1 . Farmer Pak Sadiman has made it his task to raise awareness and do something about Central Java’s water shortage problem, little by little.
He has changed his dry village into a groundwater haven by planting trees on nearby land for the last 19 years, and he’s encouraging others to join in, too.
Sadiman realised that the land was in need of some water when the Gendol River—previously the source of water for villagers—was quickly drying up. Even rubber trees, the local people’s main source of income, were so dry that they could no longer produce rubber latex. It was then that Sadiman took action so that generations to come could benefit from the planted trees.
“Banyan trees, unlike rubber trees, can keep groundwater. The more banyan trees are planted, the more clean water villagers will get,” he thought. Although he would often find his seeds dug up by cattle, the farmer never became discouraged from achieving his goal—providing his village with a clean water source.
He’s planted at least 11,000 trees over the last 19 years, and his village seems to have escaped from the dry season. Villagers have joined in Sadiman’s efforts and given him free seeds or worked alongside him to plant the trees. “Pak Sadiman is our hero. This village used to fight with water shortage, but now we have enough water because of him,” the local chief said.
Sadiman said as long as he’s physically healthy and fit, he’ll continue to plant trees and finish his vision of avoiding drought and help provide clean water for his fellow villagers.
1. What problem did Pak Sadiman plan to solve?| A．Water shortage. |
| B．Villagers’ low income. |
| C．Villagers’ bad living conditions. |
| D．The shortage of natural resources. |
| A．It has provided water for the villagers till now. |
| B．It has enough water even in the dry season. |
| C．It was the main source of water for locals. |
| D．It has been polluted by human activities. |
| A．Friendly and outgoing. |
| B．Kind and determined. |
| C．Thankful and patient. |
| D．Honest and clever. |
| A．A Plan to Plant More Trees |
| B．A Farmer Preferring to Plant Trees |
| C．A Village Saved by the Government’s Efforts |
| D．A Farmer Saving His Village from Drought |
2 . The Colorado River is the lifeblood of the American Southwest. It supplies water to more than 36 million people, has changed the desert into farmland, and allows cities like Los Angeles, Phoenix, and Las Vegas to develop. But satisfying the region’s need for water has come at a price.
The river once traveled all the way from Colorado’s Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of California. Now, dams (水坝) control the river’s water for human use. As a result, the river no longer reaches the ocean. Without water, the delta (三角洲) at the river’s mouth has become dry and poor.
To bring the delta back to life, engineers recently opened the Morelos Dam near the US-Mexico border to free a temporary burst of water. This pulse flow allowed the Colorad River to reach the sea for the first time in 16 years, helping the river’s delta come alive.
The dams built by the US government form a system of man-made lakes. These lakes can store four times the river’s yearly flow. “The lakes are like the river basin’s bank accounts,” says Taylor Hawes. “They provide a place to save up water for not-so-rainy days — like right now”.
In wetter times, on and off since the 1960s, the Colorado managed to complete its journey to the sea. During those rare times, spring floods temporarily brought life back to the delta. Seeing the difference a little water could make gave scientists the idea for this year’s pulse flow.
“Just add water and you get an amazing recovery,” says Eloise Kendy. “The project serves as a model of how to manage rivers sustainably (可持续) for both people and nature. A lot of rivers in the West have problems. We used them to make the deserts bloom and build cities. We didn’t think about the environment. But it’s possible to restore them. If we can do it in the Colorado River Delta, we can do it anywhere.”
1. What can we lean from the first two paragraphs?| A．The Gulf of California is flooding. |
| B．The Colorado River’s delta is dying |
| C．The American southwest is becoming poor. |
| D．The water in the Colorado River is running out. |
| A．lakes have stored much of the river water |
| B．many banks provided money to build dams |
| C．the money made from the lakes are kept in banks |
| D．people can borrow money from banks to buy lake water |
| A．Restoring deserts is sustainable for nature. |
| B．Many cities are built on deserts in the West. |
| C．Rivers in the West have been polluted seriously. |
| D．Environmental protection must go with development. |
| A．An effort to protect the Colorado River from drying. |
| B．An experiment to make the Colorado River flow freely. |
| C．A plan to bring the Colorado River’s delta back to life. |
| D．A way to make full use of the water from the Colorado River. |
1.活动情况简介；
2.活动的意义。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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4 . Going green seems to be fad (时尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2011,we decided to be green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic (有机的) stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planets.
1. What might be the best title for the passage?| A．Going Green. | B．Protecting the Planet. |
| C．Keeping Open-Minded | D．Celebrating Our Green Year. |
| A．they were expected to follow the green fad |
| B．they didn’t know how to educate other people |
| C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy |
| D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks |
| A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits. |
| B．They ignore others’ ungreen behavior. |
| C．They chose better chemical cleaners. |
| D．They sold their home-made food. |
| A．The government will give support to the green people. |
| B．The couple may continue their project in the future. |
| C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas. |
| D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign. |
5 . To make sure of greener development, China will combine efforts in environmental protection and ecological restoration according to the country’s newly approved guideline for environmental protection, part of the 13th FiveYear Plan (2016—2020).
China surpassed its goal in environmental protection for the 12th FiveYear Plan (2011—2015), with carbon intensity dropping by 20 percent (the intended target is 17 percent). It is a major contribution to worldwide efforts against climate change, officials said.
The new guideline stresses efforts to restore nature while reducing industrial damage to the environment. The goal is to achieve a more environmentally friendly way of living, considerable reduction in major pollutant emissions and a sounder ecological system by 2020. A good environment is a necessary part in improving people’s living standards, officials said.
Statistics of a report from several Chinese universities show that more than one third of the country’s industrial waste water flows directly into rivers and lakes. Water pollution within China has affected the environment, society and agriculture. It has resulted in huge economic losses. Air pollution is also one of the major problems in China. Heavy haze usually covers North and East China. Environmental issues are becoming a barrier to China’s development. Besides, heavy metal pollution in soil in China is so serious that it requires us to act immediately. 10 percent of the total farmland of China has heavymetalpolluted soil. The heavy metal in soil will enter into humans’ food chain through grain and agricultural products.
The rapid industrialization of agriculture, expansion of the chemical industry, and the need to produce cheap forms of energy have caused the continuous release of manmade organic chemicals into natural ecosystems. The guideline focuses on ecological restoration by controlling more types of pollutants than before.
1. According to the passage, the guideline ________.| A．is part of the 12th FiveYear Plan of China |
| B．aims to improve Chinese people’s living standards |
| C．calls for worldwide efforts against climate change and pollution |
| D．focuses on environmental protection as well as ecological restoration |
| A．beat | B．failed | C．set | D．realized |
| A．The huge influence of serious pollution on China. |
| B．The current situation of environmental pollution in China. |
| C．China’s achievement in fighting pollution in recent years. |
| D．Measures the Chinese government takes to deal with pollution. |
| A．Most cities in China suffer serious air pollution. |
| B．Water pollution is the biggest problem compared with other kinds of pollution. |
| C．More types of pollutants should be controlled to restore ecosystems. |
| D．Reducing carbon emissions is the chief goal of the 13th FiveYear Plan. |
We are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that it’s mainly humans
One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is deforestation (砍伐森林). This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the world’s
The amount of deforestation in the Amazon has
South Koreans consume 2.4 billion plastic straws (吸管) annually. And like in many other countries, the government is stepping up to reduce the amount of single-use plastics.
The idea of Rice Straws came to Kim Kwang-pil when he first saw
That was the beginning of Kim’s company, Yeonjigonji,
“I met people who wouldn’t believe I could eat the straws. So, when I did, they
So far the company
As they are eatable, the rice straws need to pass food safety laws in each country. But Kim believes that his straws are
8 . Nowadays people tend to digitalise everything from watches to fridges. It seems you can choose any item labeled as “smart”.
If you’re a part of the digitalisation movement，you might be interested in the concept of smart homes. It means that every element of your house can be controlled from a panel on the wall or your phone.
Electricity generation today represents 31% of total global fossil fuel use and around 40% of all energy-related CO2 emissions.
In a 150,000m2 office complex near Munich， called Campeon, energy costs of up to 117,067 Euro were saved after the use of environmental control devices this year. In this way, they are contributing to a large decrease in CO2 emissions. Clearly, smart homes are about much more than just living a comfortable life.
| A．It is actually about living a green life |
| B．Smart devices have been installed worldwide nowadays |
| C．It starts working only when CO2 concentrations reach a certain limit |
| D．There seem to be an ocean of such so-called “smart” inventions |
| E．Bearing this in mind, measures should be taken to make buildings more energy-efficient |
| F．Alternative energy must be discovered before the fossil fuel runs out in the future |
| G．This includes basics such as heating and lighting and many other appliances |
9 . Reducing plastic waste isn't easy because the cheap material is found in almost every household item. Now, a delicious and nutritious solution has come up to help reduce our dependence on this environmental hazard.
David Christian, the co-founder of Evoware, says the idea of creating the biodegradable (生物降解的) products came from concern at the country’s high pollution rate. Indonesia is home to four of the world's worst polluted rivers. Since single-use packaging is a large contributor to the problem, Evoware decided to deal with that first.
After investigating various materials, the company settled on seaweed. Unlike corn, commonly used for biodegradable containers, seaweed does not require resources like water or large amounts of space. Since Indonesian farmers already harvest more seaweed than they can sell, it's easy for the company to find the material.
Though they will not reveal their production process, Evoware says the seaweed packaging contains no chemicals and is safe to consume. The company has also invented single-use cups, which can break down 30 days after they're thrown away.
While replacing plastic with the seaweed products may seem appealing to most of us, it is a hard-sell in Indonesia. According to Christian, ''The awareness to reduce single-use plastic is still very low. This makes our bioplastic unnecessary.” Also a factor is the cost, which is higher than using plastic. Hopefully, Evoware will succeed in convincing Indonesians and people worldwide that switching to their products will be helpful to protecting our beautiful planet.
1. What problem did Evoware decide to deal with first?| A．Ways to clean the four worst polluted rivers. |
| B．What nutritious materials for people to use. |
| C．How to deal with single-use packaging. |
| D．Means to contribute to the country's economy. |
| A．It didn't require much space and was easy to get. |
| B．It could be found everywhere in his country. |
| C．It was most commonly used for packaging. |
| D．It grew thickly in most of the polluted rivers. |
| A．Their seaweed products have won government support. |
| B．Sometimes it's hard to get people to reduce the use of plastics. |
| C．Their new products have received worldwide popularity. |
| D．The cost of making seaweed products will be lowered soon. |
| A．Something lasting long. | B．Something hard to accept. |
| C．Something easy to get. | D．Something commonly seen. |
10 . Every minute, every single day, about a truckload of plastic enters the ocean.
We buy a bottle of water, drink it for a few minutes, and throw its permanent packaging (包装) “away”. We eat potato chips, finish them, then throw their permanent packaging “away”. We buy produce, take it out of the unnecessary plastic wrap, then throw its permanent packaging “away”.
The cycle is endless, and it happens countless times every single day.
For years, we’ve been told the problem of plastic packaging can be solved through better individual action.
Recycling alone will never stop the flow of plastic into the ocean; we have to get to know the source of the problem and slow down the production of all the plastic waste. Think about it: if your home was flooding because you had left the tap on, your first step wouldn’t be to start mopping. You’d first cut the flooding off at its source — the tap.
We need corporations — those like the Coca-Cola company, Unilever, Starbucks and Neatle that continue to produce throwaway (一次性的) plastic bottles — to step up and take responsibility for the mess they’ve created.
| A．This is their problem to deal with. |
| B．Plastic pollution is becoming very serious. |
| C．But here is the problem — there is no “away’’. |
| D．In some ways, our plastic problem is no different. |
| E．We think that if we simply recycle we’re doing our part. |
| F．It’s impossible for us to get rid of plastic pollution completely. |
| G．Since the 1950s, some 8.3bn tons of plastic have been produced worldwide. |
