimsvom still?

A．The slow flow of water.	B．The low water temperature.
C．The thick glacier.	D．The water pressure.

3. Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption?

A．People stop traveling in Europe.

B．Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.

C．It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.

D．Farmers have lost many of their animals.

4. This text is most probably taken from_____

A．a research paper.	B．a newspaper report.
C．a class presentation.	D．a geography textbook.

9 . When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge,” said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat.”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化) of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendents(后代) of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层) until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A.D., before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of “pure native American dogs,” Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendents of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本) from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep,” Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource.”
1. The underlined word “remains” is closed in meaning to ______.

A．leftover food	B．animal waste
C．dead bodies	D．living environment

2. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.

A．ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 AD

B．the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs

C．the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves

D．the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans

3. What can we know from the passage?

A．Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.

B．Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in 1920s.

C．Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.

D．Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.

4. The first humans into the New World brought dogs along with them because ______.

A．dogs fed on mice

B．dogs were easy to keep

C．dogs helped protect their resources

D．dogs could provide excellent service

5. What does the passage mainly talk about ______.

A．the origin of the North American dogs

B．the DNA study of ancient dogs in America

C．the reasons why early people entered America

D．the difference between Asian and American dogs

10 .    

How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. Waste must be treated _______ it does not become a danger to life. _______, in some countries, waste from factories is still poured straight into rivers. People who use the water from one of these rivers often get_______ The water may become so polluted that it _______ all the fish in the river. When these rivers finally reaches the _______, it pollutes the ocean.

In many countries with _______, human waste is piped directly into the sea without being dealt with. This is not _______. Although the sea itself can break up the waste, beaches_______become polluted. _______ scientists suggest people take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down.

In 1989 an international law was passed to ________ people putting waste into the sea. It is now against the ________ to put anything into the sea nearby. Such rubbish as plastics may not be thrown________the sea anywhere. Other waste may be put into the sea, either 19 or more than 40 kilometers from land, ________ the nature of the materials.

The ________ of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been ________ to protect the world and control pollution.

1.

A．as if

B．so that

C．ever since

D．now that

2.

A．Luckily

B．Happily

C．Unfortunately

D．Hopefully

3.

A．sick

B．hope

C．rich

D．fun

4.

A．raises

B．feeds

C．kills

D．breaks

5.

A．pool

B．lake

C．spring

D．sea

6.

A．grassland

B．plains

C．sea coasts

D．deserts

7.

A．safe

B．useful

C．dirty

D．wrong

8.

A．need

B．may

C．can’t

D．needn’t

9.

A．So

B．Because

C．Since

D．But

10.

A．stop

B．suggest

C．keep

D．find

11.

A．school

B．organization

C．factory

D．law

12.

A．out of

B．away from

C．into

D．above

13.

A．depending on

B．feeding on

C．leading to

D．connecting to

14.

A．news

B．method

C．problem

D．disadvantage

15.

A．punished

B．set up

C．refused

D．called at