1 . Two and a half millennia ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently and externally, they would no longer need to memorize. However, studies today have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to better understanding complex concepts.
For learning material by repetition, the benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The scribbling (涂鸦) on a page feeds into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class as being at the bottom-left on a page.
One of the best-demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in note-taking. Students typing on computers wrote down almost twice as many words directly from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. However, handwriting forces note-takers to process and organize ideas into their own words. This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing, resulting in better performance on tests.
Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have taken note. Though America’s curriculum from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade (roughly age six), about half the states since then have required more teaching of it. In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. England’s national curriculum already includes the teaching of basic cursive writing (连写体) skills by age seven.
However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills. Virginia Berninger, professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of handwriting. But she is not a purist; she says there are research tested benefits for “manuscript” print-style writing but also for typing.
Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of writing. But no one would remember, much less care, if his student Plato had not noted it down for the benefit of future generations.
1. According to the text, why does writing on paper have benefits for learning?| A．It provides visual enjoyment in class. |
| B．It improves the effect of memorization. |
| C．It promotes the motor and sensory ability. |
| D．It helps to remember the information forever. |
| A．By giving examples. | B．By providing statistics. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By making classification. |
| A．Difficulties faced by the disabled. |
| B．Unreasonableness of forbidding typing. |
| C．The research-tested benefits of typing. |
| D．The longtime advocacy for handwriting. |
| A．To thank Plato for his efforts. |
| B．To defend Socrates’ point of view. |
| C．To show people’s indifference to typing. |
| D．To confirm the importance of handwriting. |
Located in the Yangtze River Basin, the archaeological (考古的) ruins of Liangzhu date back to 3, 300~2, 300 BC. The ruins reveal a nearly state with a unified belief system based on rice cultivation (种植), and this state
Chen Minghui, archaeologist and director of the Liangzhu Workstation, has an
Having worked in Liangzhu for 11 years, Chen is always
1. What did the man study in college?
| A．Art history. | B．Medicine. | C．Business. |
| A．They’re neighbors. |
| B．They’re salesman and customer. |
| C．They’re teacher and student. |
| A．Doing what her father suggests. |
| B．Exploring all the possibilities. |
| C．Making a decision as early as possible. |
4 . Leave-No-Trace Camping
For those of us who love spending time in the great outdoors, wild spaces are very special. These are places we visit to recharge, or to fill our hearts with natural beauty.
Its principles are to treat the wilderness the way a decent visitor would and leave everything just as you found it, with no evidence that you passed through.
You can carry out these ideals in a number of ways. Begin by packing out all your litter. Whenever you go camping, take an empty trash bag with you and put all garbage into the bag. In addition, try not to damage vegetation.
It’s also important that you should not take things away from the wilderness. Rocks, plants, flowers and seashells are all part of the natural landscape.
Leave-No-Trace camping is about being respectful and thoughtful. It’s about honoring the natural world and the creatures that live in it. If you love seeing an untouched mountain stream or a lovely field of wildflowers, then you’ve already taken the first step.
| A．This means not stepping into a wild animal’s space. |
| B．This is also called “low impact” or “no impact” camping. |
| C．Once taken away, they won’t be there for others to enjoy. |
| D．An increasing number of people take up camping in the wilderness. |
| E．When you put up your tent, try to find a place that’s already bare of plants. |
| F．We hate to see them littered with rubbish or any reminders of previous visitors. |
| G．Follow these basic practices and you can be models of the Leave-No-Trace philosophy. |
For people from outside the city, Chengdu is the Land of Abundance with a soft dialect, adorable giant pandas, tea houses
For the locals, Chengdu is their hometown with a charming dialect and delicious food in unattractive restaurants, where lovable “obedient” (服从的) husbands can
Tomatoes: The Real Magical Fruit
“Fresh tomato plants! Straight out of the ground! 50 cents each!” I shouted in the school hall. In my hands, I carried a shoebox with little tomato plants. Their homes were plastic bottles, without the top half. Most people ignored my product, but some handed me 50 cents and picked out a 2-week-old baby tomato plant.
About a month before this, I started gardening. I pulled up grass in my little garden for several days in a row. Satisfied with my work, I continued to the second step — begging my dad to take me to the supermarket. He agreed!
When my dad turned off the engine and opened the door, I practically skipped inside the supermarket. We headed straight for the garden center. I picked up planters, seeds and dirt. My dad helped and showed me the best dirt and tomato plant types to get. We got to the register, and my dad, knowing what would happen, helped me pay.
As soon as I got home, I began to plant them in my garden. The following days witnessed my visits to the garden and my parents were amazed by my devotion to my new-found love.
Then was the part where I met my problem — I planted too many tomato seeds. I realized this all too late, about 10 days later when they all started sprouting (发芽) up and I counted 45 tomato plants. A few days went by and then I ended up with 85 tomato plants.
I did what all high schoolers would do when they messed up — I asked people around. I even got a notebook to write down their suggestions. Sadly, I got the same answer from most people, “Just let them die.” WHAT?! Let my beautiful plants die? They had so much potential! They could make 20 — 30 tomatoes per plant! We were talking about the possibility of around 2,550 tomatoes!
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So, I decided to solve it in my way.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The result was better than I had thought.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, even for the most accomplished chefs, cooking
Almost every Chinese kitchen has
8 . The title of “Aaron’s younger brother” was earned when I had won the second place in my first tennis tournament at the age of six. Whenever I
I wanted to
The tennis court seemed to stretch out further than usual, but I could still
I prepared myself for the finishing blow,
While I was still enjoying the unfamiliar feeling of
| A．marched | B．stepped | C．jumped | D．rushed |
| A．frequently | B．originally | C．permanently | D．occasionally |
| A．recommend | B．praise | C．evaluate | D．defeat |
| A．nameless | B．hopeless | C．worthless | D．fearless |
| A．appreciate | B．change | C．explore | D．settle |
| A．put down | B．pull out | C．take up | D．make out |
| A．disappeared | B．wrinkled | C．paled | D．doubled |
| A．reminding | B．ordering | C．instructing | D．expecting |
| A．trust | B．shelter | C．credit | D．shadow |
| A．scores | B．images | C．records | D．highlights |
| A．hid | B．admitted | C．recalled | D．overcame |
| A．contact | B．progress | C．movement | D．adjustment |
| A．maintain | B．improve | C．confirm | D．witness |
| A．harmony | B．success | C．competition | D．relief |
| A．previous | B．special | C．famous | D．tiny |
