Fossils (化石), the preserved remains of ancient life, serve as windows into the Earth’s rich history. The formation of the fossils is a wonderful journey that unfolds over vast stretches of time, catching good views of the diversity of life that once lived on our planet.
The journey often starts with the death of an organism in a specific environment. Whether it’s a plant, animal or microscopic organisms, the key factor lies in whether the remains are quickly buried. This initial step is critical to protect the organism from its enemies and environmental factors that could lead to breakdown.
As the remains are buried, they experience layers of sediment (沉积层). Over time, more layers gather, pressing the lower sediments. This process, known as sedimentation, plays a crucial role in preserving the remains by creating a protective environment that protects them from being destroyed.
Mineralization is also a key period in the fossilization process. It involves the infiltration (过滤) of minerals into the organic tissues of the buried remains. Groundwater, rich in minerals moves through these layers. The minerals replace the original organic material, transforming the remains into rock-like forms.
Sometimes, fossilization goes beyond mineralization to a process called petrification. Petrified fossils occur when the organic material is entirely replaced by minerals, often resulting in a good copy of the original organism. This transformation can preserve complex details, such as the skeletal features of animals. For softer organisms or parts like leaves or feathers, the fossilization process involves pressure. Under the weight of sediments, these delicate structures flatten but leave behind detailed imprints.
The final step in the journey comes when geological processes expose the fossilized remains. Archaeologists then unearth these treasures, revealing the secrets of Earth’s ancient inhabitants. This scientific exploration contributes to our understanding of evolution, biodiversity, and the ever-changing landscapes that have shaped the history of life on our planet.
12. What is the role of fossils in the modern times?
A.To help protect our environment. |
B.To help explore the function of the Earth. |
C.To enhance knowing the long history of the universe. |
D.To provide an insight into the diverse life forms. |
13. Which of the following is the first step of fossilization?
A.The quick pressure caused by rocks. |
B.The quick transformation of the remains. |
C.The rapid burial of the remains. |
D.The mix of groundwater and minerals. |
14. How can a good copy of organisms form?
A.By fossils petrified when minerals replace the organic material. |
B.By groundwater moving through them. |
C.By accumulating more pressure on them. |
D.By creating a protective environment. |
15. What’s the text mainly about?
A.The importance of fossils. | B.The process of fossilization. |
C.The evolution of ancient animals. | D.The preservation of the remains. |