1 . 根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。每空一词, 含缩略词。

Much of what we know and believe has been taught to us by others. We often accept information without spending much time     1     it over ourselves.

Nowadays, we are presented with lots of     2     ideas and beliefs (信念), but many of them are often contradictory (自相矛盾的). Psychologists (心理学家) tell us that if we hear about a specific belief enough times, or if it comes from someone we respect, we will probably decide that the belief is true. In these cases, we base our opinions on the opinions of     3    . If we don’t come to our own conclusions, we become nothing more than parrots.

Some people believe whatever they read and then share the story     4     the internet without thinking about the facts. All it takes is one quick click of the “share” button and the story travels on its     5     to influence more unthinking readers. This can cause serious problems.

If we think more about     6     we see and try to form our own opinions, we will be more thoughtful, independent and creative. But     7     of us take the time to do this. Becoming aware of this fact is the first step toward changing our behavior. Hopefully, we can learn to judge what we read     8     hear on our own and make more reasonable decisions.

3 . 根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。

Li Xiang, a junior 2 student, wishes he never got a mobile phone. Last week, he went to     1     a doctor because there was something wrong with his arms and fingers. The doctor told him that he had “mobile phone disease (疾病)”. Now, more and more teenagers are getting “mobile phone disease”     2     of using mobile phones.

Li Xiang got his mobile phone six months     3    . He sent messages to his friends with it all the time, even when going to bed. Li Xiang started to do badly     4     exams because he     5     too much time playing mobile phone games. His mom felt very     6     about him, but he didn’t stop playing with the mobile phone     7     his arms got hurt.

Yang Ling, a doctor, says that if someone plays his mobile phone too     8    , like Li Xiang, he will get “mobile phone disease”. If teenagers find their arms or fingers hurt (疼痛), they should go to see a doctor as soon as possible. Yang says teenagers should try to use their mobile phones less, especially at school.

4 . 请阅读下列材料，并根据文章内容回答问题。

Smartphones have become an important part of our daily lives. However, to protect younger students’ eyesight and make sure they focus on their studies, primary and middle schools will have more specific rules to limit students’ mobile phone use on campus.

The Ministry of Education released a notice in January that basically speaking, primary and middle school students can’t carry mobile phones to school and those who still require their phone for some reason must get their parents’ and teachers’ agreement and must hand their phones over during class time. The purpose of the notice is to improve students’ focus on study and fight addiction (沉迷) to the Internet and games.

According to a 2020 report by the China Internet Network Information Center, China had 150 million Internet users under the age of 18 in 2019, with 80 percent having their own mobile phones. This is worrying, as long-time use of smartphones harms children’s eyesight, cervical vertebrae (颈椎) and even the brain.

Many schools have taken actions to limit students’ phone use on campus. Some teachers ask their students to put their phones into a box to store them during class. And some students also agree with the new policy. They think there are more advantages than disadvantages. But some parents think it is unwise to take a “one size fits all” approach. We can’t simply cut students off from the Internet in the digital era. So it’s more important to cultivate (培养) kids’ ability to self-manage and develop good habits of phone usage.

1. Is long-term use of smartphones harmful to children’s brain?
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2. How many Internet users under the age of 18 in 2019 have their own mobile phones according to a 2020 report by the China Internet Network Information Center?
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3. What’s the disadvantage of using the mobile phones for the primary and middle school students according to the passage?
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4. Do you agree with the notice that primary and middle school students can’t carry mobile phones to school? Why or why not? (List another 2 reasons besides those from the passage)
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6 . In February, the Ministry of Education suggested that mobile phones should be banned(禁止) in primary and secondary schools. Almost all parents clap their hands     1     it's good both for students’ eyesight and for their schoolwork. But how would students feel schools banned phones in class?

Xu Xiaohe,a 13-year-old from Zhejiang. supports the policy. “In fact, my school has     2     allowed us to bring our mobile phones,” Xu said, “My teachers always believe that playing with phones is a     3     of time, compared with reading and doing sports. Adults can’t control themselves, let alone kids.”

Li Zihan from Bejjing, however, thinks that the ban is too simplistic for a generation that has grown up with mobile phones. “Students should be     4     self-management skills, as well as learn how to use their phones effectively to help with their school life.”

For Ge Ziqi, the problem with banning phones has more to do with life     5     school. The 13-year-old Beijinger uses a bike- sharing app every day to travel between her home and school. “Today, no     6     ways are more convenient than paying by phone, from taking a bus to buying food,” she said, “If I can’t take my phone with me, I’ll have to buy a bicycle of my     7    .”

To solve the problem like Ge’s, some ideas teachers have come up with     8     really well. At Shanghai Shatian School, for example, students are asked to put their phones in special lockers(储物柜).The students call these lockers the “phone farm”(“养机场”) or phone Tarmac”(“停机坪”).