2 . 应用文写作运用：人物介绍——著名摄影师Bill Cunningham
要求：1. 利用本单元所学知识完成句子；
2. 使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇。
①当我们在街上看到比尔·坎宁安时，我们中的大多数人都认为他没有什么了不起的地方。
②事实上，很多名人仅仅想对他摆姿势，请他拍照。
③比尔·坎宁安之所以伟大，是因为他对摄影的痴迷和奉献，以及他在工作中投入的时间和精力。
④虽然有名，他的生活方式却并不复杂。
⑤他的辛勤工作使他不仅仅是一名时尚摄影师，他还是一名“文化人类学家”。
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3 . In the late 1930s, people could donate blood, but very few hospitals could store it for later use. Whole blood breaks down quickly, and there were no methods at the time for safely preserving it. As a result, hospitals often did not have the appropriate blood type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgeon and researcher, helped solve this monumental problem for medicine, earning him the title “Father of the Blood Bank.”

In 1938, while obtaining his doctorate in medicine, Drew became a fellow at Columbia University’s Presbyterian Hospital in New York. He studied the storage and distribution of blood, including the separation of its components, and applied his findings to an experimental blood bank at the hospital.

As Drew was finishing his degree at Columbia, World War II was erupting in Europe. Great Britain was asking the United States for desperately needed plasma (血浆) to help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected to be the medical director for the Blood for Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hospital’s blood bank as a model, Drew established uniform procedures and standards for collecting blood and processing blood plasma from nine New York hospitals. The five-month campaign collected donations from 15,000 Americans and was considered a success. His discoveries and his leadership saved countless lives.

With the increasing likelihood that the nation would be drawn into war, the United States wanted to capitalize on what Drew had learned from the campaign. He was appointed as the assistant director of a three-month pilot program to mass-produce dried plasma in New York, which became the model for the first Red Cross blood bank. His innovations for this program included mobile blood donation stations, later called bloodmobiles.

1. What problem did hospitals face in the late 1930s regarding blood donations?

A．The shortage of blood donors.	B．The inability to preserve blood.
C．The challenge of blood infection.	D．The failure to identify blood types.

2. How did Drew contribute to the Blood for Britain campaign?

A．He gathered different standards for the blood collection.

B．He worked on the bloodmobiles for easy access to donors.

C．He helped send life-saving drugs overseas to aid in the war.

D．He organized the collection and processing of blood plasma.

3. Which of the following best describes the three-month pilot program?

A．Groundbreaking.

B．Unpredictable.

C．Economical.

D．Controversial.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．The life of Dr. Charles Drew.	B．The inventor of the Blood Bank.
C．A Savior of Lives during Wartime.	D．A Pioneer in Blood Transportation.

5 . Pasteur discovered that bacteria (细菌) cause many diseases.     1    . He proved that diseases could be cured by stopping the spread of bacteria.

How Pasteur helped industry

Louis Pasteur was born in France in 1822. He studied physics and chemistry in Paris. The wine-making industry in France was in trouble during the mid-1800s     2    . Pasteur discovered that germs were getting into the wine and turning it sour. He found that heat killed these germs and prevented the wine from spoiling. Pasteur later applied his discovery to milk. His way of heating foods to kill bacteria is now called pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法).

    3    . In the mid-1800s, a disease was killing off silkworms before they could spin silk threads. Pasteur showed that the disease was in the silkworm eggs and that getting rid of any infected eggs could keep the disease from spreading.

    4    

Pasteur then discovered how to make vaccines (疫苗) to protect people and animals against disease. He observed that animals infected with a disease sometimes became immune to the disease — that is, protected from getting the disease again. Pasteur found that he could weaken germs in his laboratory. When he put weakened germs into the bodies of animals, the animals became immune to the disease caused by the germs. Pasteur made a vaccine to protect sheep against a disease called anthrax.

One of Pasteur’s most important discoveries was a vaccine against rabies (狂犬病). People can get this deadly disease     5    . In 1885, a mother begged Pasteur to treat her young son who had been badly bitten by a dog with rabies. The vaccine worked, and the boy lived.

A．Anthrax and rabies

B．How Pasteur prevented disease

C．Pasteur became a national hero in France for saving the wine and silk industries

D．because much of the wine was spoiling

E．He showed that bacteria get into living things and then multiply

F．Pasteur also helped the French silk industry

G．if they are bitten by an animal infected with rabies

7 .

If you have ever seen a snowflake design on jewelry or a bag, chances are it was based on one of Wilson Bentley’s more than 5,000 photomicrographs of snow crystals (晶体).

At first, though, Bentley did not have any way to share his enjoyment of the delicate hexagons (六边形) other than to draw them. He spent hours outside or inside his unheated storeroom with a microscope. He would pick up a snow crystal and transfer it to a microscope slide. There, he flattened it with a bird feather. Then, holding his breath, he observed the crystal and hurried to draw what he saw before it turned forever into thin air.

A few years later, Bentley began his pursuit to photograph a snow crystal. He attached a microscope to a camera. Time after time, his negatives appeared blank. The following winter, he finally figured out that too much light was reaching the camera. His solution was to place a metal plate with a tiny hole in the center beneath the stage of the microscope. It cut down the stray (杂散的) light and allowed only the light waves carrying the image to reach the camera.

On January 15, 1885, at the age of 19, Bentley finally photographed a snowflake! He spent many hours over the next 45 years in his tiny darkroom developing negatives.

Bentley lived his entire life on his childhood farm. He farmed for a living. To his friends and family, he was kind, gentle, and funny “Willie”. But to scientists, he was the untrained researcher who became a snow crystal pioneer. He wrote for science journals. He not only photographed snow crystals but also became an authority on dew (露水) and frost. He kept a detailed daily log of local weather conditions throughout his life. He developed a method to measure the size of raindrops too.

Bentley never made more than a few thousand dollars from his work. It had been a labor of love, and he was satisfied to be able to share the beauty of his snow crystals with the world. And today, he is remembered as Snowflake Bentley.

1. Why did Bentley draw the snow crystals?

A．To design products.	B．To become an artist.
C．To share his pleasure.	D．To research the weather.

2. To photograph a snow crystal, Bentley _______.

A．improved the microscope	B．changed the negatives
C．turned down the light	D．invented a camera

3. What do we know about Bentley?

A．He lived a successful but boring life.	B．He was laughed at for lack of training.
C．He earned a lot of money from his photos.	D．He was not only an artist but also a scientist.

4. What can we learn from this passage?

A．Practice makes perfect.	B．Intelligence is the key to success.
C．Love and devotion makes a person.	D．Chances are for those who are prepared.

8 . Scientists regularly make vital new discoveries, but few can claim to have invented an entirely new field of science. Chemist Carolyn Bertozzi is one of them. Her discovery of biorthogonal chemistry (生物正交化学) in 2003 created a brand-new discipline of scientific investigation, which has enabled countless advances in medical science and led to a far greater understanding of biology at a molecular (分子的) level. On October 5, Bertozzi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with two other professors. She is also the only woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize in science this year, after an all-male line-up in 2021.

Bertozzi was the middle daughter of an MIT physics professor and a secretary. Few predicted that Bertozzi would be the most famous person in the family. While her academic performance was not bad in high school, she was fond of playing soccer. She end ed up being admitted to Harvard University. Despite her talent in soccer, she found it too time-consuming and quit the sport to devote herself to academics.

But before becoming a rock star scientist, Bertozzi almost became an actual rock star. When she started at Harvard, she was tempted to major in music. That idea was “unpopular” with her parents, and she was timid about defying them. Instead, she chose the premed (医学预科的) track that included classes in math and sciences, and declared herself a biology major at the end of her first year of college.

Her interest in music did not completely fall by the wayside, however. Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals for a hair metal band. Bertozzi, however, did not play with the band for long. Once the band’s practices and performances conflicted with her labs and classes, there was only one outcome.

Plus, she’d soon have organic chemistry to think about a course which is infamous for weeding out pre-meds. Without any clear career ambitions up to that point, Bertozzi had been thinking about possibly becoming a doctor when, in her sophomore year (大二学年), she suddenly fell so head over heels in love with her chemistry course that she couldn’t tear herself away from her textbooks long enough to go out on Saturday nights. A torture to many was pure pleasure for her. Bertozzi changed her major from biology to chemistry a year later.

Bertozzi has sometimes joked about her having missed out on her chance to follow Morello to LosAngeles. “I didn’t get on that bus, and my playing is now limited to ‘The Wheel's on the Bus Go Round,’ I’m waiting for my sons to get old enough to appreciate 1980s heavy metal!”

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Bertozzi is one of those scientists who made significant new discoveries.

B．Bertozzi was the only female to win a Nobel Prize in science in 2021.

C．Bertozzi played keyboards and sang backup vocals throughout her college years.

D．Bertozzi initially planned to become a doctor.

2. The underlined word in Para. 3 means ________.

A．tell

B．disobey

C．approach

D．threaten

3. The organic chemistry course Bertozzi took was known to be ________.

A．easy and enjoyable

B．difficult to pass for pre-med students

C．popular among hair metal band players

D．a required course for all college students

4. What kind of person do you think Carolyn Bertozzi is?

A．Brave and sympathetic.

B．Athletic and critical.

C．Humble and passionate.

D．Talented and creative.

9 . New academicians take a group photo after the certificate awarding ceremony at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     1     They aimed to make greater contributions to the development of the nation’s scientific research by encouraging the young generation and promoting the role of female scientists.

Academician Huang made three commitments to himself — to contribute his energy to scientific research; to apply his achievements in the fields; and to provide more opportunities for young people. “    2     By allowing outstanding young people to have sufficient opportunities, we can foster a diverse scientific community with vigorous debates,” he said.

Academician Jian Zhimin advised young students that persistence is the most valuable spirit on the path of scientific research. “    3     This determination and perseverance are essential in scientific research,” he said.

Out of the 59 newly elected academicians this year, five of them are female scientists. Academician Jin Kuijuan mentioned that women have unique perspectives, and respecting the role of women is of crucial significance.     4    

    5     For example, she said funding institutions such as the National Natural Science Foundation and the Excellent Young Scholars Fund have relaxed their age restrictions, taking into consideration the time and energy women need for childbirth and childcare.

A．They are more resilient (有适应力的), which contributes to the development of science.

B．In recent years, Jin has noticed the increasing support for female scientists in China.

C．As academicians, we need to share more opportunities with the younger generation.

D．She has both male and female students, who are irreplaceable to each other.

E．The 59 newly elected academicians vowed at the ceremony on Friday.

F．I hope the honor I received can inspire more females to develop an interest in physics.

G．To achieve success in the field of science, the most important thing is to persist with original intention.

10 . “Father of hybrid rice” Yuan Longping passed away at 13: 07 pm in Changsha of Hunan province,     1    .

    2    . The globally renown agronomist (农学家) known for developing the first hybrid rice strains, was born on the ninth day of the seventh month in 1930, according to the lunar calendar.    3    --feeding nearly one-fifth of the world’s population with less than 9 percent of the world’s total land. In 1949, Yuan applied for Southwest Agricultural College and began his special connection with rice--a staple food of the Chinese people that would become the focus of his lifelong research career.

A discovery of a peculiar wild rice species by Yuan in the southern island of Hainan in 1970 became the prelude (序曲) of China’s decades of hybrid rice research. Three years later, he cultivated the world’s first high- yielding hybrid rice train with three lines, namely, the male sterile, maintainer and restorer.

    4    Hybrid rice recorded an annual yield about 20 percent higher than that of conventional rice strains--meaning it could feed an extra 70 million people a year.

    5    In September 2017, a strain of low-cadmium indica (籼稻；籼型) rice developed by Yuan’s team and the Hunan provincial academy of agricultural sciences was able to reduce the average amount of cadmium (镉) in rice by more than 90 percent in areas suffering from heavy metal pollution.

A．Yuan was undergoing treatment at a hospital, Yuan’s son Yuan Ding’an, and Yuan’s secretary Yang Yaosong confirmed.

B．it is said byYuan’s son Yuan Ding’an.

C．He has helped China work a great wonder.

D．Now the focus of Yuan’s hybrid rice project has changed from increasing output to green and sustainable development.

E．Yuan’s hybrid rice project aimed to create the best of it.

F．Hybrid rice has since been grown across the Country and farmers reaped incredible output after switching to Yuan’s hybrid varieties.

G．Xinhua reported on Saturday.