1 . 假定你是李华，你们班将举办一场英语演讲比赛，演讲内容是关于中国对其他国家的援助。内容包括：
1. 援助的内容；
2. 援助的意义；
3. 你的看法。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Hello, everyone!

My name is Li Hua.

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Thank you!

2 . 语法填空

The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by     1     these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales     2    (join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland     3    　(break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the     4    (shorten) name: the UK. The four countries    5    belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.

There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles     6    (build) all around England and made changes     7     the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much     8    (enjoy). The capital city London is     9     ancient port city that has a history     10    (date) back to Roman times.

3 . New Zealand

What can you see? Mountains, volcanoes, rivers, lakes, waterfalls, forests, beaches. Both islands are mountainous. In fact, only 30% of New Zealand is flat.	The Maoris When the Maoris first arrived in New Zealand, they lived in villages and were excellent fishermen, hunters and farmers. About 50 years ago, many Maoris started to live and work in the large cities and took jobs in the government, industries, medicine and education. They are proud of their culture and decide to keep many of the customs which are part of their way of life.
Who can you meet? Most people live on North Island. Eighty-five percent of New Zealanders are “pakeha” (“white men”), which means their “great grandfathers” came from Europe. Ten percent are Maoris. The Maoris came to New Zealand from the Polynesian islands probably around the tenth century. The “pakeha” started to arrive in New Zealand from Europe about 200 years ago as farmers and traders.	Fact box: New Zealand. Position: South of the equator(赤道). Nearest neighbour: Australia, 1,600 km away. Size: Two main islands —North Island and South Island: together they are 268.680 square kilometers. Population: 4 million. Capital: Wellington. Languages: English and Maori.

1. Which of the following is a fact about New Zealand?

A．Four million white people.	B．20% of the population being Maoris.
C．About 1, 600 km south of the equator.	D．Nearly 1/3 of the country being plains.

2. The population of New Zealand is mainly made up of ________.

A．the white people and the Polynesians	B．the white people and the “pakeha”
C．the Maoris and the white people	D．the Maoris and the Polynesians

3. What do the Maoris value most in life?

A．Living in small villages.	B．Developing farming skills.
C．Keeping their own culture.	D．Taking up government jobs.

4 . 【课本原文】

CHEMICAL VERSUS ORGANIC FARMING

Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long­term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.

For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.

As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.

Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.

Some people would prefer to stop the use of man­made chemicals in agriculture entirely. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.

1. Why did many farmers welcome the introduction of chemical farming?

A．They can fight crop disease and increase production.

B．They harm both the land and people’s health.

C．They can help produce rich soil.

D．They are not expensive.

2. What concerns many people about the use of pesticides?

A．Pesticides can damage the land.

B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time.

C．Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects.

D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer.

3. Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every few years?

A．It helps put important minerals back into the ground.

B．It can avoid damage to the environment.

C．It can help increase output.

D．The writer didn’t tell us.

4. Why can’t we stop the use of man­made chemicals in agriculture entirely?

A．Organic farming cost us a lot of money.

B．Organic farming can meet people’s need.

C．Chemical farming brought us huge profit.

D．Chemical farming helps serve the need for food.

5 . 语法填空

What is the difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, and England, if    1    ? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

From the 16th century to the 19th century, with more countries joining, the Kingdom of England gradually becomes the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, including England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland,     2    (know)as UK.

The four countries    3    (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, currency and military defence.     4    , they also have some differences, such as education systems, and legal systems.

The UK has a long and interesting history to explore,    5    can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. From the first century to the 11th century, the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons, the Vikings and the Normans    6    (conquer) and ruled there, resulting in the    7    (develop) of the English language.

There is    8    (certain) so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the UK. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more    9    (enjoy). The capital city London is a great place to start with a history which    10    (date)all the way back to Roman times.

6 . 语法填空

The United Kingdom or the UK     1     (make) up of four countries. They are England,Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It has     2    interesting and long history. Wherever you go in the country, you will be surrounded by     3    (evident) of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The Romans,     4     great achievements included building towns and roads, came in the first century. Then in the     5     (five) century arrived Anglo-Saxons who introduced the English language and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century. They     6     (leave) behind lots of new vocabulary and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group, the Normans, conquered England in the 11th century. They had castles     7     (build) all around there. The Normans were in fact French, so many French words     8     (slow) entered into the English language.

The UK is a     9     (fascinate) mix of history and modern culture. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past    10    its present.

7 .     1     The increase in the exchange of knowledge, trade and capital around the world, driven by technological innovation, brought the term into the spotlight.

Some see globalization as a good thing. The United Nations has even predicted that its forces may have the power to eliminate poverty in the 21st century. Others disagree. They may have a point. The International Monetary Fund admitted in 2007 that inequality levels might have risen as a result of foreign capital (资本) investment in developing countries.

However, economic historians suggest that the question of whether the benefits of globalization outweigh the disadvantages is more complicated.     2     But why does it matter whether globalization started 30,300, or even 3,000 years ago? Because it is impossible to say how much of a “good thing” a process is in history without first defining for how long it has been going on.

Although Adam Smith, known as the Father of Economics, never used the word, globalization is a key theme in The Wealth of Nations (《国富论》) , his most important work that remains a classic in economics today. His description of economic development has as its basic principle the integration (融合) of markets over time. As the division of labor enables output to expand, the search for specialization expands trade.    3    

The trend is nearly as old as civilization. Primitive (原始的) divisions of labor, between hunters and shepherds, grew as villages and trading networks expanded to include wider specializations. Eventually, armorers (军械工) to craft bows and arrows, carpenters to build houses, and seamstress to make clothing, all appeared as specialist artisans. They traded their wares for food produced by the hunters and shepherds.     4    

This process that Smith described sounds a lot like “globalization” even if it was more limited in geographical area than what most people believe the term suggests today.

Globalization has not always been a one-way process. Evidence shows that (here was also “deglobalization” in history, like during the interwar (两次世界大战之间的) period in the 20th century.

    5     It has a history that stretches back for thousands of years, starting with Smith’s primitive hunter-gatherers trading with the next village, and developing into the globally interconnected societies we know today. Whether you consider globalization to be a “good thing,” it appears to be an essential element of the economic history of mankind.

A．This gradually brings communities from different parts of the world together.

B．However, it is clear that globalization is not simply a process that started in the last three decades.

C．For them, the answer depends on when you believe the process of globalization was effectively started.

D．Globalization has enriched the world scientifically and culturally, and has benefitted many people economically as well.

E．Some modern economic historians dispute the argument that the discovery of the Americas accelerated the process of globalization.

F．As villages, towns, countries and continents started trading goods that they were efficient at making for ones they were not. Markets became more integrated.

G．“Globalization” has been a buzzword of the last three decades.