1 . Clothing rental is a hot new industry and retailers (零售商) are demanding to get on board in hopes of attracting green shopper.

But is renting fashion actually more environmentally-friendly than buying it, and if so, how much more? Journalist and author Elizabeth Cline investigated (调查) this question and concluded that it's not as sustainable as it seems.

Take shipping, for example, which has to go two ways if an item is rented — receiving and returning. Cline writes that consumer transportation has the second largest carbon footprint of our collective fashion habit after manufacturing.

She writes, ''An item ordered online and then returned can send out 20 kilograms of carbon each way, and increases up to 50 kilograms for rush shipping. By comparison, the carbon impact of a pair of jeans purchased from a physical store and washed and worn at home is 33.4 kilograms, according to a 2015 study by Levi's.''

Then there's the burden of washing, which has to happen for every item when it's returned, regardless of whether or not it was worn. For most rental services, this usually means dry cleaning, a high impact and polluting process. All the rental services that Cline looked into have replaced perchloroethylene (氯乙烯), a carcinogenic (致癌的) air pollutant, still used by 70 percent of US dry cleaners, with alternatives, although these aren't great either.

Lastly, Cline fears that rental services will increase our appetite for fast fashion, simply because it's so easily accessible. There's something called ''share washing'' that makes people waste more precisely because a product or service is shared and thus is regarded as more eco-friendly. Uber is one example of this, advertised as ''a way to share rides and limit ear ownership.'' and yet ''it has been proven to discourage walking,bicycling, and public transportation use.''

Renting clothes is still preferable to buying them cheap and throwing them in the dustbin after a few wears, but we shouldn't let the availability of these services make us too satisfied. There's an even better step — that's wearing what is already in the closet.

1. What is Elizabeth Cline's attitude toward clothing rental?

A．Approving.	B．Unfavorable.
C．Objective.	D．Enthusiastic.

2. The Uber example in Paragraph 6 indicates that      .

A．rental services are on the rise

B．clothing rental will be as successful as Uber

C．renting clothes might waste more than expected

D．renting clothes might make people lose interest in fast fashion

3. The author suggests that we should      .

A．give up renting any clothing

B．purchase inexpensive clothes

C．rent clothes rather than buy them

D．make full use of clothes we've possessed

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Clothing rental is a new fashion.

B．Clothing rental is retailers' preference.

C．Renting clothes is not that eco-friendly.

D．Renting-clothes business is in a dilemma.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Today, many people are worried about endangered species. But isn't it just normal for some animals to die out?

The situation today is different from     1     of the past. In the past, animals died out over a long period of time. When animals died out in the past, it was usually because of the weather or other     2     (nature) causes.

What is happening today is     3     ( total) different. We are killing millions of species in a short time. The result is that we are killing our future, because so many species     4    ( kill) in such a short time that even     5     fittest can't survive. In fact, there won't be enough species to choose from. Without enough animals and plants, evolution cannot function and nature will get     6    ( bad) instead of better.

Many of the species     7    ( disappear) on earth are unknown and few people even know that they are dying out. These animals and plants started to live on earth long     8     us and we have no right to kill them. We may also need these species in the future. We must try to keep the endangered species alive. If we allow these species     9    (die)out, we are in fact becoming endangered     10    (our).

3 . It seems that the great desire among the young is to be popular. And once they achieve ________, they want to keep it and ________ it. But the desire to be popular can________ you into looking and acting like everyone else. You can lose yourself in a sea of ________ hairstyles and thinking styles.

I was forced to ________ popularity long before in a talk I had with my daughter. Margy had to ________ schools when my busy work schedule made it ________ for me to move houses. I suppose that, for a girl in her teens, ________ a new school is as easy as spending a season alone in the tropical jungles. However, as the school year ________ to an end, one student after another came to her. They said they would have liked to be friends sooner.

I told Margy that I would have been more concerned if she had been a(n) ________ social success in her new school. That, to me, would have been the ________ that she had betrayed her ________ self in order to become popular. Sometimes young people try to force friendships into blossom by opening ________ their innermost thoughts to people they have just met. Such friendships are the least likely to ________.

I know that it has become harder and harder for a young person to stand up against the popularity wave and to ________ his or her own way. This leads to a great ________ for the young person who wants to find his or her own ________. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The road is worth ________. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. Well, come on! Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who ________ you for who you are. That’s the only kind of popularity that really ________.

1.

A．permission

B．popularity

C．safety

D．ambition

2.

A．improve

B．create

C．abandon

D．express

3.

A．persuade

B．cheat

C．frighten

D．force

4.

A．personal

B．childish

C．similar

D．ridiculous

5.

A．think about

B．speak out

C．comment

D．discuss

6.

A．leave

B．change

C．arrange

D．apply

7.

A．famous

B．important

C．necessary

D．impossible

8.

A．believing

B．finding

C．entering

D．handling

9.

A．came

B．developed

C．finished

D．spent

10.

A．academic

B．slim

C．political

D．instant

11.

A．evidence

B．means

C．qualification

D．purpose

12.

A．innocent

B．numb

C．complex

D．true

13.

A．thoroughly

B．exactly

C．partly

D．typically

14.

A．form

B．last

C．break

D．adjust

15.

A．recall

B．desert

C．transfer

D．seek

16.

A．choices

B．lessons

C．barrier

D．goals

17.

A．motivation

B．path

C．hobby

D．potential

18.

A．destroying

B．following

C．preparing

D．noticing

19.

A．encourage

B．sympathize

C．respect

D．remind

20.

A．varies

B．differs

C．does

D．counts

4 . Do you know the term "tweenager"? It's a slang word being used in the UK to describe children 10-13 years old. They are between junior and the teenage years. Why are they suddenly referred to in this way?

Tweenagers now have more money, freedom and influence upon their parents than they've ever had before. More and more companies are creating products and services for tweenagers. You can get everything from branded lunchboxes and mobile phone covers, to monthly fan magazines and clothing-it's all about sales.

Most children in the UK today get more pocket money than kids did a decade ago. It is because parents are having fewer children on average than in the past. In addition, the divorce rate in the UK is continually rising and parents spend less time with their children than they used to. So, many parents try to compensate(补偿) by buying presents for them.

And do tweenagers have more freedom? Well, UK children today are very familiar with media and computer. Many have a television, if not a computer, in their bedrooms. They have access to much more information about the world.

They may have experienced a lot in life as well, since 24% of UK kids live in single-parent families. People now say that "Kids are getting older younger". With such sophistication (世故) at such a young age, they are much more fashion conscious and concerned about their image.

In a world of TV programs that promise overnight success and fame at a young age, some people think it's extremely important to look fashionable. Surely none of the above is a good thing, is it? Can it really be healthy for us to encourage kids to be like adults at such a young age? Are we stealing childhoods in return for profit?

The UK government is certainly concerned, and for that reason has strict laws preventing companies from marketing their products and services at children. So, is there a happy ending to this story?

Companies have just worked out that the older tweenage audience is now looking for something darker and more rebellious. As a result, films such as Twilight are being produced for this older tweenage audience.

1. More and more companies pay attention to the tweenagers because________________.

A．tweenagers have a growing interest in lunchboxes and mobile phones

B．parents are more likely to spend money for their kids than before

C．kids receive less pocket money now but have more freedom

D．every kid has a computer or a TV in their bedroom

2. What does paragraph 2 suggest?

A．Kids have a great influence on the market.

B．The products for the kids are of better quality.

C．Kids are more fashionable than other earlier generations.

D．Kids like to buy magazines and clothing most.

3. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean?

A．Children exercise too little to physically healthy.

B．Children look older than they actually should be.

C．Children know more than earlier generations of youngsters knew.

D．Children have more freedom and appear more mature than previous generations.

4. What's the main idea of the passage?

A．The companies make use of tweenagers to make money.

B．Young tweenagers are having a positive influence on adult.

C．The market is changing to meet the demand of kids.

D．Darker and more rebellious movies are popular with kids.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单纯或括号内的单词的正确形式。

For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming home to an empty house. All of them have something     1     common. They spend part of each day alone. They are called latchkey children,     2     look after themselves while their parents work.

Lynette Smith was once the headmaster of a school. She said, “We had a school rule against     3     (wear) jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys fastened. I was     4     (constant) telling them to put them inside their shirts. There were so many keys. It never came to my mind what they meant.” Slowly, she learned they were house keys.

She and her husband     5     (begin) talking to the children. Fear is the     6     (big) problem faced by children at home alone. One in each three latchkey children were scared. Many had nightmares and were     7     (worry) about their own safety. The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. It might be in a shower stall, under a bed,     8     in a closet. The second is TV. They often play it at high volume.     9     Smiths learned it’s hard to get statistics on latchkey children. Most parents are unwilling     10     (admit) they leave their children alone.

6 . Many high school students consider a college education useless. Therefore, they choose not to go to college. If you’re one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.

Schools and universities are the first sources of knowledge. We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained after you start working, but without an education, that job will not be within easy reach. Knowledge leads to knowledge.

While limited within the walls of the educational institutions, we openly explore other cultures of the world. We come to know that ours is not the only culture. Other cultures have valuable insights to share, enriching our own. Education also makes us want to travel and interact with various cultures, broadening our horizons.

When there’s a downturn (衰退) in the economy, those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished grade school and have a limited skills set. The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary.

When you’re skillful and knowledgeable, you get to “rub knees” with people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking. Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life.

A good education makes you a more interesting person. You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what’s on sale in stores. An educated person doesn’t gossip, having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say.

1. Paragraph 2 mainly shows that going to college allows you to ______.

A．have a chance to study abroad	B．become a more interesting person
C．keep gaining knowledge	D．realize the importance of knowledge

2. According to Paragraph 3, what does going to college mean?

A．Having a greater understanding of different cultures.

B．Being limited within the walls of a college.

C．Valuing our own culture much more.

D．Thinking differently from others.

3. By giving the example of a downturn in the economy, what does the author want to show?

A．A good education can improve your tastes.

B．A good education sometimes means nothing.

C．A good education means you will not lose your job.

D．A good education allows you to keep a high quality of life.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Sources of knowledge.	B．Benefits of attending college.
C．The disadvantages of not being educated.	D．The reason why some people think college useless.

7 . Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg took out full﹣page ads in British and American newspapers on 21 March 2018 to apologize for a "breach of trust" in the Cambridge Analytical scandal， admitting the quiz app built by a university researcher that leaked Facebook data of millions of people in 2014 was a "breach of trust"．

Since the scandal of Big Data broke， the public has become more aware and concerned about that their online behavior may be used for purposes to which they have not agreed． It contributes to the urgent need for better protection of personal information．

In China， apps enabling users to steal private information from Wi﹣Fi providers are generating serious privacy concerns．

An app can break home Wi﹣Fi， cryptographic Wi﹣Fi at commercial locations and even the Wi﹣Fi being used in China's foreign ministry building， according to a CCTV report． With the help of the app， the CCTV reporter entered the ministry's network．

Almost 100，000 Chinese users ranked Wi﹣Fi Master Key app 4.5 out of 5 at the Apple store for convenience． But the app secretly stores Wi﹣Fi information and serves like a mobile spy between users， a show reported． It lets users access everything that links with the Wi﹣Fi such as a provider，s Wechat contact information and phone numbers．

At the China Development Forum， Li Yanhong， CEO of domestic Internet services giant Baidu Inc．，said that many Chinese users are willing to trade privacy for convenience． Li′s remarks aroused heated debates on social networks， as there is too much convenience and too little privacy．

It's an age of Big Data． It′s an age when privacy is under threat． The users are in an inferior position compared with the companies， but the law should not allow an unlimited trade of privacy for convenience． A simple click on "I agree，' should not be considered an excuse for the service providers to collect， use， and store users' data， which must be better protected by the law．

1. What do the underlined words "breach of trust" in paragraph 1 probably mean？

A．Risk of trust

B．Report of trust．

C．Research of trust．

D．Betrayal of trust．

2. Why do many Chinese users support the Wi﹣Fi Master Key app？

A．It is convenient to use．

B．It can be used to protect privacy，

C．It can steal everything from others．

D．It is generating serious privacy concerns．

3. What is the author's attitude towards privacy protection？

A．Neutral．

B．Critical．

C．Indifferent．

D．Approving．

4. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A．The Future of Big Data

B．The Dark Side of Big Data

C．The Convenience of Big Data

D．The Pros and Cons of Big Data

8 . Next time you’re in a public place, take a look around you, and count how many people are using their phones. I can tell you now that it is probably more than half, whether you’re on public transport, in a cafe or simply walking down the street.

I’m not saying that I am not an example of this, but it always amazes me how people can spend so much time on their phones without actually talking to anyone in particular.

For example, I recently visited London and travelled on the tube while I was there. Apart from the people asleep, almost everybody else was on their phones, and because of the nature of the tube, it is difficult not to see exactly what they are all doing. Of course, being underground it is difficult for you to get any signal, which rules out texting or using the Internet, but there is still plenty you can use your phones for. People were playing games, reading articles and listening to music, and I am sure that as soon as they emerged from the train station they would start texting or calling or checking their emails.

Recently, my smartphone broke and had to be sent off to the warehouse for repair for a week or so. In the meantime I had to use a really old, basic phone just to keep me in touch with my family and friends. All I could do on this phone was send text messages, make calls and play one game. And I loved it. I loved being free from the Internet, and I really didn’t mind not having constant updates about what my friends were doing or what the latest celebrity story was. It allowed me to spend more lime taking in my surroundings.

However, I knew that as soon as I got my smartphone hack I would be one of those people once again. Perhaps I should just go back to using the basic phone and forget my smartphone.

1. Why are you asked to look around in Paragraph 1?

A．To ensure your safety.

B．To communicate with people.

C．To count the people around you.

D．To count the number of people using the phones.

2. What were many people on the tube in London probably doing?

A．Using mobile apps.

B．Talking with each other.

C．Reading printed books.

D．Checking social network sites.

3. What did the author think of having to use his basic phone?

A．He felt great actually.

B．He found it very inconvenient.

C．He couldn’t see much difference,

D．He felt terrible at first but better later.

4. What does the underlined part “those people” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．People without mobiles.

B．People using basic phones.

C．People using smartphones reasonably.

D．People spending a lot of time on mobiles.

9 . Internet time tied to teen depression(抑郁) symptoms

Spending time online is normal behaviour for teenagers. But too much Internet use by teens —or too little, for that matter —might be related to depression, a new study finds.

The findings, reported in the journal of Pediatrics, do not mean that the Internet is to blame. For one, teens in the study who spent no time online were also at increased risk of depression symptoms. Instead, the researchers say that both heavy Internet use, and non-use, could serve as signals that a teenager is having a hard time.

For the study, Dr Pierre-Andre Michaud and his colleagues at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, surveyed 7,200 individuals aged 16 to 20 about their Internet use.

Those who were online more than two hours per day were considered “heavy” Internet users,while those online anywhere from several times per week to two hours per day were considered “regular” users.

The teenagers also answered a number of health-related questions, including some standard questions about "depressive tendencies” that gauge(判定) how often a person feels sad or hopeless. Compared with regular Internet users, the study found, kids who were heavy users or non-users were more likely to be depressed or very depressed.

Among male teens, heavy users and non-users were both around one-third more likely to have a high depression score, compared to “regular” users. Among girls, heavy Internet users had an 86 percent greater chance of depression, while non-users had a 46 percent greater likelihood compared to regular users.

That was with factors like family income and any chronic health problems taken into account.

Since teenagers typically go online to contact with friends, the researchers speculate(推测) that those who are never online may be more socially isolated.

1. How long are those who are online per day considered “heavy” Internet users?

A．More than two hours.	B．More than eight hours.
C．More than twelve hours.	D．More than ten hours.

2. What’s the purpose of Dr Michaud and his colleagues’ study?

A．To know the actual number of teenagers online.

B．To know the actual time of teenagers online.

C．To know the influence of study online on teenagers.

D．To know the relationship between the Internet use and depression.

3. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “isolated” in the last paragraph?

A．Independent	B．United
C．Separated.	D．Capable.

4. According to the accounts of the sixth paragraph, what can we conclude?

A．Non-users of Internet aren’t likely to be depressed.

B．Among girls, heavy Internet users are more likely to suffer depression than regular users.

C．Heavy users will lead to death unless limited.

D．Non-users have more possibility to be depressed than heavy users.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A recent study shows that most adults did household chores     1    (active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before,     2     same study shows.

An expert said, “Parents today want their kids to spend more time     3     things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped     4    (do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”

Another study finds that compared with the kids     5     didn't do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely     6    (succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.

Personal happiness     7    (say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and     8    (help) to their parents at home.

If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they     9    (deal) with their homework, you’d better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small     10    (message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.