1 . A Plastic Ocean is a documentary to make you think. Think, and then act. We need to take action on our dependence on plastic. We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities. Some bottles, shopping bags and toys are made of plastic.     1     What happens to all the rest? This is the question the documentary A Plastic Ocean answers.

The documentary begins with a journey to film the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale. But during the journey, the producers made a shocking discovery of a huge, thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.     2     In total, they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the documentary.

In the documentary there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life.     3     We see how marine species (海洋物种) are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping (倾倒) in the ocean. The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious.

    4     In the second half, the producers look at what we can do to deal with the problem. They present short-term and long-term solutions. These include avoiding plastic containers and recycling plastic as much as you can. The producers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes.

We make a shocking amount of plastic. Over 300 million tons of plastic is produced every year, and at least 8 million of it is dumped into the oceans. The results are disastrous, but it isn’t too late to change.     5    

The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are    1    (nature) gas or electric­powered stoves.

The World Health Organization warns that millions of people    2    (suffer) from indoor air pollution at present time, which results from the use of    3    (danger) fuels and cook­stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are    4    (able) to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. As a result, more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Most of the deaths are in    5    (develop) countries, such as India, China and Latin American countries.

WHO officials say opening a window or door    6    (let) out the harmful air will not correct the situation.     7    will only pollute the outdoors. Nigel Bruce,    8    is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool, says researchers are developing good cook­stoves and other equipment to burn fuels    9    a more efficient way. But, this is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use    10    (clean) fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances (用具).

4 . Oil is essential for modern life. About 64 percent of the world’s oil is located in the Middle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil are Europe, America, and Japan. The problem lies in getting the oil from the countries that produce it to the countries that consume it. This is mainly done using oil tankers. Usually the oil is shipped safely and with no problems, but occasionally there is a disaster.

Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped around the world each year, this spilled oil can have terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore.

One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the Exxon Valdez tanker got stuck off the coast of Alaska, spilling 42 million liters of oil. Although it wasn’t the largest oil spill, the disaster was terrible because it occurred in such a sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker’s captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to another sailor, who was unfamiliar with the route. The ship ran onto Bligh Reef. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Many birds and otters died as a result of the oil covering their skin, and many other sea creatures and the animals that fed on them were also severely affected.

Without the usual smoggy days, local     1    (resident) have been happy with the air quality since the heating season started. They open the window to air their homes. In social media, pictures of blue skies and white clouds     2    (frequent) appear,     3    (show) people's excitement with the clear days.

In Shanxi,     4     major coal production province, burning coarse coal(粗煤)for heating used to be a main source of air     5     (pollute). The government has been striving to change all this. It has launched a campaign to replace coarse coal     6     clean fuels for heating since 2017.

More than 38 percent of the heating companies- in Shanxi had applied advanced equipment with higher efficiency and     7    (low) emissions (排放)by the end of 2019,     8     (compare) with 25.5 percent at the end of20l7. It     9     (estimate) that the number can reach 50 percent by the end of this year,     10     is the goal of the government.

Suzhou,May 2020:According to a government's plan,all major cities in China are expected to start garbage classification this year, and the system should be completed and functioning by the end of 2025.The city of Suzhou has thus acted and related campaigns have been launched and flourishing throughout the neighborhoods.

In a summer camp,one of the events,a group of adolescents visited several waste treatment plants where they gained a better understanding of methods of sorting and recycling organic waste,sewage(生活污水）and sludge(生活污物）。In another event,a team of residents.and a team of students from a local college had a debate on"Should Practice of Garbage Classification Rely More on Law Enforcement or Moral Consciousness'.Many residents watched the debate and acquired a good knowledge of garbage classification in the process.Still another community offered the local administrative staff working on garbage disposal(处置）and environmental protection and staff from the local property management company a chance to visit a community in Wujiang District,Suzhou to learn experience for more efficient garbage classification.

Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water     1    (use )on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are     2     (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea.

However, Mare Van Rijsselberghe, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a     3    (mix)of sea and fresh water     4    (grow)healthy and tasty vegetables.

He teamed up with scientists from the Free University of Amsterdam and divided a farm     5     eight irrigated areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and     6     computer program created water with eight levels of salinity(含盐度).

The water levels and the levels of salinity were controlled by computerised measuring devices called “sensors”. Mr. Van Rijsselberghe said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight test areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than     7     grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much     8    (good).

He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr. Van Rijsselberghe said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan     9     thousands of hectares of land     10    (damage) by salinization(盐化作用)last year.

A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by 2025.

A private American organisation called Population Action International (PAI) did the new study. It says more than three hundred and thirty-­five million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty­eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.

PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three thousand million people are short of water. Eighteen more countries are expected to have serious water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on the earth stays the same.

Mr Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.

The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking water is not safe. Mr Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases like cholera that are carried in water.

Lack of water may also lead to more international conflicts. Countries may have to fight for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan and   Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.

The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.

The report also says long­term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.

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Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air     1    (health) for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water     2    (pour) continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish     3    (careless) disposed(处理).

There are different kinds of     4    (pollute), each of which comes from different sources. It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to get rid of them. Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the     5    (majority) source of pollution.

The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds—solids, liquid and gas. The pollution is threatening our existence. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative     6    (effect) and even posed a great threat to man’s existence.

We must face the situation that exists and take action     7    (solve) our environmental problems. The public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and raise their     8    (aware) of protecting the environment and so on.

The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care     9     it for ourselves and our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people     10    realize) these problems. Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government. I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.