1 . Directions: Join the sentence halves using which or whom after an appropriate preposition.

1. My English teacher, Miss Lin, was someone_________________________.
2. They have changed the date________________________.
3. He was persuaded to stay in England by Charles Dickens, __________________.
4. There are a number of safety procedures_____________________.
5. Details are in the instruction manual______________________.
6. Ms. Brown was left the money by her former husband, __________________.

2 . Directions: Choose one of the following phrases and then use either when, where or why to complete the following sentences.

the area 　　　an agreement 　　　cases 　　　a method 　　　moments 　　　the reason

1. During the performance there were _______________________________she found it difficult not to laugh.
2. The land is very fertile in _______________________________Jack has bought his farm.
3. The two governments reached _______________________________the border would be patrolled by troops from a third country.
4. I think _______________________________we get on so well is that we both enjoy talking.
5. Freeze drying is _______________________________water is rapidly evaporated from frozen food in order to preserve it.
6. Over and over again we hear of _______________________________customers were persuaded into buying useless items.

3 . Directions: Use preposition +which to rewrite the following sentences so that they are more appropriate for formal written English.
1. Fleming's discovery of penicillin had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Johnson emerged from the building. The building was little more than a ruin.
__________________________________________________________________
3. The election result is a great disappointment. There can be no doubt about it. .
__________________________________________________________________
4. It is her unmarried name. She is better known by her unmarried name.
__________________________________________________________________

4 . Directions: Rewrite the following two sentences into one, using so + adjective/ adverb + that-clause or such + noun phrase + that-clause.
1. He came in quietly. As a result, I didn't hear him.
______________________________________________________________
2. The difference between the results was small. It wasn't worth arguing about.
______________________________________________________________
3. The noise from the factory was loud. It prevented me sleeping.
______________________________________________________________
4. It is a popular musical. The performance was sold out after the first day.
______________________________________________________________
5. It was a freezing cold day. She had four layers of clothes on.
______________________________________________________________

5 . Directions: Complete the following sentences, using appositive clauses.
1. News came from the school office _________________________.（王林被北京大学录取了）
2. —It's thirty years since we last met.
—But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _________________________.（我们在雨夜迷了路）
3. Many experts stick to the view _________________________.（教师发展是教育质量的关键）
4. The question came up at the meeting _________________________.（我们是否有足够的钱搞研究）
5. Johnson broke his promise _________________________.（他会给我们每人一个小礼物）

6 . Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using subject clauses with “it” as the formal subject.
1. 健康胜于财富这个道理是无需多说的。（go without saying）
_____________________________________________________
2. 很显然，每年出国度假的家庭的数量在稳步增长。（clear）
_____________________________________________________
3. 据报道，有大约一百人在上个月的洪水中丧生。（report）
_____________________________________________________
4. 很可惜，他还是不能独立完成任务。（pity）
_____________________________________________________
5. 无可否认，阅读经典小说给我们带来了很多乐趣。（deny）
_____________________________________________________
6. 我突然想到我把书忘在图书馆了。（occur）
_____________________________________________________
7. 他似乎不会像以前那么信任我了。（seem）
_____________________________________________________
8. 人们普遍认为，旅游能促进经济的发展。（accept）
_____________________________________________________
9. 我们得以接触最前沿的技术是很有必要的。（necessary）
_____________________________________________________
10. 一个没有合作精神的人很难在现代社会生存，这是常识。（common sense）
_____________________________________________________

7 . Directions: Rewrite the following sentences, using subject clauses.
1. What do we need? We need careful preparation.
_____________________________________________________
2. Which one of the books is the most suitable? We are not certain about it.
_____________________________________________________
3. When the new museum will be open to the public? We haven't decided yet.
_____________________________________________________
4. Who will go with us? It makes no difference.
_____________________________________________________
5. How did the accident happen? It is still not clear.
_____________________________________________________
6. Will the FIFA World Cup be held in China one day? It remains unknown.
_____________________________________________________
7. Where will the singer have her concert? It hasn't been announced.
_____________________________________________________
8. Why did the dinosaurs die out? It remains a puzzle.
_____________________________________________________
9. Light travels in straight lines. It is known to all.
_____________________________________________________
10. I happened to meet him in the book store yesterday.
_____________________________________________________

8 . Directions: Complete the composition by translating the following Chinese into English.

I am Li Ming，a high school student. As far as I am concerned, our attempt to restrict the use of plastic bags isn’t very successful,    1    (导致了环境的不断恶化). Consequently,    2    (解决这个难题，在我看来已经刻不容缓了).

Firstly, it’s for our government to charge higher taxes on plastic bags. On top of that,    3    (我们应该发展循环经济), featuring the use of renewable materials. In addition, all the citizens should    4    (提高环保意识) and contribute voluntarily and jointly to the reduction of “white pollution” in our city.

    5    (我希望我的建议有用). Only with collective efforts can we protect our common home.

9 . Directions: Below is a persuasive letter to a newspaper. Complete the letter by translating into English the Chinese underlined.
Dear Editor,

As someone who has travelled through Asia on business and holiday, I would like to give my opinion about the environment impact on tourism. Having visited Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, I understand that     1    大量的游客给这些发展中国家带来了可观的经济效益.     2    然而，当地政府在发展旅游业时并不关注对环境的保护。This can cause many problems.

In view of the fact, tourists can influence these countries in a more positive way if we are thoughtful.     3    首先，我们可以选择步行或乘坐公共交通出行。     4    第二，我们应该拒绝购买和野生动植物相关的产品。Most importantly, we should check that any tours or excursions we take have little effect on nature.

    5    如果我们能遵循这些简单的步骤，it is certain that our seeking of pleasure is not causing any harm to people or places that we visit.

Yours sincerely

John Smith

10 . An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ________ interact with one another.

A．that

B．where

C．who

D．what