1 . Here are remarkable scientists who improved our understanding of almost everything around us. Click to learn more about the scientists who, through their contributions and discoveries, changed the world as we know it.
Galileo (1564—1642) Creating one of the first modern telescopes, Galileo completely changed our understanding of the world, successfully proving the Earth circles around the Sun and not the other way around. His work Two New Sciences laid the groundwork for the science of Kinetics and strength of materials.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642—1726) Newton was a polymath who made investigations into a whole range of subjects including mathematics, physics, and astronomy. In his Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, he laid the foundations for classical mechanics, explaining the law of gravity and the laws of motion.
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Darwin developed his theory of evolution against a background of disbelief and skepticism. He collected evidence over 20 years and published his conclusions in On the Origin of Species (1859).
Marie Curie (1867-1934) A Polish physicist and chemist, Curie discovered radiation and helped to apply it in the field of X-ray. She won the Nobel Prize in both Chemistry and Physics.
Albert Einstein (1879—1955) Revolutionized modern physics with his general theory of relativity. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1921) for his discovery of the Photoelectric Effect, which formed the basis of Quantum Theory.
1. Who is the author of Principia Mathematica?| A．Galileo | B．Sir Isaac Newton | C．Charles Darwin | D．Albert Einstein |
| A．They were the greatest chemists. |
| B．They were the Nobel Prize winners. |
| C．They had a deep study of physics and astronomy. |
| D．They laid the foundation for the development of classical medicine. |
| A．In a history book. | B．In a novel. | C．In an art magazine. | D．On a science website. |
2 . In February, Dr. Robert Lefkowitz published a memoir (回忆录) called A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist. As a physician and biochemist, Lefkowitz is a professor of biochemistry and chemistry at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina.
In a recent conversation via video, Lefkowitz said that he wanted his memoir to be “funny, interesting, and easy to understand”. In the book, Lefkowitz humorously describes his Journey from a cardiologist (or a heart doctor) to a biochemist.
Lefkowitz’s dream of becoming a doctor began when he was eight years old and growing up in the Bronx of New York City. After his father died of a heart attack, Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist. He earned his medical degree at Columbia University.
Lefkowitz is no stranger to conducting experiments and making discoveries. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka. The two scientists were honored for their discoveries that could help unlock the secrets of many diseases.
When asked what played the most important role in his success, Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as “reasonably intelligent and creative, hardworking, and not easily disturbed”. He added that being funny could also be very good for you and the people around you.
Before winning the Nobel Prize, Lefkowitz did countless experiments, and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK. “With difficult decisions I’ve had to make, I tend to make them with my heart rather than my head.” Lefkowitz said. “However, I don’t mean that deciding with your heart is always right.”
At age 78, the scientist has no plans for slowing down. “My body and mind are still working,” he said. “I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.”
1. What directly motivated Lefkowitz to be a doctor?| A．His conversation with a cardiologist. | B．His father’s death from a heart attack. |
| C．His enthusiasm for a doctor’s memoir. | D．His poor physical health in childhood. |
| A．His good teamwork. | B．His family’s support. |
| C．His positive qualities. | D．His interest in research. |
| A．He suffered from a lot of failure. | B．He always succeeded as planned. |
| C．He considered them less challenging. | D．He couldn’t do them on his own. |
| A．Practice makes perfect. | B．Bad luck brings good luck. |
| C．You are never too old to work. | D．Experience is the best teacher. |
1.世界上最著名的科学家之一；
2.生卒年月（1942年1月8日至2018年3月14日）以及籍贯：英国；
3.幼年时就对科学表现出极大兴趣；
4.不仅提出了自己的理论，而且其理论著作也很成功；
5.21岁时不幸患病，只能坐在轮椅上，然而其思想是一笔宝贵的财富。
我们学校校报拟每期介绍一位中外名人，以下是伟大的科学家霍金的信息，根据所给内容写一篇英语短文。
注意：1.词数在100左右；2.可以适当增加相关内容。
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Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, China,
Sarek National Park is in the remote far north of Sweden. In summer the sun
5 . Thomas Edison was one of ten said to be the greatest geniuses of his age. There are only a few men in all of the history, who have changed the lives of other men as much as the inventor of the first useful electric light. But Edison could never be happy only because someone said he was a genius. "There is no such thing as genius," Edison said. He said that what people called genius was mostly hard work.
But Edison was a dreamer as well as a worker. From his earliest days as a child he wondered about the secrets of nature. Nature, he often said, is full of secrets. He tried to understand them; then, he tried to learn what could usefully be done with them.
Edison enjoyed thinking. He knew that most people will do almost anything instead of the difficult work of thinking, especially if they do not think very often. But he knew, too, that thinking can give men enjoyment and pleasure.
Edison could not understand how anyone could be uninterested in life. As he loved to think, he also loved to work. On the day he became 75 years old, someone asked him what ideas he had about life. "Work." he answered. "Discovering the secrets of nature and using them to make men happier." He said he had enough inventions in his mind to give him another 100 years of work.
1. Edison thought ________.| A．he could be happy if he was a genius |
| B．genius plays the most important part in one's success |
| C．hard work could do better than genius |
| D．genius could do better than hard work |
| A．very interested in nature |
| B．interested in discovering the secrets of nature |
| C．interested in changing people's ideas |
| D．uninterested in making people happier by discovering the secrets of nature |
| A．thinking can supply people with enjoyment and pleasure |
| B．people's success lies mostly in genius |
| C．hard work is the second most important thing in making people successful |
| D．there are few secrets for him to discover later |
| A．life is too short for Edison to invent more for human beings |
| B．Edison made 100 inventions in his life |
| C．Edison was able to live and work for 100 years |
| D．people of his time were ready to give Edison another 100 years' work |
According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort.
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone
The theme park you are
| 姓名： 屠呦呦 出生日期：1930年12月30日 出生地:中国浙江宁波 兴趣爱好：喜欢阅读、科学研究 性格特征：有耐心、坚持不懈 教育经历：1955年毕业于北京大学医学院 主要评价：20世纪最伟大的人物之一 成就： 2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。 |
China successfully exploded its first atomic bomb on Oct. 16, 1964,
" It was the bombs and the satellite
Many people made
Yu was one of the leading scientists who were able to overcome difficulties in the design of the hydrogen bomb.
However, Yu said the achievement belonged to the whole team.
"A man's name will disappear in time, but
9 . Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Honor Society is honored to announce that Shirley M. Malcom is the 2021 receiver of the Gold Key Award. As the Society’s highest honor, the Gold Key Award is presented to a member who has made extraordinary contributions to their profession and has encouraged critical innovations to enhance the health of the scientific research, and to promote the public understanding of science for the purpose of improving the human condition.
“Dr. Malcom has pioneered and championed much of the thinking about diversity and inclusivity in science that is finally being adopted today. We are delighted to present her with the Sigma Xi Gold Key Award,” announced Jamie Vernon, executive director and CEO of Sigma Xi. “It is hard to overstate Dr. Malcom’s contributions to the sciences and science education. She is a model of the values that Sigma Xi stands for,” said Sigma Xi President Robert Pennock.
Trained as a zoologist and ecologist, Malcom has played many roles in her distinguished career, including high school science teacher, university tutor, and National Science Foundation program officer. In her current role as the senior advisor and director of SEA Change at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), she heads initiatives that focus on advancing institutional transformation in support of diversity, fairness, and inclusiveness.
Malcom has been a pioneer and role model for African American women in science. Throughout her career, she has advocated for the advancement of science education for minority students at every level, from K-12 through college, graduate school, and beyond.
The symbolism of the Gold Key Award pays respect to the early days of Sigma Xi (late 1800s to early 1900s), when acceptance into the Scientific Research Honor Society was often accompanied by the presentation of a small gold key. The key represented pride in the science or engineering accomplishments of the holder. Previous receivers of the award include Walter E.Massey, Gordon E. Moore, and Norman R. Augustine.
1. Why was Dr. Malcom awarded the Sigma Xi Gold Key Award?| A．Because she was a zoologist and ecologist. |
| B．Because she worked as a high school science teacher. |
| C．Because she promoted public understanding of variety and inclusiveness in science. |
| D．Because she set up the Education and Human Resources Programmes. |
| A．Innovative and pioneering. | B．Brave and determined. |
| C．Considerate and optimistic. | D．Cautious and friendly. |
| A．Dr. Malcom has made contributions to starting institutional transformation. |
| B．Dr. Malcom has advocated for the advancement of science education for all students. |
| C．The Gold Key Award is a symbol of pride and honor in science. |
| D．There are three receivers of the Gold Key Award in total. |
| A．In a book review. | B．In a guidebook. | C．In a biography. | D．In a news report. |
1. 简介该科学家；
2. 喜欢的原因；
3. 对你的影响。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
