1 . Shen Hao was born in 1964. He was the former first secretary of Party branch of Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province. He died on November 6, 2009. From 2004 to 2009, he had done many good things for the villagers. For the development of Xiaogang Village he had made great contributions (贡献). So he was respected by all the villagers.

During the six years, he repaired the village roads, and built a building for a number of villagers. He rented a house in the village and thought about how to get the villagers to get rich all day. Even in the New Year, he still got together with his villagers. At last, under his leadership, Xiaogang Village was out of poverty. Now the villagers are leading a rich life.

He is a very filial son, but he had almost no time to get together with his over 90-year-old mother. But she never complained. His wife works in the bank and she is very busy. They both have little time to look after their daughter.

Although he did not do what he should do to his mother, wife and daughter, all the villagers will remember their good secretary forever.

Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness caused diarrhea, dehydration, and even     1     (die). John Snow, as a young doctor, became     2     (frustrate) but never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.

    3     general , doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. Snow subscribed to the second theory     4     cholera was caused by     5     infection from germs in food or water. He discovered that     6     severe was the cholera outbreak in two particular streets that more than 500 people died in ten days.

Snow began by marking on a map the exact places     7     all those who died had lived. However, some people working in the pub at Cambridge Street had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that water pump was     8     (blame).

Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.     9     (fortunate), it wasn’t long     10     people knew how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.

4 . Who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She provided shelters, education opportunities and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson was born in the rural river town of Springdale, Pennsylvania in America. The popular book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson in 1962 made people realize the dangers and the harmful effects of pollution on humans and on the worlds’ lakes and oceans.

In 2005, Germans chose Angela Merkel as their first woman head of the country. She had been a scientist in the past. As Germany’s leader, she has had an effect on the whole world.

In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Britain’s first woman Prime Minister. She served until 1990, which made her the first British leader to serve three terms in a row. Because of her high standards and strong will, people called her Britain’s Iron Lady.

Polish-born scientist Marie Curie discovered that some types of metal give off energy called radiation. Her research led to new medical treatments and arms. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and in Chemistry in 1911.

When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground, time seemed to     1     still. The player who became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his     2       moves and jumps. Jordan’s skills were     3    , but the mental     4     that he showed made him     5    .

9 . William Thomson

William Thomson was born on 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a professor of mathematics. In 1832, the family moved to Glasgow where Thomson attended university at the age of 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became professor of natural philosophy in Glasgow, a post he _____for more than 50 years.

In Glasgow, Thomson _____the first physics laboratory in Britain. He was a pioneer in many different _____, particularly electromagnetism (电磁学) and thermodynamics (热力学). _____Faraday(法拉第), he was responsible for the introduction of the _____of an electromagnetic field where Thomson developed the work of the _____of the subject, Nicolas Carnot and James Joule. One of the most _____results of his work was his idea of an absolute zero of temperature — the scale based on this is named _____him.

Throughout his work Thomson’s main goal was the practical use of science. He achieved _____through his work on submarine telegraphy, a major practical problem of the day. He was _____as a scientific adviser in the laying of the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,for which he was knighted in 1866. His _____in marine issues also inspired him to develop a mariners’ compass and _____a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his house in Glasgow was the first to be _____by electric light.

Thomson was raised to the noblemen with the _____of Baron Kelvin of Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flowed near Glasgow University and he was president of the royal Society from 1890 to 1895. He died on 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Scotland and was _____in Westminster Abbey.

10 . For people born into the Russian aristocracy (贵族) in the nineteenth century, life was full of interesting opportunities — unless they were female. At the time, women generally did not have careers, for they were expected, instead, to focus fully on marrying and raising families. Sophia Behrs was one such young woman. When Sophia married Leo Tolstoy (列夫•托尔斯泰), he was already a well-known author. Both the couple were literary in their interests. Sophia had been a gifted student and, even at a very young age, was a keen and sensitive reader.

Sophia’s marriage to Tolstoy gave her the opportunity to put her abilities as a good reader to use, often advising him on his work throughout the writing process. She served as her husband’s copyist, writing out multiple copies of his novels by hand. She made suggestions for and edits to his work, many of which were incorporated into the final product. In addition, she served as his manager, publicist, and agent, keeping track of the financial and legal sides of her husband’s writing career. If Sophia were alive today, she might have found her calling at a publishing house or literary-agency.

She wrote her own Russian-language grammar textbook and translated texts from German and English. She also wrote fiction, including a revision of Le’s novella The Kreutzer Sonata. In that story, a man recounts the dramatic breakdown of his marriage; Sophia retold the narrative from his wife’s point of view. The famous writer was impressed by his wife’s literary talents. “What force of truth and simplicity!” he wrote in his diary upon reading one of her stories.

However, Sophia never sought publication for her own work. Writing was not a fantasy that she look seriously; rather, she regarded it with “a certain contempt (轻蔑) and irony.” Limited by personal modesty, her domestic duties, and the expectations for women in her lifetime, Sophia never even considered seeking fame of her own. Yet Tolstoy would never have been able to produce the work he did without Sophia’s vital contributions.