安徽省黄山市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
安徽
高二
期末
2020-07-22
38次
整体难度:
适中
考查范围:
主题、语篇范围
一、阅读理解 添加题型下试题
NASA Student Competitions
NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge
Teams of high school and college students are challenged to design and build a human-powered vehicle to travel across the simulated(模拟的) surface of another world. The course includes 14 roadblocks and 5 tasks, and teams must successfully follow NASA instructions. Each U.S. school may enter up to two teams. For international entries, no more than four teams from each country will be accepted.
International Team Registration Deadline: July 12
U.S. Team Registration Deadline: August 16
NASA Lunabotics Competition
Lunabotics challenges teams to design, build and run their autonomously operated robot, travel through simulated off-world areas and dig the simulated lunar soil. This challenge includes presentations and demonstrations, and a systems engineering paper explaining the methodology the team uses to design and build their robot.
Registration Deadline: July 18
NASA SUITS Design Challenge
NASA Spacesuit User Interface Technologies for Students (SUITS) gives students an authentic engineering design experience supporting NASA’s Artemis mission—landing American astronauts safely on the Moon by 2024! This activity challenges students to design and create spacesuit information displays within AR environments.
Proposal Deadline: July 25
2020 BIG Idea Challenge
NASA’s 2020 Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-changing (BIG) Idea Challenge is open to teams of 5 to 20 students. Teams are challenged to submit proposals for sample lunar payloads(有效载荷) that demonstrate technology systems needed for exploration and science in the permanently shadowed regions in and near the Moon’s polar regions. Selected teams will receive awards from $50,000 to $180,000 to bring their ideas to life!
Entry Deadline: August 16
1. John, a student who is good at designing vehicles, can enter______________.A.2020 BIG Idea Challenge | B.NASA Lunabotics Competition |
C.NASA SUITS Design Challenge | D.NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge |
A.They need to finish building their robot on July 18. |
B.They have to complete a course of 5 tasks. |
C.They need to create their own simulated environments. |
D.They should write a paper showing how they build their robot. |
A.They both require submitting proposals before August. |
B.They both ask participants to bring their ideas to life. |
C.They are both preparations for Moon exploration. |
D.Both of them will present winners with big awards. |
The other day on a cold night, I left my wife and drove from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of about 100 miles. It was rather late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.
At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.
I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.
Much later that night, the question of why I’d stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract we all have with each other. It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights.
Trust is our first inclination. Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust. We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; and we pay when we say we’ll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.
I am so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.
4. How does the author feel about the truck driver?A.Pleased. | B.Satisfied. | C.Sorry. | D.Annoyed. |
A.He hates driving at night. | B.He desired to cross the red light that night. |
C.He approves of obeying traffic rules by himself. | D.He is easy when suffering the traffic jam. |
A.Tendency. | B.Faith. |
C.Adjustment. | D.Guidance. |
A.Politeness matters. | B.Hold belief in human nature. |
C.People should be patient and helpful. | D.There’s a need to improve traffic rules. |
Bill Gates’ body might live in the present, but his brain lives in the future. He has made a career out of predicting what will happen in matters of computing, public health and the environment. He correctly predicted the rise of smartphones and social media, and his latest predictions could come true, too. Here’s what Gates predicts for the future of our world.
In his Annual Letter 2015, Gates made the prediction that Africa’s agriculture industry would increase productivity by 50% by 2030. Now the continent buys about $50 billion worth of food from other countries each year, although 70% of people in Africa are farmers. “In the next 15 years,however,creations in farming will solve the food problem in Africa,” Gates wrote. “The world has already developed crops that are more productive; with all the technologies, African farmers could possibly double their harvests.”
By 2035, there could be almost no poor countries. In his Annual Letter 2014, Gates bravely predicted that continued levels of foreign help could mean there would be almost no more poor countries by 2035. “Almost all countries will be what we now call lower-middle income or richer,” Gates explained. “Countries will learn from their most productive neighbors and benefit from things like better seeds and the digital revolution. ”
By 2030, the world will discover a clean-energy breakthrough to power our world. One of Gate’s more hopeful predictions which came in 2016 said that wind, solar, or some other renewable resources would power most of the world within 15 years. “The difficulty we face is big, perhaps bigger than many people imagine,” he wrote in his letter. “But so is the chance to make things better.” Many of the poor countries he visited had no running water or electricity. At night this meant they couldn’t light or power their homes, and keep businesses open.” If the world can find a type of cheap, clean energy, it will do more than prevent climate change,” he wrote. “It will change the lives of millions of the poorest families.”
8. What does the author think of Gates’ predictions?A.They sound quite unreal. | B.They are mainly about computers. |
C.They will probably come true. | D.They haven’t produced any end result. |
A.It is losing its workforce. | B.It is in need of productivity. |
C.It can satisfy the local needs. | D.It is as backward as Africa’s industry. |
A.Use expensive seeds. | B.Expect less foreign help. |
C.Rely on the digital revolution. | D.Learn from the experience of other countries. |
A.It’s no easy task. | B.It’s hard to imagine. |
C.It can put climate change to an end. | D.It has little to do with poor families. |
The reality TV wildlife edition has just come to a dramatic end. The world watched as the bears packed on pounds before they went into their den (兽穴) for the winter. Over the next few months, Fat Bear Week winner, 435 Holly, will go into hibernation (冬眠). Why do bears do this?
The mysteries around hibernating bears have attracted curious researchers for ages. What is hibernation, and what causes it? And probably most interestingly — could humans do this someday?
Dr. Kelly Drew, who studies hibernation, is one of the scientists consulting on a project funded by NASA, looking to put humans into hibernation for spaceflight. “For sending people to space, I think our first step is to perfect short-term hibernation-like periods in humans,” she says. “If we can figure this out, we can then try for longer periods.” We still have a long way to go before this science fiction dream becomes a reality, but several scientists around the country have been studying hibernation.
Cory Williams, at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, says, “A huge variety of mammals (哺乳动物) hibernate. However, hibernation in bears is different from that in small mammals…their body temperature only drops a few degrees and they don’t experience periodic rewarming.” In general, mammals with lower body temperatures during hibernation awaken every few days to raise their body temperature, or eat a bit. Bears do not emerge for any of these activities. Instead, they live off the fat they have collected during the summer and autumn months and even recycle their metabolic (新陈代谢的) waste.
At the moment, the study of hibernation has and continues to contribute greatly to applications in the human world. For example, bears are able to maintain their bone mass during hibernation, and understanding this could help advance the study of treating people with weak bones. Perhaps one day, it will be the key to sending humans far off into space too.
12. Why is 435 Holly mentioned in Paragraph 1?A.To show the popularity of Fat Bear Week. | B.To introduce the topic of hibernation. |
C.To call for the protection of bears. | D.To advertise reality TV. |
A.They produce new body fat. |
B.They lower their body temperature greatly. |
C.They sleep through the whole winter. |
D.They rewarm themselves regularly. |
A.The new findings about hibernation. | B.The significance of studying hibernation. |
C.The ways bears maintain their bone mass. | D.The barriers to sending humans into space. |
A.What could bears and astronauts have in common? |
B.What effects does hibernation have on bears? |
C.Why do bears need to go into hibernation? |
D.How do humans and bears get along? |