1.Rachel Carson在1962年出版了她的书《寂静的春天》。
2.她的目的是提醒人们注意人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响。
3.她的书产生了如此直接和深远的影响，以至于DDT被禁止使用。(such...that...)
4.她的书很快成为一些农药行业批评者的目标，他们试图损害Carson的声誉。(定语从句)
5.Carson决心坚持自己的研究，捍卫自己的主张。
6.即使到今天，她的书仍然值得重读。
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2 . Blue whales are the largest animals on the planet, and each year they undertake (进行) one of the longest migration (迁徙). After spending the summer in the Northeast Pacific, the whales travel thousands of miles to their breeding (繁殖) grounds off the coast of Central America.
To learn more about these behaviors, William Oestreich, a PhD candidate in biology at Stanford University, and his colleagues planted an underwater microphone, or hydrophone, just outside Monterey Bay and recorded whales’ songs over five years.
Only male blue whales are known to sing, but both sexes move southward at about the same time each year. Males and females have also been spotted pairing up and feeding together shortly before the migration begins. “That gives us some confidence that the sounds that are primarily being produced by males are fairly representative of what the whole population is doing,” Oestreich says.
During the summer, the songs picked up by the hydrophone took place mostly at night. The intensity of the songs reached the highest level each year between October and November. However, as winter approached and the songs dwindled, the whales changed to singing during the daytime. In the summer, blue whales spread out over vast distances while searching for food. By eavesdropping on (窃听) their distant neighbors at night, the whales may gather information about food conditions elsewhere in their range. Knowing when other whales are on the move could guide their decision about when to stop hunting for food and start their own journey toward milder waters.
By turning in too, we might be able to forecast when the whales will arrive in areas where they’re in particular danger of running into ships, such as the Santa Barbara Channel. “There have been quite a noticeable number of deadly collisions (碰撞) between ships and blue whales,” Oestreich says. “That could be one piece of the puzzle (拼图游戏) to more dynamically (动态地) managing those habitats and shipping paths in a way that allows shipping to continue, but also in a way that is safe for these whale populations.”
1. What is the researchers’ purpose in doing the study?| A．To identify different whales’ songs. | B．To prove the function of the hydrophone. |
| C．To better learn about blue whales’ migration. | D．To search for more blue whales’ breeding grounds. |
| A．Males mostly sang at night in the summer. | B．Females occasionally sang to attract males. |
| C．Males and females migrate at different times. | D．Males and females seldom pair up before migration. |
| A．Functioned. | B．Reduced. | C．Reappeared. | D．Strengthened. |
| A．Shipping paths need reducing. | B．Avoiding collisions is possible. |
| C．Blue whales’ habitats are recovering. | D．Blue whales are in danger of extinction. |
| A．Because of over-fishing. |
| B．Because of water pollution. |
| C．Because of a natural disaster. |
1. Where did the woman get the information?
| A．From TV. | B．From the Internet. | C．From a magazine. |
| A．How much paper is used by Americans. |
| B．How trees are grown in America. |
| C．How paper is made from trees. |
| A．About 50 million. | B．About 85 million. | C．About 850 million. |
1. How did the speaker know about the project?
| A．From his cousins. | B．From his neighbors. | C．From his friends. |
| A．American. | B．Chinese. | C．Australian. |
| A．The importance of protecting the environment. |
| B．The importance of having good family relationship. |
| C．The importance of making more international friends. |
| A．By the rivers. | B．At the seaside. | C．In the woods. |
1. What should people put in the green dustbins?
| A．Waste paper. | B．Plastic bottles. | C．Glass. |
| A．Once a day. | B．Once a week. | C．Twice a week. |
| A．Sofas. | B．Fridges. | C．Pianos. |
| A．Talk to someone. | B．Play some music. | C．Answer the phone. |
| A．Use less plastics. |
| B．Cut plastics out of life. |
| C．Collect plastics in the ocean. |
1. What are the speakers discussing?
| A．An environmentally-friendly material. |
| B．A neighborhood recycling project. |
| C．A garbage separating job at school. |
| A．Have separate containers clearly marked. |
| B．Hire someone to do the separating job. |
| C．Ask the school students for help. |
9 . On Friday, students around the world will walk out of their classrooms and gather in joint protests to highlight the global crisis created by climate change. The goal? To get elected officials and industry leaders to actually act to stop the coming disaster.
Climate change poses a terrible threat to humanity, and politicians aren’t doing enough to find solutions, protest organizers wrote on the Global Climate Strike website. Greenhouse gas emissions (排放) are a primary driver of global warming, but leaders have been irresolute about abandoning fossil fuels, even as global temperatures continue to climb.
Strikes and protests by students in more than 2,500 locations aim to show that the younger generations won’t stand easily by while their future — and their planet — hang in the balance. The strike follows a summer of extreme weather linked to climate change: strange global heat waves, wildfires and ice loss from glaciers (冰川). In July, three studies found that the global climate is changing more quickly than it has in the past 2,000 years.
Sixteen-year-old Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, who is currently visiting New York City, is one of the strike’s key organizers. Thunberg will speak at a Friday demonstration at Foley Square there at 12 p. m. local time, after which protesters will march to Battery Park. Thunberg will also address the UN Climate Action Summit on September 23. The emergency meeting is being organized so that world leaders can present “concrete, realistic plans” for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with the goal of reaching zero emissions by 2050, according to a UN statement.
Thousands of protests are planned for Friday — just three days prior to the summit—and collectively, they will be the biggest climate action in history.
1. Why will students gather together?| A．To make their voice heard by leaders. |
| B．To call on moves to protect the earth. |
| C．To celebrate the newly elected officials. |
| D．To organize a big protest for civil rights. |
| A．Hesitant. | B．Concerned. | C．Decisive. | D．Thoughtful. |
| A．Electing new leaders of the summit. |
| B．Reorganizing the UN department. |
| C．Reaching zero emissions by 2050. |
| D．Protecting the whole human beings. |
| A．Global Students Mobilize for Climate Action |
| B．Why Not Join the Students for a New Planet? |
| C．Organize a Climate Talk for the Only Earth |
| D．A New Strike Will Be Staged Worldwide |
10 . Every year, about 15 billion trees are cut down to make way for agriculture, mining, logging. and urban expansion. Such mass deforestation has accelerated global warming and endangered the survival of millions of species. Though many nations, organizations, and even individuals have tried, no one could plant enough trees to make up for that loss — but some innovative entrepreneurs are working on a high-tech solution.
BioCarbon Engineering (BCE), a U.K.-based start-up, has developed a technique that could plant one billion trees per year. The method? Drones (无人机). Current tree-planting programs "are just not fast enough," said Irina Fedorenko, a co-founder of the company. "But our technology is automated, so we can scale up quite realistically and quite quickly."
First, a drone scans the land and develops a 3-D map of the area. Then, using the data from this "smart map", the team develops an algorithm (算法) for a unique planting pattern. A drone uses the algorithm to carry out the planting strategy. The drone flies about six feet above the ground, firing growing seeds at a speed that will get them under the soil. The species planted by drone has a better survival rate than helicopter spreading that's more commonly used. Some species even have survival rates nearly identical to hand planting.
With GPS and imaging technologies, experts agree that drones have become useful for accurately mapping large areas of land and measuring tree growth. But some scientists are more skeptical about their success as a planting technology to tackle deforestation on a large scale. After all, they only have so much range and battery life.
"Drones are good for measuring secondary growth and looking at where the forest is coming back, but you fight deforestation at a socioeconomic level," says Arturo Sanchez, director of the University of Alberta's Center for Earth Observation and Sciences. "The issue of climate change is not forest restoration, the issue is energy. It is controlling coal plants, power plants, automobile emissions. Planting trees is very important, but when you look at the distribution of CO₂ emissions, deforestation accounts for 10 to 15 percent. The rest is energy. That's what needs to be controlled."
1. What is the author's purpose in mentioning many trees are cut down?| A．To appeal to us to stop cutting down trees. |
| B．To demonstrate the widespread use of trees. |
| C．To show the urgency of planting sufficient trees. |
| D．To illustrate the effect of economic development on forests. |
| A．Drones can't grow trees faster than current programs. |
| B．Drones accurately map the land prior to planting. |
| C．Drones grow seeds six feet beneath the ground. |
| D．Drones make seeds survive better than hand planting. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Optimistic. | C．Carefree. | D．Intolerant. |
| A．Restoring forest is key to tackling climate change. |
| B．More coal plants are needed to generate abundant energy. |
| C．A major part of CO₂ emissions results from deforestation. |
| D．Coal plants and cars emissions should be restricted. |
