2 . Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their_______have been remarkable, their names and their stories have_______received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to_______the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she_______a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.

Wade told CBS News that while the_______of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had_______in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade_______an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University.

“So when I met her I thought she is a(n)_______person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t_______any information about her. What I________was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”

That’s how Wade got the________—to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.

In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to________information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far.

Wade is now making a__________for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to________in making science a more diverse and________place,” she said.

4 . Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not ______ on obvious facts, and therefore ______ to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas ______ and makes experiments to prove them.

The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to ______ as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford. He was probably the first person in the Middle Ages to ______ that we should learn science by observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself ______ many important truths.

However, Galileo, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important ______ could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more ______ towards the earth than small ones, because Aristotle said so. But Galileo went to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped two ______ stones, proving Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s ______ of going directly to nature, and proving our ______ and theories by experiment, that has ______ all the discoveries of modern science.

What ______ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we can see ______ that successful scientists are those whose observations have ______ better results.

6 . As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.

Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years _________ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a _________ at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.

The research into new varieties requires strict standards and _________ experiments. “The first _________ is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of _________ and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we _________ a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) _________ for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.

“Generally speaking, a good new _________ should produce high yields, have stable production, and _________ good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ __________ , it also should be accepted by the market.”Zhang added that the team __________ 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with __________ experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.

“Agricultural research work is __________ and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not __________ . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find __________ on the land,” she said.

7 . The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, _______ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.

Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular _______ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a _______ explosive. After years of _______, in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.

During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He _______ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.

When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper _______ published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was _______ to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly _______ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became _______ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”

To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) ________. He spent his lifetime alone ________ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to ________ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ________, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ________ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel ________ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.

8 . The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came a great shock to the whole world. To his family, he was “a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy (遗赠) will _____ for many years”.

His parents, both Oxford graduates, placed a high _____ on education and family members were often seen reading books at dinner. _____ known at school as “Einstein”, Hawking was not _____ successful academically. With time, he began to show talents for scientific subjects and decided to read _____ at university. As mathematics was not _____ at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead.

Diagnosed with a rare motor neurone disease, Hawking eventually _____ a wheelchair. Though shocked and bitter, Hawking continued his work in physics _____. After the loss of his _____, he communicated through a speech­-generating device, which ______ him to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant.

Hawking once ______ how he felt when first informed of his disease, ______ that he would never realize his potential. “But now, 50 years later, I can’t be more ______my life, ” he said.

Hawking also gained popularity ______ the academic world and appeared in several TV shows. He was featured in the film The Theory of Everything, which ______ his rise to fame and relationship with his first wife, Jane.

9 . Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in this century. The disabled writer of A Brief History of Time visited China for three times. His first ________ was in 1985. On his second journey to China, the great theoretical scientist was invited to ________ a mathematics research institute at Zhejiang University. On that Sunday evening, be made his appearance at a press conference ________ at Shangri-La Hotel, Hangzhou. Hawking ________ at about 5:00 pm with his wife. The elderly man answered a total of nine ________ with the help of his computer. “I find the real universe much more ________ than the one in the film Star Wars,” Hawking joked. “I ________ young people to study theoretical physics first if they are interested in it.” But the talented man suffers from ________ motor neuron disease (运动神经元病). The disease ________ over 100,000 people every year. “I like life and I love life. My family, and music give me the ________ happiness,” smiled Hawking, who could ________ move two fingers.

In the speech. Hawking said he ________ to write a new edition of A Brief History of Time for young children. “A Brief History of Time is my first book for ________ people. But I Later found that I could write it in a ________ way.” he answered. “So I decided to rewrite it so that all people can read it easily.” Unfortunately, he ________ us forever on March 14, 2018.