安徽省六安市裕安区新安中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第三次月考英语试题
安徽
高三
阶段练习
2023-01-18
99次
整体难度：
适中
考查范围：
主题、语篇范围
一、阅读理解 添加题型下试题
When it comes to Albert Einstein (1879-1955), it's easy to imagine an old, crazy-haired genius. But before he ever came up with the theory of relativity, Einstein was a 23-year-old patent clerk, working for the minimum wage. Young Einstein decided to earn some extra cash tutoring physics. He put up an ad, and Maurice Solovine, a student of philosophy, responded. The two did not do much traditional studying, but instead chatted about philosophy. Conrad Habicht, a mathematician and a friend of Einstein, joined their debates. They jokingly called themselves the Olympia Academy.
We’ve gathered together some books the members of the Olympia Academy read and discussed. Maybe the literature that inspired Einstein can inspire you to be clever, too.
A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume
David Hume, a 18th-century Scottish philosopher, was always suspicious. He believed “everything we know is really just a matter of probability”. He argued “reason doesn’t motivate people’’, which led to all sorts of questions, such as “So what’s motivating you to write this?”
“The chief benefit, which results from philosophy, arises in an indirect manner, and more from its secret insensible influence, than from its immediate application,” Hume wrote.
Analysis of Sensations by Ernst Mach
An Austrian philosopher Ernst Mach wrote about how mysterious senses are. In an attempt to figure out how humans experience balance, Mach cleverly built a turning chairs , which used shades of gray bands to show that the colors people saw were deeply affected by the colors around them.
Science and Hypothesis by Henri Poincare
Henri Poincare, a 19th-century French philosopher, was also a theoretical physicist, an engineer and a mathematician. At college, he was fantastic at math. He created his special theory and wrote Science and Hypothesis. Some of his thoughts actually sowed the seeds for Einstein’s theory of relativity, such as the idea that time is relative.
1. What did the members of the Olympia Academy have in common?| A．They lived on high wages. |
| B．They tended to laugh at each other. |
| C．They loved reading and studying. |
| D．They were 18th-century mathematicians. |
| A．Reason motivates people. |
| B．Every human sense is mysterious. |
| C．People should see everything with doubt. |
| D．The chief benefit of philosophy arises directly. |
| A．Conrad Habicht. | B．David Hume. | C．Ernst Mach. | D．Henri Poincare. |
British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work---The Underwater Museum of Cannes.
“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help,” Taylor told Dezeen. “Ocean ecologies have been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”
The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.
Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.
“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection,” Taylor told Dezeen. “If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”
4. What are the underwater museums intended to do?| A．To make huge profits. | B．To raise awareness of protecting the ocean. |
| C．To show Jason Taylor’s talent. | D．To draw attention to endangered sea animals. |
| A．To popularize the features of the locals. |
| B．To remind people to protect themselves. |
| C．To reflect people’s protection of the ocean. |
| D．To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem. |
| A．How the project was started. | B．How the seagrass was restored. |
| C．What recovery effort the project made. | D．Why the surroundings were improved. |
| A．The situation of the ocean is easily ignored. |
| B．The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable. |
| C．Forests play a more important role in ecosystems. |
| D．People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature. |
Have you ever thought about what happens to people’s property when they die? That’s where wills come in. Traditionally, wills were only made by the elderly. Many young people think they don’t need wills if they don’t have kids or houses yet. But in recent years, this perception has started to change.
A white paper released by the China Will Registration Center in March revealed that more people in their 20s and 30s are now writing wills in China, reported China Daily. The Daily Mail also reported that more young people are writing wills thanks to the CoVID-19 pandemic. In the UK, only 18 percent of 18-to 34-уеаr-olds had wills in 2019, compared to 27 percent in 2021. In a recent interview with The Telegraph, Emily James, 22, said the main reason she wrote a will was the pandemic. “In the current climate, you can’t really get away from death - it’s something my generation has never been faced with so distinctly before. The death count is broadcast every day, and most people know someone who has been affected by the virus, which starts to make you think and want to plan for your future.”
Apart from the pandemic, public knowledge of celebrities’ health conditions, like the British royal family, has led to more people writing wills. The highest number of wills written on a single day in 2021 was on Feb 18, following the late Prince Philip’s admission to hospital, according to data from Farewill, one of the UK’s biggest death planning companies.
Farewill’s data also show that the legacies young people leave in their wills are reflections of current society. Music and pop culture collections were among the top things included in wills. The most common pop culture collections mentioned were Disney, Star Wars and Harry Potter memorabilia(纪念品).
The pandemic increased people’s likelihood of including a gift to a charity in their will. Furry friends are also not forgotten. Farewill’s data show nearly one-fifth of the people were making wills to ensure their pets were well looked after, with a total of 37 percent of will writers including plans for their pets.
8. What did the Daily Mail report?| A．More people in the West are writing wills. |
| B．The number of young will writers is increasing. |
| C．The UK saw the most young will writers in 2021. |
| D．People aged 18-34 made the most wills in the UK in 2021. |
| A．She was infected with Covid -19. |
| B．She felt desperate during the pandemic. |
| C．She realized future was unpredictable. |
| D．She was affected by the death of Prince Philip. |
| A．The influence of pop culture on the youth. |
| B．The influence of the pandemic on the youth. |
| C．The importance attached to writing a will by the youth. |
| D．The influence of the current society on the will contents of the youth. |
| A．Pandemic And Wills | B．Pandemic Changes Society |
| C．The Youth And Will Writing | D．Youth Leave Their Legacy in Pandemic |
With low temperatures, radiation and high-energy particles, the vacuum of space is nothing but harsh (严酷的). Can you imagine spending six hour walking in space? Chinese astronauts did just that on their latest spacewalk.
On Aug 20, Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng went out on the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission, according to the China Manned Space Agency. The pair set up and adjusted equipment, showed their spacesuits and tested the large robotic arm and other spacewalk-related devices.
Despite the astronauts’ skill, spacewalking is a challenging task. Luckily, their bulky (臃肿的) spacesuits protect them. A spacesuit is like a small space station. It has everything astronauts need when they carry out a spacewalk.
China’s Feitian spacesuits have six layers. The innermost layer collects astronauts’ urine (尿液). There are also four layers that help control the temperature and air pressure inside the suit. Spacesuits are filled with air, so they look like they’re puffed up (膨胀). The sixth layer is made of special fibers that cover astronauts from radiation, according to The Paper.
Astronauts are connected to the space station with safety ropes. The suit has headphones and speakers for astronauts to communicate. There is also a mirror on the wrist that astronauts can use to check their suits.
The first Feitian suit was made in 2008. Zhai Zhigang wore it to carry out China’s first spacewalk, which lasted about 19 minutes.
The suits Chinese astronauts wear today are the second generation of Feitian. They can support longer walks lasting up to eight hours and can be used more often. The first generation could only be used five times within two years, while the second generation can be used 15 times within three years. Each suit costs around 30 million yuan, and it takes four months to make just one according to Ifeng News.
12. What can we learn about the Chinese astronauts’ latest spacewalk from the text?| A．It was China’s first spacewalk. |
| B．It lasted a total of six hours. |
| C．It was carried out this spring. |
| D．It was completed by three astronauts. |
| A．They include five layers with different functions. |
| B．The innermost layer adjusts the temperature. |
| C．Three other layers control air pressure inside the suit. |
| D．The outermost layer protects astronauts from radiation. |
a. headphones b. speakers c. mirror
d. radar e. compass f. safety ropes
| A．acdf. | B．abef. | C．abcf. | D．cdef. |
| A．Disadvantages of the first Feitian suit. |
| B．The process of making the second Feitian suit. |
| C．New technology applied to the second Feitian suit. |
| D．Distinctions between the two generations of Feitian suits. |
