Do you know the UK government has
The motivation behind this
A similar law
As of January 2015, 22% of adult men and 17% of adult women smoke in Great Britain. The possibility of smoking in the UK increases with age so that by 15 years of age 8% of school children
Smoking is one of
First it was pets, then fish.Now it's poultry(家禽）and pigs. The list of animals
Since a ban on processed animal protein was imposed in 2001 in the wake of the“mad cow”crisis, soy and fishmeal
The one thing going against them is price: insect protein is two to three times
Poultry and pig feed are by far
3 . Are you the only child in your family? If so, do you enjoy it or do you want more siblings（兄弟姐妹）?
On May 31, a key meeting of the Communist Party of China unveiled a policy that would allow all couples to have up to three children.
The move is expected to maximize the population's role in driving economic and social growth, since this is a critical time for China to transform the world's most populous country into a powerhouse（强国）with a quality workforce, according to the National Health Commission.
The three-child policy is also expected to prevent the decline in the nation's birthrate and address the challenge of a rapidly aging population, China Daily reported.
China's annual number of newborns has fallen for four years in a row. The country's total birthrate—the average number of children born to each woman—stood at 1.3 in 2020. The number is below the rate of 2.1 that would maintain a stable population, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.
The declining birthrate has also brought a sharp increase in the proportion of the population aged 60 or above, rising from 10.3 percent to 18.7 percent in the past decade. An increasingly elderly population will increase the cost of labor and the pressure on the social security net. It also means there will be a lack of young labor force. Therefore, it's not good for economic growth, according to Chen Youhua, a professor at Nanjing University.
In fact, the new birth policy is a step to further relax the family planning policy. The one-child policy was introduced in the 1970s and aimed to control the fast-growing population. Then in 2013, China allowed couples to have a second child if either parent was an only child, and in 2016, all couples were allowed to have two children.
However, not all people have shown their support for this latest policy. Many couples complained about the rising costs of raising a child. A netizen named Qinfeng commented, "High cost of education and both the physical and mental exhaustion stopped me from having more than one child." Also, many women are reluctant（不情愿的）to give birth because that could mean sacrificing their career prospects, according to Mu Guangzong, a professor at Peking University.
In that case, Mu noted that it is better to implement supporting measures with the three-child policy, such as more preferential（优惠的）policies for couples that would ease their parental burden.
1. What might NOT be the main cause for the new policy?| A．To increase the population's role. |
| B．To stop the declining birthrate. |
| C．To improve the child- care service system. |
| D．To address the challenge of the aging population. |
| A．China's annual number of newborns has fallen for decades. |
| B．The government will protect the legal rights of women in employment. |
| C．Measures will be taken to improve the high-quality education. |
| D．The new policy allows couples to have up to three children. |
| A．To carry out. | B．To get along with. |
| C．To make use of. | D．To have a command of. |
| A．To show his love of children healthcare. |
| B．To introduce the new family size policy. |
| C．To share his concerns about birthrate. |
| D．To emphasize the physical and mental exhaustion. |
1. 骑行者缺乏安全意识；
2. 说明佩戴头盔的好处；
3. 呼吁同学们在骑电动车时佩戴头盔。
注意：1. 词数100左右，可以适当增加细节，行文连贯；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellow students,
A regulation has been issued recently that all citizens shall wear a helmet while riding an electric bicycle.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
The Student Union
Although tobacco use among Chinese middle school students has decreased in recent years, the number of electronic cigarette smokers
Despite being called
The newly revised Law on the Protection of Minors (未成年人),
The new law
6 . Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expression the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” is such an example. This conception of retributive justice (报应正义) is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times, especially when the death penalty is demanded for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that the criminal had by his own actions denied (否定) his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract (抵制) the denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own life will pay his debt.
Modern jurists (法学家) have tried to replace retributive justice with the idea of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each person to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member. Only those criminals who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment. It means that the goal of justice is to cure the person, not simply to get even with him. If severe punishment is the only adequate means of accomplishing this, it should be administered. However, the person should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.
1. Why is “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” presented?| A．To give moral support to retributive justice. |
| B．To prove that equality demands just punishment. |
| C．To justify the need for punishment as a part of law. |
| D．To prove that man has long been interested in justice. |
| A．Uncertain. | B．Disapproving. | C．Supportive. | D．Cautious. |
| A．The type of crime that was proven. | B．The severity of the punishment. |
| C．The reason for the sentence. | D．The outcome of the trial. |
| A．Fitting the punishment to the crime | B．Approaches to just punishment |
| C．Attaining justice in the courts | D．Improvements in legal justice |
7 . Sociologists indicate that people obey the law because they see it as a legitimate (合法) authority. But McAdams, the Bernard D. Meltzer Professor of Law and Aaron Director Research Scholar, shared his two different theories of how the law works specifically: by allowing people to coordinate (配合) and by signaling new information and beliefs. McAdams explains them in depth in The Expressive Powers of Law: Theories and Limits.
The coordination theory is that law works as a focus to help people avoid conflict or other undesirable situations, “One example is a one-way traffic sign. We could imagine working without sanctions (制裁) or legitimacy, because you would be a fool to ignore it,” McAdams said, “Seeing the one-way sign, you know other people will see it too, and you expect that you’ll have a head-on crash if you go the wrong way. Your reason to follow the one-way lines is independent of sanctions or legitimacy, which is simply to coordinate with people.”
But law also works specifically by signaling information about risk or public attitudes that causes people to update their behavior. “People take the beliefs of others as input into their own beliefs and changing their beliefs can cause them to change their behavior,” McAdams said. For example: A new smoking ban might reveal a rising disapproval of cigarette smoking, and it might also reveal that lawmakers now believe it’s harmful.
Either of these could change behavior. “If I’m a nonsmoker, I might be willing to bear more of a cost to avoid secondhand smoke, and that might include resisting smokers. And if I’m a smoker, and I think that secondhand smoke is more harmful than I used to, then I might expect more resistance if I don’t give in,” McAdams said.
1. What does the author intend to do in the first paragraph?| A．To introduce the topic of the text. | B．To tell readers who are McAdams. |
| C．To offer some advice on obeying laws. | D．To explain what are McAdams’ theories. |
| A．Public attitudes need updating all the time. |
| B．People’s beliefs will decide their behaviors. |
| C．Lawmakers’ beliefs are of importance to public behaviors. |
| D．Others’ beliefs will have a bad effect on people’s own decision. |
| A．Why the law is important. | B．How the law affects the public. |
| C．Why people obey the law. | D．How people learn more about the law. |
8 . Bringing goods into the UK
You are allowed to bring some goods for personal use without paying tax or duty.
Arrivals from EU countries
You can bring goods from EU countries without being charged tax or duty if they are:
● transported by yourself; ● a gift or for personal use; ● bought with tax and duty included.
You can bring alcohol and tobacco from EU countries without restriction but an inquiry(调查) might be required depending on the amount of your goods.
Arrivals from outside the EU
You will be free of duty or tax on certain amounts of goods brought from outside the EU, as long as they are for your own use. Any goods that are beyond your allowance should be declared.
Alcohol & tobacco allowance:
| Type of goods | Cigarettes | Cigars | Tobacco | Beer | Wine(not sparkling wine) | Spirits | Alcoholic drinks |
| Amount | 200 | 50 | 250 grams | 16 litres | 4 litres | 1 litre | 2 litres |
Allowance for other goods:
The maximum value of other goods you can bring is £390. Any single item that is worth more than the allowance will be charged duty or tax on its full value.
The rate of duty or tax on items above the allowance is:
● 2.5% for goods worth up to £630;
● decided by the type of goods worth above £630 — check by calling the VAT, Customs.
Banned and restricted goods
Goods banned include:
● illegal drugs; ● offensive weapons; ● endangered animal and plant species;
● meat and dairy(乳制的) products from most non-EU countries.
Food and plant products restricted include:
● products containing pests and diseases; ● products grown outside the EU;
● products not for your own use.
1. Which of the following products from outside the EU has the largest duty-free allowance?| A．Beer. |
| B．Wine (not sparkling wine). |
| C．Spirits. |
| D．Alcoholic drinks. |
| A．£ 2.75 | B．£ 12.5 | C．£ 110 | D．£ 130 |
| A．A set of Russian dolls. |
| B．A bottle of French wine. |
| C．A brick of Japanese cheese. |
| D．A package of Spanish cigarettes. |
9 . E-cigarettes Ban:Good news for Tobacco?
The proposed ban on flavored e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back to cigarettes,said Christopher Palmeri and Jeff Green in the Los Ange Times.
Responding to an outbreak of hundreds of serious lung illnesses from vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh person this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will outlaw everything but tobacco-flavored-cigarettes, as Michigan and New York state recently did. Flavors like buttered popcorn and mango helped create "an explosion" in teen vaping. But hundreds of thousands of teens already addicted to nicotine-and 9 million adults who vape--may simply replace vaping with tobacco products. By banning favored vapes the government may be "closing the shed door after the horse has gotten out."
Nobody vapes "because the flavor is so amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist com. That's why the ban is so clueless."If kids want to taste bubble gum,they can buy,you know,bubble gum." Vaping giants like Juul need to be honest about the fact that they’re in the nicotine business, and monitor themselves accordingly. They should spend billions ensuring that stores don’t sell to minors instead of touting the "scientific conclusion"that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking. The burning involved in smoking cigarettes creates tar and a bunch of chemicals not present in e-cigarettes' watery vapor. True, but nicotine is also a dangerous and addictive drug and vaping liquid itself contains chemicals that damage blood vessels(血管)."The idea of safe smoking" is"a lie," and the vaping industry's fruit- and candy-flavored pods" are proof of evil intent."
"The massive increase in teen vapers" is a reasonable concern, said Robert Gebelhoff in Washington Post.com.But the evidence suggests that the lung illnesses that led the government to act were caused by black-market products cut with dangerous substance.Banning favored vapes will only drive more nicotine addicts and teens to the black market,which will be happy to provide fruity pods. Instead of banning flavors, the government "should empower the FDA to fully regulate the industry." That would let science,"not panic,guide our policy."
1. What led to the proposed ban on e-cigarettes?| A．Popular flavors like mango led to teen nicotine addiction. |
| B．The lack of proper legal supervision in the vaping industry. |
| C．An increased number of deaths resulting from lung diseases. |
| D．The sharp increase in the sale of unhealthy tobacco products. |
| A．FDA would regulate the tobacco industry more effectively. |
| B．The vaping industry would be more strictly monitored. |
| C．The evil intent of the vaping industry would be revealed. |
| D．The tobacco industry might regain its previous glory. |
| A．Promoting | B．challenging | C．assuming | D．tolerating |
| A．Supportive. | B．Disapproving | C．Uninterested | D．Impartial. |
10 . The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights,
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's misjudged view of certain
| A．opposed | B．subjected | C．related | D．restricted |
| A．improving | B．restoring | C．ensuring | D．expanding |
| A．principle | B．reference | C．approach | D．efficiency |
| A．popular | B．absent | C．practical | D．accessible |
| A．Typical | B．Evident | C．Critical | D．Specific |
| A．in place of | B．in honor of | C．in case of | D．in favor of |
| A．results | B．events | C．patterns | D．links |
| A．protecting | B．acknowledging | C．limiting | D．liberating |
| A．officially | B．logically | C．particularly | D．physically |
| A．By contrast | B．In addition | C．In conclusion | D．In general |
| A．take charge of | B．contribute to | C．result from | D．deal with |
| A．rules | B．charges | C．crimes | D．relations |
| A．impolite | B．unrealistic | C．inadequate | D．unfair |
| A．adopt | B．allow | C．avoid | D．address |
| A．satisfy | B．spare | C．surround | D．settle |
