1 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Some scientists say that animals in the oceans are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.

The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.

Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect.

Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.

A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected (感染).

Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.

Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.

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5 . We’ve heard many stories of individuals across the world who’ve adopted a zero-waste lifestyle. However, it’s much less often that we come across an entire community that is trying to become waste-free. The residents of Kamikastsu, Japan, take recycling so ________ that they actually hope to become the nation’s first zero-waste community.

Kamikatsu has no ________ trucks, so residents need to compost (制成堆肥) their kitchen waste at home. They also have to wash and sort the rest of their trash into 34 different categories. They would then bring it to the recycling center themselves where workers make sure that the waste goes into the correct bins. It apparently took some time for the residents to   ________ this rule, but they eventually managed to adapt to the dramatic changes and are now seeing them as normal.

Reuse is highly ________ in Kamikatsu. There is a local kuru-kuru shop where residents can ________ new things with used items at no extra cost. And the kuru-kuru factory employs women to make bags, clothes, and stuffed dolls out of ________ items. Businesses are also encouraged to participate in responsible waste management. The town has a zero-waste brewery (啤酒厂) housed in a building constructed of reused materials.

With a population of just over 1,700, Kamikatsu ________ about 80 percent of its trash and only 20 percent goes to landfills (垃圾填埋场). You could say that the town is very ________ to achieving its goal. They’ve ________ their old practice of dumping trash into open fires after declaring their zero-waste ambition in 2003.

All the recycling facilities in Kamikatsu are managed by a Zero Waste Academy. It also regularly hosts groups of local schoolchildren, ________ them on the benefits of a zero-waste lifestyle. Every year, the Academy receives around 2,500 visitors from all around the world, all of them eager to learn more about zero-waste and how Kamikatsu has managed to implement its principles in such a short period of time.

1.

A．badly

B．personally

C．seriously

D．well

2.

A．garbage

B．delivery

C．farm

D．military

3.

A．rely on

B．trust in

C．get used to

D．get rid of

4.

A．desired

B．restricted

C．promoted

D．experienced

5.

A．combine

B．connect

C．equip

D．exchange

6.

A．valuable

B．waste

C．similar

D．relative

7.

A．produces

B．drops

C．recycles

D．empties

8.

A．close

B．limited

C．used

D．equal

9.

A．thought about

B．given up

C．believed in

D．looked at

10.

A．advising

B．keeping

C．joining

D．educating

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A walk along Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek was, for much of the 20th century, best undertaken with a handkerchief covered firmly over the nose. Liquid waste from factories poured directly into its waters. For the multi-generational families who lived in the small boats that crowded its waters from bank to bank, it had long doubled as a source of public drinking water and a sewer. Infectious diseases       1     (spread) throughout the area as a result of water pollution.

Suzhou Creek has taken on an entirely new look in recent years. The once-smelly and disease-ridden riverside       2     (make) into a new destination for shopping, strolling and living. It is well-equipped       3     (join) the likes of Paris’s Canal Saint-Martin as an agreeable urban waterfront.

The restoration of Suzhou Creek dates back to 1993,       4     a sewage treatment plant became operational. The plant was able to collect around 1.4 million cubic meters of wastewater within urban areas every day. Since 2002, with the capabilities of the sewage treatment system constantly       5     (upgrade), the main stream of the creek has been cleansed of its black and smelly pollutants. During the past six years, water quality throughout the system has also been greatly improved by the cleanup of over 2,000 river ways       6     the city. Residents were delighted to see duckweed and freshwater fish return to its waters.

Research from the U.N. Environment Program reveals that half of the world’s 500 largest rivers have been seriously depleted or polluted. The comprehensive cleanup project for the 125-kilometer-long Suzhou Creek is an example the world       7     follow, said a report released during the fourth session of the U.N. Environment Assembly in March.

Stage Four of the Suzhou Creek restoration project is in full swing. Its aim is to make the creek’s waterfront       8     (inviting) to the public.       9     this is certainly a noble aim, heritage advocates are worried that traces of Shanghai’s days as a treaty port are getting erased in the process. However, according to the chief designer Michael Grove, “All the historic structures will be preserved and reused, mainly for cultural purposes.” As a model, he points to the successful transition of a disused textile mill into the popular M50 arts district, a warren (道路错综复杂的区域) of contemporary art galleries that lies further up the creek.

That means visitors will still be able to stroll Suzhou Creek from the 1911 Garden Bridge to the 1924 Post Office,     10     (enjoy) a cheerfully dilapidated (年久失修的) part of the metropolis that has, against all odds, retained the essence of old Shanghai. Minus, of course, the stink (恶臭).

7 . Protecting our delicate environment seems to be on the agenda of politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother-nature. The concept of green consumerism has gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public feels moved to pitch in and help.     1    .

Let's use paper as an example. The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process, to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled, and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them. Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those, like waxed paper, carbon paper, plastic material such as fast food wrappers, that can't be recycled very easily.     2    .

Second, technological progress has been made on many fronts, but governmental agencies need to step up technological support for companies involved in recycling to upgrade equipment and to encourage further research. One breakthrough has been the development of a new manufacturing process that uses enzymes to help remove ink from paper in more energy efficient and environmentally safe methods.     3    . The difficulty in removing print from paper, the amount of energy expended during the process, and caustic waste that is sometimes produced are costs that companies incur that are then passed on to the consumer.

The final key is to increase demand for the growing surplus of resources waiting to be recycled. This problem has appeared in various regions of the world where the technology to process the used materials lags far behind the amount being collected for recycling.

    4     ; yet the great stumbling block to implementing the second stage of this plan could be impeded by the corporate sector's inability to find commercial enterprises interested in using recycled goods especially when the cost exceeds those of virgin materials.

A．Recycling paper materials can be expensive in both monetary and environmental terms.

B．However tough the challenge may be, supports of paper recycling never step back.

C．Give the public information they can grasp, and then you will increase your chances of gaining followers.

D．There may be a great outpouring of support.

E．So we are actually in a time when green has been a trend.

F．However, certain essential keys are needed to power this movement.

8 . Environmentally Friendly Denmark

What Are They Doing and

How Is It Helping?

THEY PREFER TO CYCLE On average, Danes living in Copenhagen cycle almost 2 miles a day. Danes are far more likely to own a bike than they are a car, in fact 40% of Danes own a car and 90% a bike. Source: Cycling Embassy of Denmark

THEY DON’T WASTE FOOD Danes are very good at avoiding wasting food. Supermarkets offer 80% reductions at the end of the day to try to minimize waste. An app called “TooGoodToGo” also allows restaurants to give away unwanted food at closing time.

THEY ARE AWARE Danes are mindful about knowing where their food has come from. It is not uncommon for children to be taken to witness killing and dissections of animals at zoos so they understand where the food on their plate began its life. Source: New Yorker

THEY EAT ORGANIC Danes eat more organic food than any other country in the world. This is because organic food is not significantly more expensive than other options, making it a good choice for everyone. Source : The Local

THEY USE CLEAN ENERGY By 2050, Denmark wishes to become independent of fossil fuels. This is far from unreachable as earlier this year the country ran entirely on wind energy for a whole day.    Source: The Danish Ecological Council

1. The article is written to _______.

A．show the readers how Denmark stays environmentally-friendly

B．persuade the readers to adopt Danes’ environmental-protection methods

C．entertain the readers with creative environmental-protection methods taken by Danes

D．identify organizations providing information about the environmentally-friendly Denmark

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Demark is able to function properly for long without the use of fossil fuels.

B．Danish supermarkets are trying to reduce its amount of food to cut waste.

C．Many Danes take their children to zoos to show them where food comes from.

D．Unlike other countries, organic food in Denmark is cheaper than non-organic food.

9 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Where are the bees?

Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.

In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.

There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.

The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.

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10 . Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.
Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution?

Very small pieces of plastic, called microfibers, are polluting rivers and oceans.     1     Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial material, which is useful in keeping warm. But they contain very small plastic fibers, which may also be harming the environment when you wash them. When people wash these clothes, very small pieces go down the drain with the wash water.

Studies on microfibers in the environment

Pollution caused by plastic is not new, but recent studies have shown the effect of microfibers in the environment. Studies show very small microfibers are ending up in our waters, which may come from waste water treatment factories. A 2015 study found them in fish from California.

Microfibers, effect on food supplies

Beyond the waterways, the researchers say microfibers may end up in soil and agricultural lands.     2     This means there is much to be learned about microfibers and the environment. Some studies have shown that microfibers end up inside sea animals, like oysters.     3     Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish, but it needs more study.

Steps to save or keep microfibers from the environment

Until more information becomes known, there are steps to take to reduce the amount of microfibers in the environment. People should use less of the artificial materials. If we already have those in our lives and we’re using them, an important step would be washing them less.     4     A bag is being designed in which to wash these clothes. It traps the microfibers in the bag and it may be available for purchase soon.

A．New technology may a1so help.

B．So if these m icrofiber s have been found in fish and seafood, ar e they safe to eat?

C．They can al so move around the atmosphere.

D．Studies are conducted on how much of the microfibers is released

E．The source of these mi crofibers may surprise you: your clothes.

F．Washing machines keep microfibers from escaping with w ash water