A. alarming B. carbon-intensive C. durability D. glued E. labels F. man-made G. manufacturing H. recycle I. redefine J. samples K. share |
How sustainable are your sneakers?
Over the last five years the sneaker industry has grown rapidly and shows no sign of slowing down. The global athletic footwear market is expected to exceed 95 billion (USD) by 2025. According to the World Footwear Yearbook, over 24 billion pairs of shoes are produced annually. Among them sneakers account for the largest
Sneaker production is very
These emissions mainly come from
Then why don’t we move away from the use of plastic? Since sneakers have to endure much more than a regular pair of shoes, the aspect of their
The footwear industry is at least 10 years behind the rest of fashion in terms of environmental standards. Seven out of ten brands are having discussions on sustainability, yet only 40% of companies have a sustainability program in place. Big industry players (such as Adidas and Nike) and some smaller
Considering that close to 25 billion pairs of shoes were produced worldwide in the last year, it is clear that immediate action is very important. It is my hope that we consumers will
2 . A simple piece of rope hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who have begun to see clothes dryers as a wasteful consumers of energy (up to 6% of total electricity) and powerful emitters of carbon dioxide (up to a ton of CO2 per household every year). As an alternative, they are turning to clotheslines as part of what Alexander Lee, an environmentalist, calls “what-I-can-do environmentalism.”
But the other side are people who oppose air-drying laundry outside on visual grounds. Increasingly, they have persuaded community and homeowners associations (HOAs) access the U.S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, which they say not only look unattractive but also lower surrounding property values. Those actions, in turn, have led to a right-to-dry movement that is pressing for making laws to protect the choice to use clotheslines. Only three states — Florida, Hawaii and Utah — have laws written broadly enough to protect clotheslines. Right-to-dry advocates argue that there should be more.
Matt Reck is the kind of eco-conscious guy who feeds his trees with bathwater and recycles condensation drops (冷凝水) from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But Otto Hagen, president of Reck’s HOA in Wake Forest, N.C., notified him that a neighbor had complained about his line. The Recks ignored the warning and still dry their clothes on a rope in the yard. “Many people claim to be environmentally friendly but don’t take matters into their own hands,” says Reck. HOAs Hagen has decided to hold off taking action. “I’m not going to go crazy,” he says. “But if Matt keeps his line and more neighbors complains, I’ll have to address it again.”
North Carolina lawmakers tried and failed earlier this year to insert language into an energy bill that would expressly prevent HOAs from regulating clotheslines. But the issue remains a touchy one with HOAs and real estate agents. “Most visual restrictions are rooted. to a degree, in the belief that homogenous (统一协调的) external appearance are supportive of property value,” says Sara Stubbins, executive director of the Community Association Institute’s North Carolina chapter. In other words, associations worry that housing prices will fall if prospective buyers think their would-be neighbors are too poor to afford dryers.
Alexander Lee dismisses the notion that clotheslines devalue property advocating that the idea “needs to change in light of global warming.” “We all have to do at least something to decrease our carbon footprint,” Alexander Lee says.
1. What is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of using clothes dryers?A.Electricity consumption. | B.Air pollution. |
C.Waste of energy. | D.Ugly looking. |
A.Opposers think air-drying laundry would devalue surrounding property. |
B.Opposers consider the outdoor clothesline as an eyesore to the scenery. |
C.Right-to-dry movements led to the pass of written laws to protect clotheslines. |
D.Most of states in the US have no written laws to protect clotheslines. |
A.clotheslines should be banned in the community |
B.clotheslines wouldn’t lessen the property values |
C.the globe would become warmer and warmer |
D.we should protect the environment in the community |
A.Opinions on Environmental Protection | B.Opinions on Air-drying Laundry |
C.What-I-Can-Do Environmentalism | D.Restrictions on Clotheslines |
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A.trouble | B.arouse | C.target | D.motivate |
A.to draw the readers’ attention to bio-diversity |
B.because they’re easy for students to remember the projects |
C.to show the writer’s skill of using similar words |
D.because they are the technical terms for environment protection |
A.The CD-ROM product is fun for children to use. |
B.Children must have certain skills to use this product. |
C.It is important to act quickly to obtain this product. |
D.The CD-ROM will help children become environmentally aware. |
A.To command school to introduce the CD-ROM to students. |
B.To provide a discount for the schools to buy the products. |
C.To encourage Australian children to contribute to protecting environment. |
D.To collect education resources for classroom activities and school projects. |
A.45% | B.54% | C.70% | D.74% |
A.To make supportive policies to call on people to use water wisely. |
B.To get more people to use water in environmental-friendly ways. |
C.To develop more water recycling systems in poor countries. |
D.To encourage people to save energy actively as much as possible. |
A.Estimates about water use. | B.Importance of fresh water. |
C.Concerns about water issues. | D.Lack of safe drinking water. |
5 . The Last Straw?
Every second, the world uses 160,000 plastic bags — that is a total of over five trillion per year. Up to 99 percent of these plastic bags hang around for at least 1,000 years and pollute Earth. And yet, plastic bags are hardly a necessity in our lives. Of all the changes we could make to create a more sustainable lifestyle, a total ban on plastic bags should be simple.
At the beginning of 2021, Shanghai put in effect a ban on all plastic bags in shopping malls and supermarkets, as well as a ban on non-degradable plastics in many other areas. Over the years, individuals and companies have worked to replace plastic items, such as cups and straws, with paper ones.
Customers complain that paper straws often become soft and break before they can finish their hot drinks. Experts, however, have repeatedly stressed plastic substitutes (替代品) are not the ultimate solution, and that our consumption habits need a bigger change.
In college, one of my environmental science professors promoted a type of waste-free living. She carried around a small glass jar with her, and in it was all her trash she collected for the entire year. She was able to do this by bringing her own cup to Starbucks, her own bags to the shops, and never buying anything that came wrapped in plastic. Her food waste also became compost.
Plastic bags are incredibly easy to forget about when they become increasingly common.
A.Clearly she demonstrated our ability to live a completely healthy life without creating a great deal of plastic waste. |
B.Plastic bag litter has even caused great problems in some areas. |
C.If they’re free to use and easily disposed of, they’re a mere tool that we don’t have to think about. |
D.Some of these decisions have been met with criticism. |
E.Unfortunately, such a high level of pollution doesn’t come without consequences. |
6 . China becomes a world leader in clean technology by fighting environmental pollution, sharing experience.
Erik Solheim, former executive director of the United Nations Environmental Programme, said he is
This is very
He believes that it’s time for the rest of the world to
For Solheim, who is also the former Norwegian Minister of the Environment and Minister of International Development, China’s achievements on the climate and environmental fronts all started with its fight against
“People wanted to see beautiful skies over their cities,” he told China Daily. “The
The latest
Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu told a news conference on Sept 15 that the country’s toughest measures and greatest progress on the ecological and environmental front have occurred in the last decade.
He said that
While poor air quality used to be a source of frequent public complaints, the average
About 87.5 percent of days last year were rated as having good air quality, up 6.3 percentage points from 2015, making China the country with the biggest
In the last decade, the
China has has legislated or revised roughly 30 laws and regulations, some of which focused on water resource protection, including the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, which was modified in 2017, and the Yangtze River Protection Law, which
A.confused | B.impressed | C.obsessed | D.connected |
A.available | B.accessible | C.sustainable | D.substantial |
A.evident | B.attractive | C.invisible | D.unique |
A.donating | B.contributing | C.manufacturing | D.distributing |
A.fall behind | B.put forward | C.look up | D.catch up |
A.pollution | B.environment | C.ecology | D.emission |
A.probably | B.inevitably | C.incredibly | D.traditionally |
A.biological | B.advanced | C.far-reaching | D.green |
A.study | B.figures | C.technologies | D.innovation |
A.thanks to | B.despite | C.regardless of | D.other than |
A.height | B.length | C.concentration | D.weight |
A.obstacle | B.improvement | C.contribution | D.cultivation |
A.quality | B.flavor | C.deposit | D.proportion |
A.accounting | B.making | C.looking | D.applying |
A.took effect | B.took place | C.took to | D.took in |
A. banned F. regularly | B. imperfect G. reusing | C. delivered H. throw | D. growing I. victim | E. embrace J. relatively | K. keep |
Tips for More Sustainable Living
Making some small changes to your routine can pay off big in various ways:helping the planet while saving your time, money, or both. You will be surprised by how big a difference you can make with
Give up throwing certain items. Your coffee grounds, and used tea leaves can be fertilizer (肥料) instead of being thrown in the trash. If you don’t have access to a fertilizer factory, you can hire a company to
Try to
Forget fast fashion. The average American throws away 82 pounds of fast fashion clothing each year. Thankfully, there’s a(n)
Don’t get cheated. Because of the consumer trend toward more eco-friendly products, many companies make exaggerated (夸张的) claims about their own efforts. For instance, a brand might boast that its products are free of a certain chemical, even though that chemical has been
8 . They, stretching along the shore, swim quite lovely, looking for underwater greens to feed on. However, in these days, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees(海牛)like to eat along Florida’s western coast. And it’s making them sick-even killing them.
It’s a poisonous form of algae, which is usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but red tide is an exception. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick that they can’t even swim.
“They’re basically paralyzed(瘫痪的), and they become unconscious,” said Virginia Emonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can’t swim and will drown.
As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 184 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida’s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year-and we still have nearly nine months to go!
The experts aren’t sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida-and throughout much of the Caribbean Sea.
In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government’s protection, Florida’s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that’s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster-just like on land.
1. The word “them” (in the first paragraph) probably refers to “______”.A.endangered animals | B.manatees |
C.algae | D.underwater greens |
A.has caused damage to most of the underwater greens |
B.serves to cultivate farm lands |
C.destroy manatees’ ability to surface to breathe |
D.give rise to 184 manatees’ deaths every month |
A.The current situation of manatees in Florida. |
B.The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide. |
C.The fatal effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees |
D.The researchers’ efforts to prevent the red tide from spreading. |
A.The red tide has been changing the manatees’ habitat. |
B.The red tide has been posing a threat to the manatees. |
C.The manatee is officially an endangered species. |
D.More efforts should be put to save the manatees. |
Throughout the world, only 15% of the material that are used to make clothing is properly recycled, according to the Alle SacUrthur Club, an organization in Liverpool, UK, that boosts the circular economy. Most clothing waste—an
A change in the manufacturing process is being applied to the textile-waste problem by Essen, a start-up in Seattle, Washington.
Although there are abundant technical challenges, the main barrier
Using renewables seems to cut carbon more than nuclear. Nations that embraced renewable forms of energy have significantly cut their carbon emissions, but
Nuclear and renewables are seen as two key ways for governments to decarbonize(去碳), but the question of whether one is more effective for dealing with climate change
To find out, Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex and his colleagues looked at carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and GDP over 25 years. They found that in 117 countries that had been using renewables, CO2 emissions per capita(人均地)dropped from 0.69 tonnes(公吨)on average between 1990 and 2004 to 0.61 tonnes between 2000 and 2014 and
During the same periods, however, the 30 countries that had been using nuclear power largely stayed flat, shifting from an average 0.52 tonnes of Co2 emissions per capita to 0.51. The two groups of countries overlap because some fall into both. Renewables included wind, solar, hydroelectric, and biomass energy. “If you’re focusing on
The reason