1 . 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Beijing was once a city of bikes, the capital of a country    1    (know) as the Bicycle Kingdom, where cars were reserved for official and political business.    2    , decades of remarkable economic growth led to a huge flowing of cars in the city. Owning one became not just a marker of reaching the middle class but also a    3    (require) for marriage. As the economy boomed, autos pushed bikes off the roads,    4    (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.

Fortunately, now Beijing may be returning to its roots with a modern twist. Thanks to about 20 technology companies, brightly coloured shared bikes    5    (flood) Beijing since last year. Many local residents welcome the shared bikes    6    the flexibility and freedom they offer. They pick up the bikes and then ride and drop    7    off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.

Analysis in China say there are three factors    8    contribute to the sudden increase of bikes: a lot of cash looking for a home, a good idea and government support. “As the city’s population grew, traffic jams got    9    (bad).” Cai, the Ofo spokeswoman, said, “Shared bikes could solve the ‘last mile’ problem in    10    environmentally friendly way.”

2 . Researchers who use animals in psychological experiments must make every effort to minimize (最小化) discomfort, illness, and pain. And procedures that cause animals great suffering are permitted only when no other procedure is available. Moreover, there are federal regulations stating how animals art to be housed, fed. and preserved. Not only must researches try very hard to avoid causing physical discomfort, they are also required to promote the psychological well-being of some species of research animals, such as monkeys.

Why should animals be used for research in the first place? Is it really possible to learn about human behavior from the results of research employing rats and pigeons? The answer is that psychological research that does employ animals has a different focus and is designed to answer different questions than research that uses humans. For example, the shorter life span of animals (rats live an average of two years) allows researchers to learn about the effects of aging in a much smaller period than they could by using human participants. Moreover, some principles of behavior are similar across species, and so some basic behavioral phenomena can be studied more simply in animals. Finally, some studies require large numbers of participants that share similar backgrounds or have been exposed to particular environments—conditions that could not practically be met with human beings.

Research using animals has provided psychologists with information that has greatly benefited humans. For example, it provided the keys to noticing eye disorders in children early enough to prevent permanent damage

Despite the value of research with animal participants, the use of animals in psychological research is highly controversial. For example, some critics believe that animals have rights no less significant than those of humans, and that because animals are unable to agree to participation in studies, their use is not moral. Others object to the use of animals on methodological (方法论的) grounds, saying it is impossible to generalize from finding on nonhuman species to humans.

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3 . The medicine works more effectively ________ you drink some hot water after taking it.

A．as

B．until

C．although

D．if

4 . I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan.

A．the; a

B．不填; the

C．the; 不填

D．a; the

5 . ______ in the school regulation that students shouldn’t use cell phones in the campus．

A．What requires

B．What is required

C．It requires

D．It is required

6 . The committee asked for these suggestions to be ______ on paper, so that they might study them further.

A．brought down

B．handed down

C．laid down

D．put down

7 . —Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.

A．when	B．that
C．whether	D．what

8 . ——Will $200 ____ the cost of the damage?
——I’m afraid not. I need at least $100 more.

A．do

B．include

C．cover

D．afford

9 . What a pity! I missed meeting my boss at the airport because my car was ____in the traffic jam.

A．broken up

B．kept away

C．held up

D．kept up