Jellyfish are badly named. They are neither a fish nor made of jelly. Instead, their bodies are made up of 95%water and 5%solid matter. They have been in existence for at least half a billion years. Hence, they are older than dinosaurs. Surprisingly, they don’t have a brain, a heart, or lungs. You may wonder how they can possibly survive without these vital organs, but everything is for the heat. they don’t have lungs because their skin is so thin that they can absorb oxygen through it. They don’t need a heart to pump blood because they don’t have any. And they have a nerve net which is sensitive to touch below their outer skin. They respond to the changes in their environment using signals from the nerve net, so they don’t need a brain to process complex thoughts.

Their variety is nearly endless. Most of them are umbrella-shaped and have tentacles (触角). Some jellyfish have very long tentacles. However, they never sting(刺) themselves. That’s because the tentacles are very slippery and will only sting other animals. Most jellyfish have little or no vision, but they can detect light and ocean currents, which helps them to navigate and move. A few species can also recognize color and have a 360-degree view of their environment.

Jellyfish come in all sizes, from 0.5 millimoters to the giant Nomura’s jellyfish, which can measure up to two meters in diameter and weigh over 200 kilograms. While jellyfish are beautiful, they can also be dangerous. Some jellyfish toxins (毒素) can be deadly to humans, such as those from the box jellyfish and the Australian Irukandji, but deaths are relatively rare given the number of jellyfish-sting victims every year. In any case, it’s better to stay out of the way of any jellyfish you may see! You can go swimming with dolphins, but you definitely want to think twice before swimming with jellyfish.

This summer we witnessed interview teams at the North Pole wearing short sleeve shirts due to the warm weather. A study published on Aug 29 revealed more concerning issues in the supposedly coldest area of the world. Zombie ice from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be melting, which would eventually raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).

Zombie ice is the kind of ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by larger glaciers. Since glaciers are getting less snow to make up for the amount of ice melted, once the zombie ice is melted, it cannot be re-formed.

Scientists decided to look at the balance of the ice. In perfect equilibrium (平衡),snow in the mountains of Greenland flows down and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges, according to AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and more melting, creating an imbalance.

Study co-author William Colgan at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland told AP that 3. 3 percent of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt eventually. “Starving would be a good phrase” for what’s happening to the ice, Colgan added.

With a great number of natural resources buried under the earth, areas of melted ice revealed treasures that attracted the world’s richest men. According to CNN, in early August, there was a “treasure hunt” in Greenland. Billionaires, including Bill Gates and others, financially backed KoBold Metals, a US-based mineral exploration company, to explore the rare metals under the glaciers in Greenland. The company told CNN that since there were enough minerals to power hundreds of millions of electric vehicles, the critical resource is capable of powering the green energy transition (过渡).

While investors are taking advantage of global warming, experts express their concerns that the mineral exploration is likely to worsen the local environment, running out of the world’s resources at a faster rate.

When faced with the decision to get out of bed or have a few more minutes of sleep, which do you choose?     16    

A sleep researcher Till Roen, who has recently conducted a study.     17     And while there are no official numbers on snoozing (打盹), a quick survey of social media makes it clear that hitting the snooze button is popular.

As to how the snooze button will affect your day, scientists have mixed opinions. Some scientists think people who hit the snooze button in the mornings are actually clever, creative and happy.     18     “I feel that hitting the snooze button has got to be one of the worst things that ever happened to human sleep,” researcher Jonathan Horowitz said. “The chances of you ‘snoozing’ and actually experiencing a meaningful rest are close to zero.”

According to some sleep experts, you simply hit the snooze button.     19     And that will throw yourself into a deep state of being sleepy. The body needs some time to wake up. Therefore, when returning to what will be a light sleep for a brief period of time, you are putting your body back into a sleep mode before waking it again. At that point your body won’t know what it wants, resulting in a sort of half awaken state.

    20     The key is to form a healthy sleep cycle. Focus your efforts on getting enough sleep each night and waking up at the same time each day so that when your alarm goes off you feel rested.

Kenny Eating House is always crowded in the late afternoons right up to midnight. You will see many people   ____ around the tables. They will be on the watch for a table most likely to be ______ Once there is the slightest ______ that the customers are leaving their table, you will see a few people ______ it. The winner will stand at the table proudly and ______ his relatives or friends over, while the losers will be down in the mouth.

But having found a place to sit is not the ______ of the wait. You next have to get the attention of the busy waiters rushing about to ______ the customers. You will usually hear the words hot water being shouted out as they pass, ______ they are not holding any such thing! This is in fact their   ______ way of clearing the way. In between trying to catch the attention of the waiters and looking through the menu, you will hear ______ complaining about the slow service.

Once the waiter comes to ______ your orders, he is impatient. Sometimes, these waiters would just walk away from   ______ customers and the latter would have to work hard at getting some attention again. ______， the waiters shout the orders out to the cooks located deep in the kitchen. And such behavior adds to the busy   ______ of the place.

Whenever the crowd gets too thick. the tables will be ______ by two different groups of people. People clank (发出叮当声) plates and talk loudly, thus making the loudness incredibly ______.By the midnight the crowd begin to ______ and the noise dies down. The ______ waiters can finally sit down for a chat or have their cigarettes. The activity at the eating place ______ , ready to recover before the next day of ______ arrives.