1 . 假定你是校学生会主席，请以学生会的名义就全球变暖问题写一封英文倡议信，并刊登在你校英文报上。内容包括:
1. 全球变暖的负面影响；
2. 如何从我做起减缓全球变暖。
注意:1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear teachers and fellow students,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Student Union

2 . The New South Wales government used planes to drop more than 4,000 pounds of carrots and sweet potatoes, to the forests which are damaged by the recent wildfires. The fires are reported to have killed more than a billion wild animals and destroyed a land of more than 84 thousand square kilometers—about twice the size of Maryland. What is worse, most Australians are worrying about when the wildfires will be fully put out.

“The home of several important wallabies (沙袋鼠) was burnt in the recent fires,” New South Wales Environment Minister Matt Kean said on Sunday. Kean said the drops are what wallabies need. The plan is designed to help wallabies and allow them to recover.

Fire seasons often take place in the country, but this year the fires have been quite devastating. The country experienced one of its hottest and driest years, which made it harder to put out the fires. Besides wild animals, the fires have taken the lives of at least 25 people and destroyed more than 2,000 homes.

“I think there’s nothing to compare with the damage that’s going on over such a large area so quickly. It’s a big event in terms of geography and the number of wild animals,” Dickman, an animal protection expert, said in an interview with NPR last week.

“We know that the number of Australian wild animals has been going down over the last several decades, and it’s probably fairly well known that Australia’s got the world’s highest rate of extinction of animals,” he added. “It’s events like this that may increase the speed of extinction of a lot of other animals. So, it’s very sad time. Everyone has to try their best to do something for them.”

1. Why did the Australian government drop potatoes?

A．To feed the animals.	B．To trap the animals.
C．To plant potatoes there.	D．To help the people.

2. What does the underlined word “devastating” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Damaging.	B．Interesting.
C．Surprising.	D．Tiring.

3. What can we know about the recent Australian wildfires from the text?

A．They have been under control.

B．The weather is helpful in putting out them.

C．They have killed a small amount of wildlife.

D．They have greatly influenced both people and animals.

4. What does Dickman want to stress in the last paragraph?

A．Australia has a lot of wildlife.

B．Australians have suffered a lot.

C．Australians should protect the wildlife.

D．The government is responsible for the wildfires.

3 . Microplastics, as the name implies, are tiny plastics that result from both commercial product development and the breakdown of larger plastics. Officially, they are defined as plastics less than five millimeters in diameter(直径). .

The problem with microplastics is that — like plastic items of any size — they do not readily break down into harmless molecules (分子). Plastics can take hundreds or thousands of years to decompose, and in the meantime, cause damage to the environment. On beaches, microplastics are visible as tiny colored plastic bits in sand. In the oceans, microplastics pollution is often consumed by sea animals.

Some of this environmental pollution is from littering, but much is the result of storms and winds that carry plastics into our oceans. Single-use plastics, plastic items meant to be used just once and then thrown away, are the primary source of microplastics in the environment.

Microplastics have been detected in sea animals, in commercial seafood, and even in drinking water. Alarmingly, standard water treatment facilities cannot remove all the traces( 痕迹) of microplastics. To further complicate matters, microplastics in the ocean can combine with other harmful chemicals before being swallowed by animals.

Scientists are still unsure whether consumed microplastics do damage to human or animal health - and if so, what specific dangers they may cause. Even so, many countries are taking action to reduce microplastics. A United Nations resolution has discussed the need for rules to reduce microplastics to oceans, wildlife, and human health.

1. What does the underlined word “decompose” mean in Paragraph 2?

A．Break down.	B．Fade away. .
C．Dry up.	D．Give out.

2. What can we know about microplastics from Paragraph 4?

A．Water treatment facilities fail to remove their traces.

B．People might consume them through drinking water.

C．They can combine with other chemicals inside animals.

D．They have been a blow to commercial seafood industry.

3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Many governments turn a blind eye to microplastics.

B．It has been confirmed that consumed microplastics are harmful.

C．Measures will be taken to reduce microplastics in the environment.

D．Scientists have known what specific dangers microplastics may cause.

4. The author writes this passage to____________

A．inform the public of an environmental issue

B．arouse the awareness of protecting seawater

C．persuade scientists to look into microplastics

D．introduce the microplastics treatment methods

4 . Amid a global pandemic, another disaster was unfolding early this year beneath the ocean waters off the coast of Australia. Thanks to climate change, surface water temperatures across the Great Barrier Reef had hit record highs. By April, the damage was clear: the reef (礁) had experienced the most widespread bleaching event ever recorded and ended up disappearing, as corals expelled what serves as their food source and give them their color.

With a quarter of all ocean fish depending on reefs during their life cycles, scientists say we urgently need to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions to preserve the essential habitats. “Unfortunately we aren’t acting quick enough on climate change, and that leaves a real problem for coral reefs,” says Emma Camp, 33, a marine biogeochemist at the University of Technology Sydney. She’s investigating special corals that survive in forest lagoons (环礁湖) where water is warmer and more acidic compared with that surrounding most reefs, and which may be resistant to the conditions ruining the Great Barrier Reef.

Camp wants to learn if these creatures-named “supercorals” after she and a team discovered them during research for her Ph.D. in 2014-can be transplanted to other reefs to aid restoration.

She’s also investigating the biochemical characteristics that allow certain corals to survive in extreme environments. None of her efforts, she says, is a substitute for action to stop climate change. “My research is really about buying time.”

For Camp, it’s also essential to include a new generation of scientists to study the planet’s ecological systems. She talks about science with students around the world and speaks at local and international women-in-science events. “Our research tells more than itself. It is clear that if we lose 50% of the intellectual input because we’re filtering out women from that career path, we’re really going to struggle to solve those problems,” she says.

1. What’s the main concern according to the first paragraph?

A．The reef died out in great number.	B．The reef began to change color.
C．Climate change went beyond expectation.	D．Corals had no source of food.

2. Which word can replace the underlined word?

A．Influenced.

B．Accepted.

C．Dismissed.

D．Adopted.

3. What can be learned from forest lagoons in the second paragraph?

A．They suffer due to our slow response to the climate change.

B．They stand out by providing a good condition for reefs.

C．Their water has a big influence on the reef’s growth.

D．Their warmer and acidic water is the curse of the climate change.

4. What does Camp think of her research?

A．It has served its purpose of restoring other reefs.

B．Her efforts will encourage people to deal with climate change.

C．Her efforts only put off the consequence of warm surface water.

D．More younger women should be included in the research.

5 . Last year, the bushfires in Australia burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people were killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, that was the most casualties(伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.

Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia," Hausfather added on Friday.

Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.

Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity(严重) of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled bums and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).

1. What are the numbers about in paragraph 1?

A．The causes of Australian fires.	B．The results of Australian fires.
C．The damaged areas of Australian fires.	D．The property destruction of Australian fires.

2. Which of the following best explains ''susceptible to" in the second paragraph?

A．Very quickly to adapt to.

B．Very seriously to focus on.

C．Very likely to be influenced by.

D．Very easily to be protected against.

3. What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?

A．Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.

B．Global wanning is also a main cause of the bushfires.

C．Warmer ocean temperatures leads to the fires directly.

D．The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.

4. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?

A．To stress the effects of Australia fires.

B．To show the methods for land management.

C．To predict the seriousness of Australia fires.

D．To provide some advice about reducing fire damage.

6 . Endangered species

An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct.     1     Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why species become endangered.

Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.     2     Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of animals’ homes and food supplies.

    3     Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly-valued meat, fur, bones or skin, or just for sport. Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures like whales and sharks becoming endangered species.

    4     We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial penalties. The public can help out by refusing to buy any products made from these animals’ body parts. Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. They can also provide funding for animal sanctuaries, to protect animals from extinction by breeding more endangered animals, which they later release into the wild.     5    

A．Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution.

B．Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.

C．Eventually, all the creatures on Earth will enjoy being together.

D．Recent changes, however, have helped to improve the situation.

E．So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species?

F．Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more.

G．If we all cooperate and take these steps, we will protect these animals for future generations.

7 . Environmental issues are among the most pressing concerns of seaside cities around the world that hope to find a solution through technological innovation for the growing problem.

In an interview, Annika Olsen, former prime minister of the Faroe Islands and current mayor of its capital Torshavn, expressed severe concerns about global warming. “The weather is getting warmer and the temperature of the sea is increasing, which poses a huge challenge to us as a fishery nation,” Olsen said. Faroe Islands fishery export accounts for 98 percent of the total exports, said Olsen, adding that warming of the sea is a challenge to the economy as to the environment. “We are very vulnerable to changes in the climate,” Olsen said, pointing out that “We have more rain and more extreme weather, and the snow is actually gone during wintertime.”

Olsen was one of over 300 mayors from about 70 countries around the world who participated in international conference MUNI EXPO this year, which was held in Tel Aviv. The city of Tel Aviv is noted as an innovative global center, which could be beneficial for cities devoting themselves to reducing global warming effects. Besides the mayors, about 8,000 participants took part in the annual international innovation convention, sponsored by the Federation of Local Authorities in Israel (FLAI).

“Each town or city is unique, but many of the challenges we face are shared,” Haim Bibas, chairman of FLAI and mayor of Modiin, said. “Coastal cities must deal with the burden of beach tourism, pollution from the sea, the destruction of reefs and rising sea levels and flooding, securing ports and coastal borders.” All cities must protect infrastructure (基础设施), ensure the high quality of air in urban areas, provide smart solutions for global warming, and invest in green energy, he added.

About 170 companies showed their unique technology at the exhibition part of the conference. Mindaugas, president of the Association of Local Authorities in Lithuania, said that there were more technologies focusing on the environment, and that could make the cities more sustainable.

1. What is the Faroe Islands’ main income?

A．Fishery.

B．Agriculture.

C．Industry.

D．Tourism.

2. What’s the aim of the conference MUNI EXPO?

A．To protect the fishery of island countries.	B．To reduce the threat of global climate change.
C．To introduce international technological innovation.	D．To improve the economy of island countries.

3. Which of the following is Haim Bibas likely to agree with?

A．Not all towns or cities are unique.

B．Different cities have different challenges.

C．Coastal cities face similar problems.

D．Pollution is the most serious problem to coastal cities.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Coastal cities hope to invest in green energy.

B．Coastal cities hope to be more sustainable.

C．The latest technology about improving environment.

D．a convention about protecting infrastructure in coastal cities.

8 . Almost everyone has heard the expression “the calm before the storm.” It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.

British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become still and the winds would drop.

Science has given us the reason. According to US website HowStuffWorks, a calm period occurs because many storms, tornadoes and hurricanes draw in all the warm and humid(湿热的) air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”. Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls back down to ground level. As the air goes down, it becomes warm and dry. Warm and dry air is stable, so once it covers an area, it causes a calm period before the storm. This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs in the center of the storm because of the strong rotating (旋转的) winds.

The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is. First count how many seconds there are between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder, roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count nine seconds, the storm is about three kilometers away. A good method is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should seek shelter straight away.

However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms take place after calm. Given the right conditions, some storms announce themselves with heavy rain and fierce winds.

So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your area. That's the most reliable way to predict the next display(展示) of nature's temper (脾气).

1. What is the function of Paragraph 3?

A．To describe how the eye of the storm comes into being.

B．To stress why tornadoes and hurricanes are destructive.

C．To explain why a peaceful period occurs before some storms.

D．To remind how dangerous a storm can be in certain situations.

2. If you count fifteen seconds between a lightening flash and a thunder clap, the storm may be .

A．one kilometer away	B．three kilometers away
C．four kilometers away	D．five kilometers away

3. What can we learn from the text?

A．Heavy storms don't usually last long.

B．It is not always quiet before a storm.

C．Storms have a big influence on our life.

D．Weather reports often fail to predict a storm.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A travel journal.	B．A science fiction.
C．A literature review.	D．A geography magazine.

9 . The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on.

    1    But it is also vital for sanitation(卫生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right.     2     These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer.

Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people – often women and children – spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they don’t have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties.     3    And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable.

There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world.     4    But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently.

    5    We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue.

A．Clean drinking water is fundamental.

B．As individuals, what can we do to help the issue?

C．The search for water becomes their main occupation.

D．This important work needs to continue and to expand.

E．Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning.

F．In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water.

G．However, there are still at least 2.1 billion people around the world living without safe water.

10 . Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers (零售商) are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shopper.

But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated (调查) this question and concluded that it's not as sustainable as it seems.

Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented — receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.

She writes, ''An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi's.''

Then there's the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it's returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant, still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with alternatives, although these aren't great either.

Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it's so easily accessible. There's something called ''share washing'' that makes people waste more precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as ''a way to share rides and limit ear ownership.'' and yet ''it has been proven to discourage walking,bicycling, and public transportation use.''

Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn't let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There's an even better step — that's wearing what is already in the closet.

1. What is Elizabeth Cline's attitude toward clothing rental?

A．Approving.	B．Unfavorable.
C．Objective.	D．Enthusiastic.

2. The Uber example in Paragraph 6 indicates that      .

A．rental services are on the rise

B．clothing rental will be as successful as Uber

C．renting clothes might waste more than expected

D．renting clothes might make people lose interest in fast fashion

3. The author suggests that we should      .

A．give up renting any clothing

B．purchase inexpensive clothes

C．rent clothes rather than buy them

D．make full use of clothes we've possessed

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Clothing rental is a new fashion.

B．Clothing rental is retailers' preference.

C．Renting clothes is not that eco-friendly.

D．Renting-clothes business is in a dilemma.