4 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. virtual     B. survival   C. specifically D. restoring E. transboundary F. excursions G. nesting   H. properly   I. routes   J. facing   K. connection

World Migratory Bird Day is an annual awareness-raising campaign highlighting the need for the conservation of migratory birds and their habitats. It has a global outreach and is an effective tool to help raise global awareness of the threats     1     migratory birds, their ecological importance, and the need for international cooperation to conserve them.

Every year people around the world take action and organize public events such as bird festivals, education programmes, exhibitions and bird-watching     2     to celebrate.

The theme of this year’s World Migratory Bird Day is “Birds Connect Our World”, which highlights the importance of conserving and     3     the ecological connectivity and integrity of ecosystems that support the natural movements of migratory birds and that are essential for their     4     and well-being.

Migratory birds need a network of undamaged habitats along their entire migration     5     to survive. Increased global action through multilateral (多边的) environment treaties, such as the Convention on Migratory Species and the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement, is essential to protect migratory birds on their international journeys. Creating     6     habitat corridors would be of great benefit to migratory birds and other migratory wildlife,     7     at the landscape scale (景观尺度).

In addition, networks of critical sites key to migration need to be safeguarded and managed     8    . Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs), as described by BirdLife International, provide migratory birds with the necessary feeding, breeding,     9     and sheltering grounds that are needed during their long flights.

A wave of online interactions and     10     events are expected to take place in countries around the world in celebration of World Migratory Bird Day, with educational programmes being offered online by many organizations including schools, parks, zoos, forests, wildlife refuges, wetlands centres, museums and libraries.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage and the sentences below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. accurate       B. alteration       C. average     D. calculates       E. conceal       F. enormously    G. initial        H. intervals     I. merely        J. multiply       K. prediction

Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are doubtful, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.

The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather—to a global forecaster, small can mean thunder—storms and blizzards—any     1    becomes worse rapidly. Errors and uncertainties     2    , gathering upward through a chain of unable features, from dust devils(尘旋风) and storms up to continent-size eddies(旋涡)    3    satellites can see.

The modern weather models work with net-like points sixty miles apart, and even so, some     4    data have to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors placed one foot apart, rising at one-foot     5     all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly     6    readings of temperature, pressure, humidity(温度), and any other data a weatherman would want. Exactly at noon a(n)     7     powerful computer takes all the data and     8    what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03…

The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton will have sun or rain one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will     9    alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the     10    . By 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have added to the ten-foot scale，and so on up to the size of the globe.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. magical       B. cultural       C. meets          D. built          E. strong     F. damaged G. entrance       H. views        I. calendar        J. ranked        K. lit

A long red bridge stretches out across water. It runs across the Golden Gate. This is not the     1     to some sacred land, but it is just as     2    . The Golden Gate is where San Francisco Bay     3     the Pacific Ocean, and at night the scene of the bridge     4     up over the water takes your breath away.

Welcome to San Francisco, a place famous for its beautiful parks, hilly streets and lovely beaches. But the bridge is undoubtedly the most well-known symbol of the city. Before its completion in 1937, the bridge was considered impossible to build because of the foggy weather, powerful winds, and     5     ocean currents in the city. However, despite the difficult conditions, the bridge was built in no more than four years. Its total length is nearly 2 kilometers.

San Francisco     6     first on Lonely Planet’s list of the best cities to visit in 2013. According to the world’s largest travel publisher, it came top as a result of its     7     mix.

According to the census, 21 percent of the city’s population was made up of Chinese people. San Francisco’s Chinatown is the largest outside of Asia and the oldest in North America. Two traditional festivals, the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, are the biggest events of the year on the city’s     8    .

If yellow cabs are a key part of New York city life, then the cable car is San Francisco’s equivalent. The first cable car came into public service in 1873, and the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of the city ever since. The cable car network was once     9     by a serious earthquake but, luckily, it has now recovered and provides better     10     than the subway.

7 . 语篇选词填空

equally   recycle   portion dissolve threaten   countless   capable   convenient   comforts concern

The pollution of the earth’s soil and water has become an issue of great concern. Until recently, most of that     1     has focused on the land     2     of the planet, where pollution directly affects people in their daily lives. Now, however, we have begun to realize that marine (海洋的) pollution is     3     important. According to S.A. Patin, marine pollution is the condition that results when people introduce into the seas substances harmful to life, health, resources, activities, or     4    .

Marine pollution is far from new. For over a million years, people have thought of the sea as a     5     place to throw their garbage. And it is true that the sea has a great capacity for absorbing organic wastes. Some of these wastes are eaten directly by the larger fishes. Others quickly     6     into a kind of organic soup that provides food to     7     species of single-celled plant and animal life.

As civilizations grew, more different pollutants were dumped into the seas. Still, this pollution did not really threaten the marine environment. The seas seemed     8     of coping with anything that people could throw at them. This situation changed, however, when suddenly factories began dumping enormous quantities of materials into the seas. Especially in some coastal areas near large cities, ocean pollution began to     9     marine life. For the first time, the oceans began to fail in their ability to     10     humanity’s waste.

8 . Vocabulary

A.extremely 　　　B.dramatically 　　　C.investigated 　　　D.interact 　　　E.advertise 　　　F.occurring G.tragedy 　　　　H.chained 　　　　　I.limit 　　　　　 　J.recalling 　　　K.ride-free

In 2016, a young British father was trampled (踩踏) to death by an elephant on the island of Koh Samui (苏梅岛) in Thailand. The     1     once again raised questions over whether it is ethical to use these giant animals as entertainment.

For many visitors, the chance to     2     with elephants is at the top of their holiday wish list. There’s no shortage of opportunities to do so, from taking photos of baby elephants on the beach, to riding them through the jungle, to watching them balance on tightropes and dance.

But what most visitors don’t realize is these animals are involved in     3     cruel methods to make them behave. They are often kept in terrible conditions. This includes being     4     up when not performing, without interaction with other elephants, a poor diet, etc. They are also subjected to training practices including beating and stabbing (刺,戳) with hooks.

Away from their natural habitat and forced to repeat the same routines day in day out, the torture continues throughout their     5     shortened lives. It’s not exactly the stuff that holiday dreams are made of.

Unfortunately, riding elephants is still one of the most popular tourist activities in Asia. The World Animal Protection     6     3,000 elephants at tourist sites across Southeast Asia in 2017. The study found that 77% of them were living in“severely cruel”conditions. It also found that there had been a 30% rise in the number of elephants at tourism venues in Thailand since 2010.   

Many parks     7     themselves as sanctuaries (庇护所) but they are not. Real sanctuaries will     8     contact with the elephants and visitors can only observe them from a distance most of the time.

The tour sector needs to play a much bigger role in restricting elephant tourism. As travelers, please avoid any place offering riding or allowing interacting sessions with elephants. When you see abuse (虐待)     9    , do your bit by leaving your review on review sites and social media to warn other tourists. It really does work—many parks are now becoming     10     as a result of pressure from tourists, the industry and the media.

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. constituents 　　　B. ultimately 　　　C. exhausts 　　　D. economical 　　　AB. conventional AC. electricity 　　　AD. approximately 　　　BC. contributes 　　　BD. extent 　　　CD. substances ABC. generates

Driving an electric car     1     to the protection of environment, or so the marketing departments of their makers would have you believe. Yet a report which analyzes car emissions presents a rather different picture. A battery-powered car recharged with     2     generated by coal-fired power stations, it found, is likely to be more harmful. It could cause more than three times as many deaths from pollution as a     3     petrol-driven vehicle.

The study was carried out by the University of Minnesota. The researchers estimated how levels of fine particulate matter (细颗粒物) and ground-level ozone — two important     4     of air pollution — would change when a car is powered by different ways.

It was no surprise that electric cars whose batteries were recharged with power from wind, solar or hydro-electric sources came out to be virtually free from harmful     5    . They were estimated to cause 231 deaths over the course of a year, compared with 878 for petrol cars. Electric cars recharged with power from natural gas-fired stations were also a lot less harmful than petrol-driven ones, with 439 deaths. But if those same electric cars were recharged     6     by coal, they would be responsible for over 3,000 deaths.

Biofuels also caused more health problems than petrol. But diesel, which often     7     concern about pollution, is slightly cleaner than petrol. This is because the study assumes for all cars that emission-control technologies will be more widely used, especially particulate filters which have a remarkable effect on cleaning diesel     8    . Diesel cars are also more     9     of fuel than petrol-driven ones.

Overall, the study shows that electric cars are cleaner than those traditional vehicles only if the power used to charge then is also clean. That is hardly a surprise, but the     10     of the difference is. How green electric cars really are, then, will depend mainly on where they are driven. In France, which obtains more than half of its power from nuclear station, electric cars look like a good bet. In China and some other developing countries, where a large amount of electricity is produced from coal, they may not be so environment- friendly as they are marketed.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A tiger at the Bronx Zoo in New York City has tested positive for the respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus, becoming the first known case of human-animal     1    , the zoo's chief veterinarian said on Sunday.

Nadia, the 4-year-old Malayan tiger that tested positive, was     2     for the COVID-19 disease after     3     a dry cough along with three other tigers and three lions, the Wildlife Conservation Society, which manages the zoo, said in a statement.

All of the cats are expected to recover, it said. But officials believe this is a unique case because Nadia became sick after     4     to an asymptomatic zoo employee, Paul Calle, chief veterinarian at the Bronx Zoo, told Reuters.

Calle said they did not know which employee infected the tiger. "This is the first time that we have discovered that a person infects the animal and the animal gets sick," Calle said, adding that they planned to share the findings with other zoos and institutions. " I guess     5     we will all have a better understanding as a result.

While the other tigers and lions were also     6     symptoms, the zoo decided to test only Nadia because she was the sickest and   had started to lose her appetite already, and they did not want to     7     all the cats to anesthesia(麻醉), Calle said.

Nadia     8     X-rays, an ultrasound(超声波) and blood tests to try to figure out what was making her sick . They decided to test for COVID-19     9     the surge in cases in New York City, the epicenter of the outbreak in the United States.The first tiger at the zoo, which has been shut since mid-March, began showing     10     of illness on March 27, according to the US Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratories.