1 . 低碳生活

现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。
提示词语:be good for, ride a bike, on foot, make a difference, protect, environment, live a low-carbon life, reuse.
要求:1.词数80-120词；
2.字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰；
3.文章中不得出现真实的校名、姓名、地名等。
内容:作为学生，该如何去实践低碳生活，请根据以下要点，谈谈你的经历、感受及建议:
1.上下学走路或骑自行车，少乘汽车；
2.随手关灯节约用电；
3.生活简单，生活用品尽量做到循环使用。
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2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Where are the bees?

Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.

In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.

There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.

The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.

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3 . Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning—and the fears of something going badly wrong.

The future, however may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.

These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW-plus from a conventional reactor. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs)—most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s—are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.

“The physics hasn’t changed. It’s about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation,” said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in the UK.

Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.

The UK, which opened the world’s first commercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power’s ability to restore confidence.

However, the country’s agreement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point—which together will generate 3.2GW of electricity—has come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vital to the country’s future energy mix. Small reactors, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.

A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to ￡56m in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government hopes the funding will give the UK a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.

1. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)?

A．AMRs produce more power than traditional reactors

B．Small in scale, AMRs rose more safety risks

C．So far, most AMRs have not been put into use yet

D．Governments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMRs

2. In paragraph 5, the author mentions the plants in Western Europe and the US to ________.

A．prove that nuclear power has been threatened by safety concern.

B．show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more that the budget available.

C．indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speed.

D．point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology.

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plants

B．The UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy.

C．The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been deserted

D．a kind costs for small modular reactors would be higher relative to large nuclear reactors.

4. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?

A．Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights on

B．Traditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactors

C．Nuclear’s share of power generation remain stead

D．Nuclear power looks to shrink its way to success

4 . We need to be responsible for our environment. Being a frugal consumer (节俭的消费者) is one way to help.     1    

Use It Up.

You can use things up instead of wasting them. Squeeze (挤) that last bit of toothpaste out of the tube.     2     Don’t throw away any bits of the biscuit at the bottom of the box.

Wear It Out.

You do not always need to have new things. Suppose your sneakers (运动鞋) have broken laces (鞋带) , but they still fit you. Repair them and wear them longer. You don’t have to have the latest iPhone until the old one doesn’t work any more. Then you can get a new one.     3    

Make It Do.

When something you want is not on hand, look for something else that you already have to take its place. Suppose you are packing your lunch for tomorrow and want a butter sandwich. You are out of butter. Have a cheese sandwich instead so you can use all of the cheese. Learn to fix broken toys instead of just throwing them away.     4    

    5    

Think about all those things that you would like to have. Do you really need them? How long will you really play with that new toy you saw on TV? Making the things that we want uses up our world’s resources (资源). And, getting rid of the things we don’t want any more takes up even more resources and space.

A．Do without it.

B．Throw it away.

C．What exactly does that mean?

D．Do you know what to consume?

E．Use the last little piece of soap.

F．With a little thought, you can make something do.

G．Think twice before replacing something that still works.

5 . 语法填空

Strange things appeared before the Tangshan earthquake     1     (happen). For three days the water in the village wells became higher and then lower. The well walls had deep cracks     2     them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. Some animals including fish,     3           (mouse) behaved strangely. Other strange things also happened in the city,     4     people thought little of these events and they slept as usual.

    5     (final) a terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in which more than 240,000 people died arid many     6     (injure). Many houses fell down and sand filled the wells instead of water. People were greatly shocked. Ail the electricity in the city was cut off and people began     7     (wonder) how long the disaster would last. The whole city was completely destroyed and the world seemed to be at an end. It was the     8     (big) earthquake of the 20th century, which even Beijing could feel.

However, the people of Tangshan didn’t lose hope, because 150,000 soldiers were sent to help the rescue workers. The soldiers tried their best to dig out those    9     were trapped. They also I mill shelters for the     10     (survive). Fresh water was taken to the city by every means. Slowly, the city began to come back to life.

6 . Mrs. Timms listened as the radio announcer gave a hurricane (飓风) warning for her town. Then she woke up her sons, Eddie and Jasper, and quickly explained, "We’ve got a lot to do, boys. There is no school today, and my office is closed. The hurricane is coming!

Just then, the boys grandfather arrived from his seaside home. Grandpa explained that the local government had told people to evacuate their homes by the sea. It just wasn’t safe for anyone to stay near the ocean during the hurricane.

Soon afterwards, Mrs. Timms left to buy supplies that the family would need during the storm. Batteries, bottled water and canned food were a few of the items on her list.

Grandpa stayed with the boys, and the three of them made preparations for the storm. First, they filled the bathtub and all the empty water bottles they could find. Next, they unplugged(拔掉插头)almost everything in the house. Then, Eddie helped Grandpa strengthen the windows. Meanwhile, Jasper put the outdoor chairs inside.

Later, as the storm approached, the family stayed in protected areas away from the windows and outside walls. Mrs. Timms and Grandpa moved chairs to a protected space near the staircase. Eddie and Jasper sat under a strong table next to them, reading and playing games. They waited for the radio announcer to declare that the hurricane had passed.

1. What did Mrs. Timms do after hearing the hurricane warning?

A．She went to work.	B．She woke up her sons.
C．She prepared breakfast.	D．She watched the hurricane.

2. The underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 2 means______.

A．lock

B．reach

C．repair

D．leave

3. While Eddie helped Grandpa strengthen the windows, Jasper_______.

A．filled the bathtub	B．turned off the lights
C．put the outdoor chairs inside	D．sat under a strong table

4. What could be the best title for the text?

A．A Happy Family.	B．A Seaside House.
C．The Damage of the Hurricane.	D．The Day of the Hurricane.

7 . Environmental health is defined as the control of the factors in the environment that may have harmful effects on people’s physical, mental, or social well-being. Because natural disasters expose people to danger by bringing up or threatening their immediate environment, effective management of environmental health after a natural disaster is of great importance.

The environmental health measures that must be considered after a natural disaster include the supply of appropriate shelter for individuals or groups of people left homeless, the distribution of safe and accessible water, and the protection and distribution of safe food products and so on.

To effectively manage environmental health during and after a disaster, it is important that a state of preparation is in effect before the event actually occurs. During an emergency, success lately depends on making good, rapid judgment and appropriate response measures. High-level decision makers, therefore, must be familiar with sound measures beforehand and should be given an accurate judgment of the disasters specific effects as quickly as possible.

This book is intended to serve as a guide for those who may be called upon to make emergency decisions after disaster strikes. The recommended environmental health measures have been listed in the order of priority in which they should be taken during an emergency. However, each natural disaster is unique in the degree or type of emergency. In response to any given disaster, decision makers may find it necessary to change the priority assigned to any particular measure.

1. Why is it significant to take effective measures after a natural disaster?

A．Victims may be at strike without immediate controls.

B．Victims may be at the risk of losing their properties.

C．Victims may be exposed to poisonous or radioactive minerals.

D．Victims may be threatened by environmental health problems.

2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?

A．Good preparation beforehand is vital.

B．Rapid judgment is quite beneficial.

C．Effective measures sound familiar.

D．Slow responses sound ineffective.

3. Whom is the book mainly written for?

A．A researcher quite into environment health.

B．An organizer to handle domestic disastrous situations.

C．A possible decision-maker to handle a disaster emergency. .

D．A holidaymaker fond of the topic of effective management.

4. What does the underlined word “priority” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A．Perfection.	B．Preference.
C．Possibility.	D．Popularity.

8 . Do you know why different animals or pests（害虫） have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.

Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.

If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters. This is because they have the colors much like the trees. They can often hide in the trees and catch some other little animals.

Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over, its enemies cannot find it, and it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.

1. From the passage we learn that locusts _____.

A．are small animals

B．are easily found by birds

C．change their colors to protect themselves

D．are dangerous to their enemies

2. How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger?

A．They run away quickly.

B．Their colors much like their enemies.

C．They have to move quietly.

D．They hide themselves by day and appear at night.

3. Bears and lions can keep safe because they____.

A．like brown and gray colors.

B．live in forests.

C．have the colors much like the trees.

D．move quietly.

4. Which is the best title for this passage?

A．The Change of Colors for Animals and Pests

B．The Main Use of Colors for Animals and Pests

C．Colors of Different Animals and Pests

D．Some Animals and Pests

9 . “People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change,” the world’s leading authority on global warming has told The Observer.
Dr Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further.
Pachauri, who was re-elected the panel’s chairman for a second six-year term last week, said diet change was important because of the huge greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals. “It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport,” he said.
The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions. These are produced during the production. For example, ruminants (反刍动物), particularly cows, give off a gas called methane, which is 23 times more effective as a global warming agent than CO₂.
Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industry to his advice, though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode. “I have a little bit and enjoy it,” said Torode. “Too much for any person is bad. But there’s a bigger issue here: where the meat comes from. If we all bought British and stopped buying imported food, we’d save a huge amount of carbon emissions.”
Professor Robert Watson, the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat, but it should not regulate. “Eating less meat would help, there’s no question about that,” Watson said.
However, Chris Lamb, head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX, said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them. “Some ideas were contradictory,” he said. “For example, one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors, but this would damage animal welfare. Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed.”
1. What is directly related to global warming?

A．Consumption of meat.	B．Growth of cattle.
C．Methane from ruminants.	D．Processing of meat.

2. Who holds a view opposite to the others’ in the passage?

A．Rajendra Pachauri.

B．John Torode.

C．Robert Watson.

D．Chris Lamb.

3. It is implied in the passage that _____.

A．we should try to keep away from cattle	B．ruminants should not be left outdoors
C．the meat industry will soon close down	D．we must do our duty to save the earth

4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A．Less meat, slower global warming

B．More animals, more greenhouse gas

C．Less imported food, better our environment

D．Greater diet change, smaller climate change