1 . In October 2015, Shah began picking up rubbish from the beach every Sunday morning. At first,   it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began _________ others to join in. Word spread and with help from social media, more volunteers got involved.

Shah hasn't stopped since. He's now spent 209 weekends _________ to this mission, inspiring more than 200,000 _________ to join him in what's been called the world's biggest beach cleanup. By October 2018, Versova Beach was _________ clean and Shah's cleanups expanded to another _________ as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India.

For Shah, the work has always been a personal journey, but it has earned _________ attention. After he was _________ as a Champion of the Earth by the United Nations in 2016, Bollywood celebrities and politicians accepted his mission and joined in his cleanups.

Today, Shah is also working with coastal communities to _________ plastic pollution at one of the sources. In areas lacking waste management systems, rubbish often ends up in streams and rivers that empty into the _________. Shah and his volunteers ____________ and assist villagers in reducing, managing and recycling their plastic waste.

“This world ____________ too much. I think you must talk less and do action ____________,” he said. “Every citizen on this planet must be in for a long pull. I feel the ____________ to do something for my planet, so this will ____________ for life. If each one could start, this journey could become ____________. Can we do it together?”

Every Wednesday at 7 p.m., a group of runners from different countries gather at a bar in Shanghai before     1     (set) out on their 5 ­kilometer run. But this is no ordinary run. These people     2     (arm) with rubbish bags. The members of this group don’t simply run for good health. They do it for the environment     3     well.     4     (call) “plogging”, this new fitness activity began in Sweden in 2016 and was introduced to Shanghai in 2018. By the summer of 2018, just a few months after Rubbish Running China was founded,     5     (it) WeChat group had grown to more than 400 runners. To make the activity more fun for both newcomers and regular ploggers, Rubbish Running China also     6     (frequent) organizes longer weekend runs in the suburban areas. “We want more people to hold small ‘plogging’ groups and have     7     responsibility to organize rubbish running activities in their own neighborhoods,” says Eisenring,     8     founded Rubbish Running China. “ ‘Plogging’ is a way     9     (know) the people and the city a bit more,” says Robbin Trebbe, one of the     10     (late) runners to join the group.

Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers     1     (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. Over time, however,       2     some scientists have found is that their long­term use can sometimes harm both the land     3     people’s health. For example, pesticides can damage the land by     4     (kill) not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. As     5     alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free       6     disease through natural means.Organic farmers also use many other methods     7     (produce) rich soil. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food. Some people would prefer to stop the use of man­made chemicals in agriculture     8     (entire). But there is still a long way to find a     9     (suit) solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while     10     (keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible.

Given the fact that chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers can fight crop diseases and increase production, they    1    (be) in wide-spread use since the 1950s. When they were first introduced,many farmers considered them as a great way.However, with time     2    (go) by, they have been proved harmful to the environment and people's health if     3    (use) for a long time.     4    (tackle) this problem, some farmers have switched to organic farming     5     an alternative. And organic food has become     6     favorite for many customers. Farmers who grow organic products rely on it that     7    (nature) means could keep their soil fertile and free of disease. Different organic methods have come up,     8     goal is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health. However, organic farming cannot replace chemical farming     9    (instant) for it's feeding a huge number of people worldwide now. There is still a long way to go before scientists find a suitable     10    (solve) that can serve the high demand for food around the world while protecting the environment.

9 . The world has a plastic problem—and it is increasing.    1     But in the meantime, here are five things you can do to reduce plastic waste now.

1.Replace plastic bags. People use a lot of plastic bags worldwide every year.About 10 percent are used in the United States alone. That’s almost one bag per American per day.    2     In 1993, Denmark was the first country to place a tax(税) on plastic bags.Today, other countries either make customers pay for plastic bags or have banned them completely.

2.Skip the straw(吸管)．Today, around 8.3 billion plastic straws pollute the world’s beaches.    3    In 2018, Seattle became the first major U．S.city to ban plastic straws, and many other cities are set to follow its example.

3.Use limited plastic bottles. Buy a reusable bottle and fill it with any type of beverage(饮料)you like.    4    Globally, however, consumers still buy nearly a million plastic bottles every minute.

4.Avoid plastic packaging materials.Don’t buy fruit or vegetables in plastic packaging.In the United Kingdom, leaders are calling for supermarkets to have plastic­free areas.They also want to tax plastic take­out containers.

5.Recycle. We can’t recycle all plastic items, but it is possible to recycle most bottles and milk or juice cartons.Today, Norway recycles 97 percent of its plastic bottle.How?    5    

10 . Most of the efforts aimed at reducing climate change focus on reducing the use of fossil fuels (矿物燃料). But a new study warns that pollution caused by the world’s food production system is also a major driver of rising temperatures on the planet. The study found that if the world food system stays on its current growth path, it will produce nearly 1.4 trillion metric tons of greenhouse gases over the next 80 years.

That pollution is expected to come from fertilizers used in agriculture, mismanaged soil and food waste. Other causes include land­clearing operations and deforestation (森林采伐). Researchers from the University of Minnesota and the University of Oxford in Britain led the study, which recently appeared in the publication Science.

The researchers predict that even if fossil fuel emissions (排放) were stopped now, emissions from the world food system would make it impossible to reach current international climate change targets. They say that emissions from food production alone could push world temperatures past 1.5 degrees Celsius by the middle of this century and above 2 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. A main goal of the 2015 United Nations Paris Agreement on climate change is to keep rises in the Earth’s temperature during this century to between 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. The U. N. has said that in order to stay below the 1.5 Celsius level, emissions must fall at least 7.6 percent each year through 2030.

The new study calls for immediate “improvements in farming practices, as well as changes in what we eat and how much food we waste,” to help reach the Paris Agreement goals. Jason Hill is a professor of biosystems engineering at the University of Minnesota. He helped lead the study. He said in a statement that the research clearly shows that food has a much greater effect on climate change than is widely known.