With the increasing popularity of climbing gyms and the addition of climbing to the 2021 Olympic Games in Tokyo, interest is booming. Here are some U.S. rock climbing spots that are welcome to newer climbers.

Horse Pens 40, Steele, Alabama

These natural rock shelters in the Appalachian foothills are renowned for their bouldering, a type of rock climbing without ropes and safety belts. It’s one of the top bouldering spots in the United States, a very unique little ecosystem there. Located about an hour north of Birmingham, it’s particularly popular in the fall when it hosts the final event.

Bishop, California

This area on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada mountains offers a series of climbing options: bouldering; sport climbing, which uses anchors(锚) permanently fixed in the rock; and traditional climbing, which has climbers using removable protection devices.

Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

It’s possible to climb Grand Teton, the towering peak(山峰) which gives its name to the park. A guided trip up the 13,770-foot mountain requires several climbing disciplines, but offers an incredible reward: a view of 14 different mountain ranges in four states.

Smith Rock State Park, Oregon

Located about 25 miles north of Bend, this spot became popular in the 1980s and is considered the birthplace of American sport climbing, Santella says. The world’s top climbers come to try the difficult routes here. It also has a large climbing community with instructors and guides.

1. Which state would you go if you want to experience more kinds of climbing?

A．Alabama.

B．California.

C．Wyoming.

D．Oregon.

2. Where can you enjoy the sight of mountain ranges in several states?

A．Horse Pens 40.

B．Bishop.

C．Grand Teton National Park.

D．Smith Rock State Park.

3. What do Grand Teton National Park and Smith Rock State Park have in common?

A．They both have guides.

B．They got famous in the 1980s.

C．Their names come from the peaks.

D．They have set strict climbing rules.

Russell Jones was left unable to walk without limping(瘸着走) after breaking his ankle in an accident last year. One day, while out on a walk with his dog Billy, Russell noticed that the animal was limping as well. On another occasion, as he was limping around the house, his wife Michelle noticed that Billy was sort of copying him, so they called a vet to have the dog checked out.

“Because of social distancing, he walked in to the vets normally. I paid around £300 for X-rays and checkups there. But when he came out they said they couldn’t find anything wrong with him. Then again he started limping, so Michelle filmed it,” Jones told ITV’s This Morning.

The London-based couple became even more suspicious after seeing the eight-year-old Billy running very fast around the garden when Russell wasn’t around. A video of Russell and Billy both limping during a walk has spread quickly on social media, with many viewers expressing their amazement at the dog’s acting skills.

“He’s copying you. That’s brilliant! He is only limping out of sympathy for him,” one person commented. “He’s come out in sympathy with you! Quick recovery to both of you,” someone else wrote.

Some have expressed doubt that Billy was just imitating(模仿) his human master, and claimed that there might have been something wrong with his foot that the X-ray didn’t catch. Most followers, however, posted the ideas close to the above two, viewing it as a way a dog expresses affection. A 2011 study found evidence of “automatic imitation” in dogs. Scientists found that dogs will imitate their owners even when it is not in their best interest to do so.

4. Why did the couple take their dog to the vet?

A．It was sick.

B．It was unable to walk.

C．It had its ankle broken.

D．It was limping occasionally.

5. What was the dog like when Russell was not in sight?

A．Back to normal.

B．Still and calm.

C．Excited and upset.

D．Full of energy.

6. What’s the opinion of most people online about the dog’s action?

A．There is automatic imitation in the dog.

B．The dog was showing sympathy.

C．There is something wrong with the dog’s leg.

D．The dog tends to do things in its best interest.

7. In which tone does the author write the story?

A．Favorable.

B．Doubtful.

C．Critical.

D．Fun.

My colleagues and I investigated the presence of the “musical reminiscence bump(音乐记忆突点)” in a group of 470 adults who were between 18 and 82 years old. Our aim was to investigate how a person’s age when a song was popular affected three related but distinct concepts: the degree to which the song was associated with autobiographical memories, how familiar the song was and how much they liked the song.

Participants in our study were shown the titles and artists of 111 pop songs across a 65-year period (1950-2015) and provided ratings of the three concepts of interest.

We discovered that music during one’s adolescence was not only rated as more familiar, but was also associated with more autobiographical memories. This music-related reminiscence bump reached the highest around age 14. In addition, older adults (around age 40+) also liked songs from their adolescence more than other songs. However, younger adults (aged 18-40) did not show this same trend, and in some cases gave even lower liking ratings to music from their adolescence than music released before they were born.

This suggests that songs from our adolescence can become closely related with memories from our past even if we don’t personally value the music. This may be because it has accompanied various memorable settings from this period.

Some songs were preferred regardless of a participant’s age, however. For instance, we saw a general increase in how much people liked songs from the late 1970s to early 1980s, even in participants who weren’t yet born during that time period. This suggests pop music from certain time periods is intergenerationally valued. Examples of songs we used from this time period include Hotel California by the Eagles and Billie Jean by Michael Jackson.

8. Participants in the investigation are___________.

A．expected to comment on the songs.

B．to test the three concepts of songs.

C．ranging in ages from a kid to a senior.

D．provided the titles and singers of the songs.

9. What do we know about the age 14 in Paragraph 3?

A．People listen to songs less after this age.

B．People’s preferences of songs divide at this age.

C．People get most memories from songs of this age.

D．People at this age begin to have autobiographical memories.

10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Some songs keep alive beyond time.

B．Years around 1980 are a golden age for music.

C．The memorable situation of a song decides its popularity.

D．Hotel California and Billie Jean are adored across nations.

11. What is the best title of the passage?

A．Music Changes Our Life.

B．Everyone Is a Follower of Songs.

C．We’re Crazy about Music from Our Youth.

D．Songs Possess the Unique Features of a Time .

Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. And that is a good description of the business of keeping outer space clean and tidy. Yet the part of space nearest Earth, known technically as low-Earth orbit, is getting messy.

Some of the objects up there are working satellites. Some are satellites that have stopped working. Some are stages of the rockets which put those satellites into orbit. And a lot are debris (碎片) left over from explosions and collisions between larger objects.

The risk of such collisions is increasing, for two reasons. First, the number of satellites being launched is rising. Second, collisions themselves generate collisions. The debris they create add to the number of orbiting objects.

Plans are being laid to send up a spaceship to “deorbit”(使脱离轨道) unwanted satellites and rocket stages. Given the current situation, this is a good, if inexpensive, idea. But a better one for the future would be to build deorbiting into the life-cycles of satellites and rocket stages from the beginning.

There are several ways of doing this. One is a “launch tax”. But that would load costs onto the satellite industry with no benefit unless the proceeds were actually spent on orbital clean ups.

A second idea is a space-going “bottle deposit(存款)” scheme. Satellite owners would pay an agreed sum into an escrow account (托管账户) that was redeemable when they deorbited their property.

The best idea, though, is to attack the problem at its roots. The littering of space is an example of the “tragedy of the commons”, in which no charge is made for the use of a resource that is owned collectively. So why not charge for the right to put something into orbit and keep it there? The longer an object stays up, the more the satellite owner pays. The more popular the orbit chosen, the more expensive it would be to add a satellite to it.

12. What does the second paragraph focus on?

A．How satellites work.

B．Why collisions happen.

C．How space mess comes about.

D．Why stages of rockets are left.

13. What is the problem of using a spaceship to clear up space wastes?

A．It costs a lot.

B．It may be in vain.

C．It requires launch tax.

D．The ship has short life-cycles.

14. What can replace the underlined word “redeemable” in Paragraph 6?

A．Affordable.

B．Returned.

C．Flexible.

D．Paid.

15. Why does the author write the passage?

A．To recall the history of space exploration.

B．To introduce the possible ways to tidy up space.

C．To show the new achievements of space exploration.

D．To stress the importance of keeping outer space clean.

Direct Relief is an international nonprofit organization that was founded by William Zimdin.     16     Since then, Direct Relief has worked to help people around the world recover from everything from disease outbreaks to natural disasters.

When people need assistance from nonprofits, they usually need it immediately. Fast response times are absolutely critical to this nonprofit business’s operations.     17     But when disasters struck in the past, the volume of these messages was often more than Direct Relief’s small social media team could handle in a timely manner.

Over the course of the 2017 hurricane season, for example, they received hundreds of messages on Facebook Messenger from people around the globe. Some were wondering how they could really support those in impacted communities.     18     At first, the only solution the Direct Relief team could come up with to handle all the messages was bringing on more people — either temporary staff or training volunteers.

    19     “As we were weighing options,” explains Tony Morain, Direct Relief’s VP of Communications, “we saw how easy it was to create a working chatbot,” he continues, “one that was smart enough to respond to people’s needs and guide them to the resources they requested.” Soon they built a Facebook Messenger chatbot.

Though the team has made improvements and the bot has evolved since then, the Facebook chatbot’s important purpose remains the same.     20    

A．That is “to help people at scale”.

B．But the robot has evolved since then.

C．In 1948 he made his project official.

D．It is because human lives are often on the line.

E．The Direct Relief team continued looking for solutions to the problem.

F．Others needed urgent information on how to receive medical assistance.

G．It now converses in a number of languages and connects inquiries to the right teams.

Once upon a time, there was a girl named Jeb. She studied in 6th standard at Olo Rina School. She was scared of _______. Everyone in her school called her “scaredy cat”, _______ her friend Amy.

Amy never used nicknames like everybody else. _______, she used the term “you’ll overcome your _______ one day”. Jeb felt encouraged that she’ll _______ it when her best friend is by her side.

One day,_______ Jeb was going to school, her enemy Nella Boworge made a _______ in front of her. Nella said “Oh! The scaredy cat of the whole planet!”

Surprisingly instead of feeling scared Jeb felt a wave of _______ in her. Jeb walked past Nella and _______“Oh! The biggest fool of the whole planet!” ________ “loser” into her ears.

Amy was on the other side of the pathway. She ________ how Jeb stood up for herself, with an astonished look on her face. She noticed ________ was pouring out of Nella’s ears as she did not ________ an answer from Jeb. Amy caught up with Jeb and said “You said the________answer. And no person is always fearful forever.” Jeb realized such a cool ________ it was to become a hero from a “scaredy cat”.

21.

A．nobody

B．something

C．everything

D．somebody

22.

A．with

B．except

C．besides

D．including

23.

A．Still

B．Also

C．Instead

D．Therefore

24.

A．fear

B．sufferings

C．headaches

D．error

25.

A．break away

B．take in

C．add to

D．get over

26.

A．when

B．if

C．where

D．unless

27.

A．joke

B．stop

C．turn

D．choice

28.

A．panic

B．excitement

C．braveness

D．hope

29.

A．repeated

B．quoted

C．exposed

D．replied

30.

A．casting

B．sharing

C．returning

D．whispering

31.

A．realized

B．witnessed

C．imagined

D．thought

32.

A．coldness

B．relief

C．smoke

D．pressure

33.

A．design

B．meet

C．expect

D．receive

34.

A．interesting

B．perfect

C．terrible

D．wrong

35.

A．journey

B．method

C．bridge

D．lesson

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

What comes to mind when you think of kung fu?     36     your mind is filled with images of Shaolin monks or Bruce Lee, you wouldn’t be wrong. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary filmmaker, the first thing that springs to mind     37    (be) the concept of non-violence.

“Wushu, the official Chinese name for kung fu,     38    (translate) into ‘martial arts’ in English for a long time. Martial means military,” Brahm told a roomful of people     39    (attend) the premiere (首映式) of his latest work, Searching for Kung Fu.

As Brahm explained, if you break down the character “wu”, it consists of two     40    (character): one is “ge”, meaning dagger-axe; the other is “zhi”, meaning to stop. So, the meaning of martial arts in Chinese is not the “art of fighting”, a concept that many people take for granted.    41    the contrary, he said, kung fu is the art of stopping fighting, the art of non-violence.

In the movie, Brahm takes the audience on a kind of pilgrimage (朝圣), inviting them     42    (accompany) him as he travels to a host of     43    (historical) important locations in search of     44     origins of kung fu.

Beyond that, Brahm studies the principles and values in this Chinese cultural legacy (遗产),     45     dates back thousands of years but keeps its enormous influence and attraction to this day.

46. 假定你是李华，上周六你校举办了“我最喜欢的一本书”演讲比赛活动。请你为校广播站写一篇英文报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 比赛过程；
3. 获奖情况。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。

My Favorite Book” Speech Contest

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47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Young kids, especially boys, love to jump things. As I grew, a mechanical tool was added to my ever growing love of jumping — the bike. We built different ramps (坡道) to build up speed before being launched air for free-flying fun. With all the ramps we created, nothing could have prepared any of us for “The Monster”.

One morning, I headed out to my friend’s home. Just the night before I had the back tire of my bike broken. Luckily, I had a backup in my sister’s smaller, lighter bike “Pinky” because she didn’t ride as much.

On the way, I heard my name yelled out. It was Nick, together with Keith and Josh. “Check it out man,” Nick said as I rolled to a stop at the end of his driveway. He gestured with his head and I cast my look over his shoulder only to find my eyes resting on the largest ramp the little town had ever seen. It was made of cinder (煤渣) blocks that Nick’s dad had stored under a tarp (防水油布) to repair the garage. On it was a sheet of wood providing the ramp part of the jump. What a perfect ramp!

“Has anyone taken the jump?” I asked. Everyone kept silent. “Why build it then?” I asked. “I don’t know,” Nick shrugged. “I’ll do it,” suddenly I said. The words were out and the only way to save face was to make it. “If I do this I will do it right,” I said, pretending to study the Monster.   Keith sensed the nervousness within me. “Be fine, just don’t mess it up.”

I made my way up to a steep hill to get more speed. Holding my nerve, I kicked off and charged forward with all the strength my legs had to offer. My concentration was like a rock, focused on the task at hand. The wind was rushing in my ears as I stared down the Monster and made my final approach.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

It was at this moment that time seemed to slow down.

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I lay on the grass as they stood above me.

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