1 . Minh Anh Ho is sitting beside a microscope. Many people are busy with other tasks. One is interviewing the mayor for a TV news station. Another is running the electric company. As a researcher for a company that repurposes plastic, Minh Anh Ho is studying a sheet of cling wrap (保鲜膜). “It’s a really important job,” she says. “Plastic takes a really long time to disappear, so it would be good to come up with something else to do with it and not just throw it away.”

The learning center where Minh Anh Ho and her class are spending their day is designed to introduce kids to working life. Students run an imaginary town, with each kid doing a different job in a different business. Each year, about 83% of all sixth graders in Finland go through the program. It teaches them not just about business and working, but also, as Minh Anh Ho’s “job” makes clear, about the circular (循环) economy.

Most societies have linear (线性) economies, which operate on a “take, make, waste” model. Natural resources are taken from the Earth and made into products, which are usually thrown away if left over. In 2016, Finland became the first country to use a “road map” to a circular economy. This model focuses on the transformation of existing products. Businesses rely on recycled or repurposed materials and use less raw (未经加工的) material to make their products. That reduces the amount of waste going into landfills.

Education has always been a central part of Finland’s plan. Kindergarten director Liisa Woitsch is sitting on the floor with students and a broken wooden chair. “Do we just throw it away now,” she asks, “or can you think of anything else that can be done with it?” A little boy pounds on the chair. He says it can be used as a drum.

Anssi Almgren helped design the program. “Children have so many great ideas,” he says. “We want to enable them to think about solutions. But changing a society by educating its youth takes time.”

1. The author describes the learning center in paragraph 1 to ________.

A．make readers better understand the program

B．show how excited the students are

C．express his concern over the program

D．praise the students’ concentration

2. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 3?

A．By providing reasons.	B．By following time order.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By giving examples.

3. What is the main purpose of a circular economy?

A．To reduce the waste of resources.	B．To keep a higher living standard.
C．To increase the use of raw material.	D．To discover new types of natural resources.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The lessons from a learning center.	B．An introduction to linear economies.
C．The education on the circular economy.	D．Finland’s plans on economic development.

2 . Mark Baker’s appreciation for nature runs deep, but he hasn’t always championed the Amazon rainforest’s rugged beauty.

For eight years, Mr. Baker’s business sold rare tropical wood from the Amazon to customers across the United States. Exporting wood provided him with an excuse to spend a lot of time in the rainforest, taking him back to his boyhood days. Mr. Baker told himself that selective harvest was just part of managing the resource.

But gradually he began to notice on his birding outings that the forest had grown quieter. On the Manaus docks, he saw wood for export labeled with the name of a type of wood legal to export, but knew that it was another illegal type. “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.”

Because of his own personal transformation, Mr. Baker founded an ecotourism company that takes tourists along Brazil’s Rio Negro. With the trips, he aims to foster appreciation and a sense of stewardship(管理)for the rainforest among global citizens.

The Amazon rainforest covers more than 2.3 million square miles and is the biggest carbon store in the world, according to Giordane Martins, a biologist. Forty percent of Brazil’s land lies in the Amazon, but roughly 20% of it is already deforested. Ecotourism, what Mark is doing, has a positive impact.

“Our role is to educate,” Mark says. “Many people arrive with that nature sensibility. Some acquire it on our tours. One of the goals of ecotourism is to share the economic benefits of travel. The other is to help promote conservation, to generate income and help protect the forest. We’ve seen that happen. I wish we could say we saved the rainforest. We haven’t. But we have had an impact.”

1. Why did Mark Baker quit exporting wood business?

A．Because he didn’t earn enough money.

B．Because he couldn’t stay in the rainforest and recall his boyhood days any more.

C．Because he realized it was nonsense to harvest selectively and manage the forest.

D．Because he was angry to see all wood for export in his company was another type.

2. Which of the following statements is WRONG?

A．The Amazon forest is a most important carbon resource for our globe.

B．All tourists come to visit the Amazon rainforest with nature sensibility.

C．The Amazon rainforest has lost a lot of trees due to human activities.

D．The ecotourism company founded by Mark Baker hasn’t made a grand success.

3. Which of the following can best describe Mark Baker?

A．Environmentally conscious and selfish.

B．Profit-oriented and competent.

C．Socially responsible and determined.

D．Smart and pessimistic.

4. What can we learn about the ecotourism from the last paragraph?

A．It has a positive impact.

B．It has saved the rainforest.

C．It is profitable but meaningless.

D．It provides academic education.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

For those consuming Asian food, using chopsticks     1    (be) almost second nature. About 20 to 33 percent of people in the world use chopsticks     2     a daily basis. Not all of those are disposable (一次性的),     3     no doubt many are.

Felix Böck, a student at the University of British Columbia, was eager to find a way to recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a drawer in his friend’s house     4    (fill) with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea hit him.

He decided to give     5     second life to disposable chopsticks by making them into home     6    (decoration) or other accessories (配件). He told the idea to restaurant owners,     7    (convince) them to install recycling bins in their restaurants. He cleaned the chopsticks, pressed them into square pieces and coated them with glue. The square pieces were then     8    (creative) arranged into household and office products. Böck’s company, called Chop Value, has repurposed chopsticks into desktops, cutting boards and even table games.

Since 2016 when the company     9    (found), Chop Value has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, Chop Value seeks to create one     10     transforms waste into a usable resource.

4 . The mangrove tree might not look very impressive, but it is an essential part of our ecosystem. However, more than half of the mangrove forests have been destroyed in the past century. Several World Heritage Sites have been listed largely because of their mangrove ecosystems. Among them are the Sundarbans across India and Bangladesh, the Everglades National Park in the US, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.

Being a World Heritage Site requires for the mangroves to be protected. However, one country in Asia has gone further by having a five-year program to protect and conserve all their mangroves. They even have a mangrove museum and observe World Mangrove Day. This country is Sri Lanka. Why are mangrove trees so important to Sri Lanka and to other countries where mangroves grow?

The mangrove tree grows along coastal saltwater shorelines. They have adapted to the harsh coastal weather and have deep roots. This means that they are strong and cannot be easily removed. In countries where natural disasters such as tsunamis and cyclones occur, the forests provide protection. The villages in Sri Lanka with full mangrove forests have suffered less damage when hit by these natural disasters. The reason is that the mangroves break up the force and strength of the waves.

The mangroves also quickly absorb carbon dioxide and send oxygen into the atmosphere. This makes them an important part of the fight against climate change. They absorb far more carbon dioxide than other types of forest, and store it in their structure and even in the soil. This is important as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is believed to be a cause of detrimental changes in the weather, such as global warming.

The strong roots also provide protection for young fish as they grow. With the oceans around the world being overfished, it is important to maintain the ecological balance in the oceans. For Sri Lanka, one of the threats to the mangrove forests is the shrimp farms being set up. To build saltwater ponds for the shrimps, the mangroves are cut down. This has resulted in fewer fish surviving among the mangrove roots and fewer fish being caught by the fishermen. The local fishing communities noticed that they were losing money and it made them aware of how important the mangroves were. They are now helping to conserve the forests.

Sri Lanka is showing that a nation can preserve all of its mangroves. The conservation model they have can be used by other countries. It might take many years of planning, but the benefits of saving mangroves definitely outweigh the costs.

1. What do we know about the mangrove trees from the passage?

A．They are mainly grown in Australia.

B．They can prevent young fish from growing.

C．They have been damaged by natural disasters.

D．They are less impressive but important to the ecosystem.

2. What has been done in Sri Lanka to protect mangroves?

A．A world mangrove festival has been founded.

B．Saltwater ponds for the shrimps have been set up.

C．A 5-year mangroves protecting program has been started.

D．More mangroves along the coastal areas have been grown.

3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A．The mangroves can keep the ecological balance in the oceans.

B．The mangroves are essential for fighting against climate change.

C．The mangroves have deep roots and hold the soil in place firmly.

D．The mangroves can break up the force and strength of the waves.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the future conservation of mangroves?

A．Positive.

B．Negative.

C．Doubtful.

D．Unclear.

5 . Green tourism, a form of ecotourism, is low-impact tourism with an eye toward protecting the environment and culture of an area. As the number of tourists traveling the world has been increasing, green tourism is getting more and more popular.

In some areas, green tourism is not only preferable but a necessity. It might seem wiser to some people to protect natural habitats and fragile (脆弱的)environments by banning visitors completely to these areas.     1     Green, sustainable tourism is considered to have offered the best of both worlds, protecting the ecology of an area while keeping local schools and businesses booming.

Green tourism doesn’t necessarily mean a vacation spent with little or no comfort.    2     Ecotourism exists in almost every style and taste. From gray water recycling systems to tents on tree house, there are numerous vacationing options. Simple efforts can go toward “greening up” a standard vacation, such as keeping to pointed pathways,    3     and visiting cultural areas instead of typical tourist attractions.

A very green holiday can be spent studying the plants, animals and cultural heritage of the area, as well as learning ways to protect and preserve it. Tourists can experience all that an arca has to offer,    4    .

    5    They can help to build a school or perform other services that benefit the area and preserve the natural habitat. These vacations can be a lot of work, but many people find them to be very rewarding and interesting learning experiences.

A．It can be well worth doing

B．It can be a wonderful adventure

C．Green tourism could easily become the standard

D．eating where locally grown cuisine is served

E．making little or no impact on the environment

F．Many areas, however, depend on the income from tourism to support the local economy

G．There are also trips available in which vacationers improve the local area actively

6 . John “Charlie” Veron-widely known as “the Godfather of Coral Reef (珊瑚礁)”-is a celebrated expert who has personally discovered nearly a quarter of the world’s coral species and has spent the past 45 years diving Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. But now the 73-year-old is raising the alarm about its future. The Great Barrier Reef, one of the natural wonders, is 2, 300 kilometers long and is the only living organism that can be seen from space. It is considered a World Treasure Site due to its biodiversity (生物多样性)with 30 species of whales, dolphins and sharks. Within the reef itself, there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes.

However, its health is threatened. After the recent mass bleaching (白化)events, Veron dived in many areas of the Great Barrier Reef to see the damage for himself. “I was seeing and feeling it and it was absolutely shocking, ” he says.

Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years-and the possibility of losing one of nature’s greatest treasures-were a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against climate change, which, together with the rising sea temperature, is considered the greatest threats to the reef.

Fortunately, earlier this year, the Australian government announced nearly 400 million dollars in new funding towards scientific projects designed to help the reef.

There has been criticism in Australia about the slow process for the funding. “It won’t be wasted, though,”Veron says. “As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef. What the scientists hope to do is to help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come down.”

1. Why is the Great Barrier Reef considered a treasure site?

A．It is a natural wonder.

B．It can be seen from space.

C．It has a rich variety of species.

D．It is home to a great many fishes.

2. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Climate change is threatening biodiversity.

B．The Great Barrier Reef is in danger of extinction.

C．Scientists have found major factors in the reef’s blenching.

D．Veron has made great contributions to environmental protection.

3. What's Veron's attitude to the future of the reef according to the last paragraph?

A．Uncaring.

B．Doubtful.

C．Uncertain.

D．Positive.

4. What is the text?

A．A news report.	B．A travel guide.
C．A research plan.	D．A journal entry.

7 . 语法填空

The beautiful Li River is one of the     1     (famous) tourist destinations, but the     2     (grow) in tourism has had negative effects on the river’s water quality. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.

Water quality in the Li River had suffered     3     (great) from an increasing volume of tourists, many of     4    frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed     5     the problem too. The local population rose rapidly, as well as     6     number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. To feed more people, more chemicals     7     (use) to increase crop production. These chemicals led to severe water quality issues,     8     (cause) a decrease in the number of fish species.

Finally, a series of urgent steps were taken     9     (restore) the river’s original beauty. It     10     (believe) that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.

8 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Seventy-five-year-old Xiao Luying is the vice-captain of a team of volunteers engaged in cleaning floating trash from the Yangtze River. The team,     1     (form) in 2019, is made up of more than 50 local ex-fishermen aged over 60,     2     the average.

“We have lived along the Yangtze River since childhood and want to do our part in protecting it,” said Xiao from a village of Anhui Province. Sixty-year-old Ma Mingsuo is one of the team, who has fished for over 40 years. Upon     3     (end) his fishing career, this old fisherman turned to apply his sailing experience to protecting the mother river. “It’s good that my skill can still be used to clean the garbage in the river,     4     will also benefit the future generations,” said Ma.

Each month, this     5     (volunteer) team patrols (巡逻) 15 km of waterways three     6     (time), collecting trash and preventing people from fishing on the river. The trash collected by them     7     (send) to the garbage disposal station on the shore, while the recyclable waste such as plastic bottles is sold.

In over a year, the team of volunteers has grown from 13 members to over 50. Up to now, they     8    (clean) over 50 tons of floating waste. “We will continue to protect the Yangtze River until we are     9     old to handle the boat, as it’s a career     10     (real) deserving our time and energy,” said Xiao.

9 . In February 1970, a group of activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and _________ against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee _________ with a monumental line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. The group were so _________ the phrase that they named their first boat the Green Peace.

Over the last 50 years, the _________ movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its _________ go back some way. We have _________ green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”.

The human species, which emerged in the green forests and grasslands of Africa about 300, 000 years ago, has a special _________ link with green. Our eyes might even have _________ specifically to see the green in plants. Unlike most animals, who are red-green colour blind, we humans developed a third cone cell, an additional photoreceptor enabling our _________ to spot ripe red and yellow fruits against a backdrop of green leaf, and to distinguish different green leaves from each other. In daylight conditions, human eyes are more ____________ to green than any other colour.

With the rise of farming, we started to use green as a(n) ____________ for nature and its processes. Archaeologists have recently found an extraordinary store of green jewels in the Levant, ____________ some 10, 000 years. The researchers believe that these objects, many of which had come from hundreds of miles away at great cost, were chosen because they ____________ young leaves and might have been used by early farmers to pray for rainfall or fertilise crops.

The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000 B.C., ____________ use green as identification for their crops. Egyptian painters often represented their god of ____________, Osiris — who was responsible for flooding the Nile’s banks, filling the soil with nutrients and pushing the first green shoots up through the fields — as a bright green being.

1.

A．bump

B．protest

C．compete

D．insure

2.

A．objected

B．announced

C．responded

D．highlighted

3.

A．curious about

B．familiar with

C．shocked at

D．fascinated by

4.

A．environmental

B．revolutionary

C．multicultural

D．deliberate

5.

A．results

B．origins

C．extremes

D．streams

6.

A．identified

B．recognized

C．combined

D．illustrated

7.

A．physical

B．artificial

C．biological

D．physiological

8.

A．engaged

B．evolved

C．dominated

D．exchanged

9.

A．pioneers

B．seniors

C．ancestors

D．inspectors

10.

A．sensitive

B．available

C．equivalent

D．appropriate

11.

A．approach

B．symbol

C．alternative

D．signal

12.

A．crossing over

B．counting for

C．according to

D．dating back

13.

A．described

B．reflected

C．interpreted

D．resembled

14.

A．eventually

B．similarly

C．consequently

D．definitely

15.

A．agriculture

B．vegetation

C．cultivation

D．generation

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Desertification is a serious problem     1     (face) numerous countries in the world. Shi Guangyin, an eco-warrior from Shanxi Province,     2     (battle) desertification for about 40 years. Born in a town on the southern edge of the Mu Us Desert, Shi remembers how sandstorms easily destroyed the crops the villagers had grown and made their life     3     misery.

In 1984, the government issued new policies to encourage individuals to plant trees in contracted sand lands. Despite the     4     (oppose) of his family, Shi resigned from his leadership position at a state-owned farm and began his fight against desertification.

    5     (initial), Shi met with the challenge of lacking funds. He managed to raise RMB 12,000 by selling all his sheep and borrowing money from door to door.     6     followed was tireless work by Shi and his team, planting several species of drought-enduring trees over sand. Langwosha is an area of about 400 hectares     7     strong winds blow hard all year round. After failing     8     the first two attempts, Shi realized scientific research was also important. In 1988, Shi challenged Langwosha the third time. This time he     9     (equip) with a newly acquired technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%,     10     (survive).

“My fight continues as long as my life continues. I shall not stop planting trees until my last breath,” said Shi Guangyin.